Cyclopentane

log Kow = 3.00

3.0

0.74 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.7457 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.8 (20 °C)

0.75

0.7457 @ 20°C

0.75

0.413 mPa s at 25 °C

O.44 mPa*s at 20 °C

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

In water, 156 ppm at 25 °C

Miscible with other hydrocarbon solvents, alcohol, ether

Miscible with ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone, benzene, petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride

Solubility in water: none

Insoluble

less than 20 °F (USCG, 1999)

-37 °C

-20 °C (-4 °F) (Closed cup)

<20 °F (<-7 °C) (Closed cup)

-37 °C c.c.

<20 °F

120.7 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

49.2 °C

49 °C

121 °F

49.3 °C @760 [mm Hg]

121 °F

-137 °F (USCG, 1999)

-93.4 °C

-94 °C

-137 °F

-93.7 °C

-137 °F

2.42 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.4

400 mmHg at 88 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

317.8 [mmHg]

VP: 400 mm Hg at 31.0 °C

317.8 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 45

400 mmHg at 88 °F

Danger

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]；H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

Chemical: Cyclopentane

Cyclopentane is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Cyclopentane are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 27-10-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14830

Cyclopentane: HSNO Approval: HSR001117 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Behavior in Fire: Containers may explode. (USCG, 1999)

· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.；· Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.；· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.；· Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).；· Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.；· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.；· Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.；· Containers may explode when heated.；· Many liquids will float on water.；· Substance may be transported hot.；· For hybrid vehicles, GUIDE 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or GUIDE 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted.；· If molten aluminum is involved, refer to GUIDE 169.

Highly flammable. Heating will cause rise in pressure with risk of bursting. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive.

Flammable, dangerous fire risk.

Flammable liquid. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. ...

Inhalation causes dizziness, nausea, and vomiting; concentrated vapor may cause unconsciousness and collapse. Vapor causes slight smarting of eyes. Contact with liquid causes irritation of eyes and may irritate skin if allowed to remain. Ingestion causes irritation of stomach. Aspiration produces severe lung irritation and rapidly developing pulmonary edema; central nervous system excitement followed by depression. (USCG, 1999)

CAUTION: Petroleum crude oil (UN1267) may contain TOXIC hydrogen sulphide gas.；· Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.；· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.；· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation, especially when in closed or confined areas.；· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

1146 128

1146 128

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date: 1/26/94; Reporting date: 3/28/94.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Cyclopentane is included on this list. Effective date: 1/26/94; Sunset date: 6/30/98.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:；CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.；SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.；LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.；FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use foam, carbon dioxide, powder. Water may be ineffective. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.；· Keep unauthorized personnel away.；· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.；· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.；· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.；· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.；· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.；· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.；· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.；· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.；· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.；Large Spill；· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.；· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Cyclopentane:；Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.；Skin: SOAP WASH - If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.；Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.；Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:；· Call 911 or emergency medical service.；· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.；· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.；· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.；· If victim is not breathing:；-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.；-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).；-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.；· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.；· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.；· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.；· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.；· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.；· Keep victim calm and warm.；· Keep victim under observation.；· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.；· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.；Specific First Aid:；· Wash skin with soap and water.

(General first aid procedures)；Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.；Skin: Soap wash - If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.；Breathing: Respiratory support；Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam extinguishers. Water may be ineffective because of low flash point. Do not extinguish fire unless flow of chemical can be stopped.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Accidental Release Measures: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapours accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapours can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:；ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.；LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Waste treatment methods. Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Cyclopentane was detected in 6 of 12 samples of mothers breast milk from the cities of Bayonne, NJ, Jersey City, NJ, Bridgeville, PA and Baton Rouge, LA(1). Cyclopentane was detected in 30 of 49 personal air samplers for transport drivers at a mean concentration of 0.102 mg/cu m and 17 of 49 samples for service attendants at a mean concentration of 0.030 mg/cu m(1).

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age 4-6 days, length 1.5 mm; Conditions: freshwater, static, 23 °C, pH 6-7, dissolved oxygen 5-9 mg/L; Concentration: 150 mmol/cu m for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 85-268 mmol/cu m); Effect: intoxication, immobilization /> or =97% purity/

LC50; Species: Artemia salina nauplii (Brine Shrimp); Conditions: saltwater, static, 20 °C; Concentration: 280 mmol/cu m for 24 hr /> or =97% purity/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 80(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that cyclopentane is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of cyclopentane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.19 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 317.8 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 156 mg/L(4). Cyclopentane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Cyclopentane was not biodegraded by microorganisms isolated from soil(5), indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental date process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 80(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that cyclopentane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.19 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 317.8 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 156 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 52 minutes and 3 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 44(SRC), from its log Kow of 3(7) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Cyclopentane was not biodegraded using an inocula from groundwater contaminated with gasoline(8), suggesting that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), cyclopentane, which has a vapor pressure of 317.8 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase cyclopentane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.4 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.97X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Cyclopentane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L400) ; inhalation (L400) ; dermal (L400)

