塩酸ナイトロジェンマスタード-N-オキシド

Prisms from acetone

COLORLESS CRYSTALS

Sol in water

FREELY SOL IN ETHANOL; SLIGHTLY SOL IN BENZENE, ETHER

HYDROLYZES IN ALKALINE SOLN (PH 8), MUCH MORE SLOWLY THAN DOES FREE BASE

READILY REDUCED, EG, RELEASES IODINE FROM POTASSIUM IODIDE

Mol wt: 172; Soluble in water; sparingly soluble in benzene and ether /Nitrogen mustard n-oxide/

Fire: Vesicants may be volatilized during a fire or be spread by efforts to extinguish the fire. Agents may be decomposed by heat to produce other toxic and/or corrosive gases. In addition, Nitrogen Vesicants may react with steam or water during a fire to produce toxic and/or corrosive vapors. Hydrogen produced by the action of the corrosive vapors on metals or other corrodible materials may be present. Nitrogen Vesicants tend to polymerize and the polymerization products may present an explosion hazard. /Vesicants - Nitrogen Based/

Reactivity: Nitrogen Vesicants tend to polymerize. Polymerization may generate enough heat to cause an explosion. In addition, polymerized components may present an explosion hazard. Lack of solubility inhibits hydrolysis of Nitrogen Vesicants. /Vesicants - Nitrogen Based/

Protection: Evacuation: Immediately isolate an area around any liquid or solid contamination for at least 400 feet in all directions. If possible, identify the agent and develop a downwind hazard diagram (see Table 3.2). Adjust the initial isolation distance as appropriate. Based on the type of release, amount of material aerosolized, persistence of the agent and local conditions (e.g., weather, population density, time of day), shelter in place until the initial cloud passes may be the most appropriate course of action since timely evacuation of the threatened downwind population may not be possible. Depending on the persistence of the agent and the potential for condensation of agent from the cloud, evacuation of the threatened population after passage of the initial cloud may be appropriate. /Vesicants- Nitrogen Based/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Decontamination: Vapor: Casualties/personnel: Speed in decontamination is absolutely essential. Immediately wash skin and clothes with a bleach solution that is no less than one part household bleach in nine parts water. Rinse with copious amounts of water. To be effective, decontamination must be completed within one minute of exposure. In all cases, clothing should be removed because it may contain "trapped" vapor. Small Areas: Decontaminate with copious amounts of full strength household bleach. Removal of porous material, including painted surfaces, that may have absorbed Nitrogen Vesicant vapor may be required as these materials could continue to re release vapor after exposure has ceased. /Vesicants- Nitrogen Based/

Decontamination: Liquid: Casualties/personnel: Speed in decontamination is absolutely essential. Remove contaminated clothing immediately. Remove as much of the agent from the skin as fast as possible without spreading the material. Immediately wash skin and clothes with a bleach solution that is no less than one part household bleach in nine parts water. Rinse with copious amounts of water. To be effective, decontamination must be completed within one minute of exposure. However, to prevent systemic toxicity, decontamination should be done as late as 2 or 3 hours after exposure even if it increases the severity of the local reaction. In all cases, clothing should be removed because it may contain "trapped" liquid or vapor. Small Areas: Puddles of liquid must be contained by covering with vermiculite, diatomaceous earth, clay, fine sand, sponges, paper towels or cloth towels. Remove all material and place in a container. Decontaminate the area with copious amounts of household bleach. A 10 weight percent HTH/water slurry may be substituted for the bleach solution. Removal of porous material, including painted surfaces, that may have absorbed Vesicant liquid may be required as these materials could continue to re-release vapor after exposure has ceased. Surfaces contaminated with Vesicants then only rinsed may still evolve sufficient agent vapor to produce a physiological response. /Vesicants- Nitrogen Based/

Decontamination: Solid: Casualties/personnel: Speed in decontamination is absolutely essential. Remove contaminated clothing immediately. Remove as much of the agent from the skin as fast as possible without spreading the material. Immediately wash skin with a bleach solution that is no less than one part household bleach in nine parts water. Rinse with copious amounts of water. To be effective, decontamination must be completed within one minute of exposure. However, to prevent systemic toxicity, decontamination should be done as late as 2 or 3 hours after exposure even if it increases the severity of the local reaction. Remove all clothing from casualties regardless of apparent contamination. Extreme care must be exercised when dealing with solids as agents may adhere to the skin or clothing and present a contact and inhalation hazard later. Immediately wash clothes with a bleach solution that is no less than one part household bleach in nine parts water. Rinse with copious amounts of water. Small Areas: Consolidate as much material as possible and place into containers. In heavily contaminated areas, employ vacuum devices equipped with High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters to remove as much agent as possible. Decontaminate the area with copious amounts of full strength household bleach. A 10 weight percent HTH pool bleach/water slurry may be substituted for the bleach solution. /Vesicants- Nitrogen Based/

Personal Protective Requirements: Nitrogen Vesicants pose both a severe respiratory and severe contact hazard. Wear appropriate fully encapsulating protective gear with positive pressure self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing is recommended for fire situations only; it is not effective in spill or release events. Solid agents pose a less significant vapor hazard but a much more significant contact hazard. If solid agents have been released, dust control during windy conditions will be essential. /Vesicants- Nitrogen Based/

COMBINED INFUSION OF NITROGEN MUSTARD N-OXIDE (10 OR 20 MG/KG) INTO HEPATIC ARTERY ALONG WITH SYSTEMIC ADMIN OF CYSTEINE (500 MG/KG) IN SARCOMA BEARING RATS, CONTROLLED TUMOR GROWTH IN LIVER. ALL RATS RECEIVING ONLY NITROGEN MUSTARD N-OXIDE BY INFUSION INTO HEPATIC ARTERY DIED.

Toxicology Effects: Vesicants affect both exterior and interior parts of the body. Vesicants cause inflammation, blisters, and general destruction of tissues. Vapors have a greater impact on moist areas of the body. Eyes are especially susceptible to vesicants. Inhalation of Vesicants can cause lung membranes to swell and become filled with liquid (pulmonary edema). Death may result from lack of oxygen. Vesicants are also systemic agents and readily pass through the skin to affect susceptible tissue including those that produce blood. Nitrogen Vesicants should be considered carcinogenic. Pathways: Vesicants are hazardous through inhalation, skin and eye exposure, ingestion, and abraded skin (e.g., breaks in the skin or penetration of skin by debris). /Vesicants- Nitrogen Based/

Latency Period: Tissue damage occurs within minutes of exposure to Nitrogen Vesicants, but clinical effects may not appear for up to 24 hours. Eye irritation may develop immediately. Pulmonary edema caused by inhalation of the agent vapor may be delayed for several hours. /Vesicants - Nitrogen Based/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

4 WEEKLY SC DOSES OF 650 MG/KG BODY WT ... OF A 3% SOLN OF NITROGEN MUSTARD N-OXIDE HYDROCHLORIDE IN SALINE WERE GIVEN TO MALE AND FEMALE DD/I SUCKLING MICE, 7 DAYS OLD. THYMIC LYMPHOMAS WERE OBSERVED IN 27/47 & LUNG ADENOMAS IN 20/47 TREATED MICE SURVIVING 80 OR MORE DAYS. LUNG CARCINOMAS & HARDERIAN GLAND ADENOMAS ALSO OCCURRED IN 8/38 & 6/38 MICE SURVIVING AFTER 180 DAYS. OTHER TUMORS OCCURRING IN TREATED MICE, BUT NOT IN SALINE TREATED CONTROLS, THAT SURVIVED 180 OR MORE DAYS INCLUDED 2 LIVER TUMORS, 2 OVARIAN TUMORS, 1 HEMANGIOMA OF DUODENUM & 1 FORESTOMACH PAPILLOMA. IN 69 SALINE TREATED CONTROLS SURVIVING 80-450 DAYS, 15 MICE DIED WITH LUNG ADENOMAS. THE AVERAGE SURVIVAL TIME IN TREATED MICE WAS 260 DAYS.

Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevent their proper functioning. Many are used as antineoplastic agents, but most are very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. They have also been used as components in poison gases.

Chemicals that are used to cause the disturbance, disease, or death of humans during WARFARE.

Drugs that act locally on cutaneous or mucosal surfaces to produce inflammation; those that cause redness due to hyperemia are rubefacients; those that raise blisters are vesicants and those that penetrate sebaceous glands and cause abscesses are pustulants; tear gases and mustard gases are also irritants.

A class of drugs that differs from other alkylating agents used clinically in that they are monofunctional and thus unable to cross-link cellular macromolecules. Among their common properties are a requirement for metabolic activation to intermediates with antitumor efficacy and the presence in their chemical structures of N-methyl groups, that after metabolism, can covalently modify cellular DNA. The precise mechanisms by which each of these drugs acts to kill tumor cells are not completely understood. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2026)

After iv injection of 5 mg/kg body wt (14)C-labeled-methyl nitrogen mustard N-oxide in dogs ... no activity ... in blood after 1 hr in urine, highest level of radioactivity was found between 5 & 20 min after injection & had declined to 0 after 4 hr.

Antineoplastic agent (non-USA use)

MEDICATION

MEDICATION (VET)

Prepn by treating 2,2'-dichloro-N-methyldiethylamine with hydrogen peroxide and acetic anhydride in ether, followed by shaking with 10% hydrochloric acid: Alko et al, J Pharm Soc Japan 72: 1297 (1952, English text), Chemical Abstract 47: 1289 (1953).