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Cyclopentane is a liquid chemical. It is used as a solvent for cellulose esters, as a motor fuel, and as an azeotropic distillation agent. It is also used to produce a variety of analgesics, sedatives, hypnotics, antitumor agents, CNS depressants, prostaglandins, insecticides, and many other products. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Symptoms of exposure to high concentrations of cyclopentane include excitement, dizziness, confusion, coma, and possibly respiratory failure. Ingestion may cause irritation of the gastrointestinal tract and result in nausea and vomiting. 122 workers in the Italian shoe industry suffered polyneuropathy from glue solvents exposure. ANIMAL STUDIES: When applied to guinea pig skin, undiluted alicyclic hydrocarbons cause morphological changes (epidermal thickening) and altered epidermal soluble arginase activity. In the mice there is no safety margin between minimal CNS depressant concentration, loss of reflexes, and lethality, which all occurred at 110 mg/L. When ingested, there is a low to moderate aspiration hazard in mice. Inhalation of 8110 mg/L 6 hr per day for 12 weeks results in decreased body weight gains in female rats. The effects of cyclopentane on the ionic currents and electrical capacity of the squid giant axon membrane were that both the peak inward and steady-state outward currents were reduced reversibly.

Petroleum distillates are central nervous system depressants and cause pulmonary damage. (A600)

Cough. Nausea. Headache. Dizziness. Incoordination. Drowsiness. Unconsciousness.

Redness.

Redness.

Sore throat. Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting. Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; dizziness, euphoria, incoordination, nausea, vomiting, stupor; dry, cracking skin

Petroleum distillate poisoning may cause nausea, vomiting, cough, pulmonary irritation progressing to pulmonary edema, bloody sputum, and bronchial pneumonia. At high amounts, central nervous system depression may also occur, with symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, slow and shallow respiration, unconsciousness, and convulsions. Petroleum distillates are also irritating to the skin. (A594)

Chemical: Cyclopentane

Cyclopentane is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Cyclopentane are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 27-10-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14830

Cyclopentane: HSNO Approval: HSR001117 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date: 1/26/94; Reporting date: 3/28/94.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Cyclopentane is included on this list. Effective date: 1/26/94; Sunset date: 6/30/98.

The effects of the n-alkanes propane to hexane, cyclopropane, cyclopentane and cyclohexane and carbon tetrachloride on the ionic currents and electrical capacity of the squid giant axon membrane have been examined. Both the peak inward and steady-state outward currents were reduced reversibly by each substance, though propane at 1 atm had very little effect. The membrane capacity at 100 kHz was reduced by all substances except propane at 1 atm. ...

Cyclopentane is metabolized to conjugated metabolites via cycloalkanols and excreted partly unchanged by aspiration and partly as conjugates in the urine.

Volatile hydrocarbons are absorbed mainly through the lungs, and may also enter the body after ingestion via aspiration. (A600)

Used as a laboratory reagent; also used as a solvent in paint, shoe manufacturing, and wax extraction; [ACGIH]

Painting (Solvents) [Category: Paint]；Working with Glues and Adhesives [Category: Other]

It is commonly used for cracking aromatics. Commercially, ... used to produce a variety of analgesics, sedatives, hypnotics, antitumor agents, CNS depressants, prostaglandins, insecticides, and many other products.

As a solvent for cellulose esters, as a motor fuel, and as an azeotropic distillation agent.

Cyclopentane is a component of gasoline and is used in the manufacture of synthetic resins and rubber adhesives, and also as a blowing agent in the manufacture of polyurethane insulating foam. (L1298)

2023: 10,000,000 - <25,000,000 lb；2022: 10,000,000 - <25,000,000 lb；2021: 25,000,000 - <40,000,000 lb；2020: 10,000,000 - <25,000,000 lb

Cyclopentane is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: Cyclopentane. Aggregated National Production Volume: 1 to < 10 million pounds.

Non-confidential 2012 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: Cyclopentane. National Production Volume: 100,464,217 lb/yr.

All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing；Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable；Petroleum Refineries；Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing；All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing；Asphalt Paving, Roofing, and Coating Materials Manufacturing；Petrochemical Manufacturing；Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing

Cyclopentane: ACTIVE