ニトロキシル

化学的特性一酸化窒素NOは無色の気体であり窒素Nと酸素Oの化合物ですその化学式はN1O1で表されますこの単純な分子は生物学的プロセスと工業的プロセスの両方において重要な役割を果たします特に人体内での役割は極めて重要であり血管の拡張神経伝達そして免疫系の機能に影響を与えることが知られています

化学的特性Nitric oxide,NO, also known as nitrogen oxide and nitrogen monoxide, is a colorless gas that will react with oxygen at room temperature to form nitrogen dioxide, N202, a reddish-brown gas.It is soluble in water and alcohol and is used primarily to form other compounds.

化学性质酸化窒素と余剰の残存酸素が反応して二酸化窒素を生成

解説NO (mw30.01)．酸化窒素ともいう．反応性の高い気体で，酸素と反応してNO2を生成する．動物細胞でアルギニンから生成し，平滑筋を弛緩させる作用，血小板凝集作用，好中球の活性化，血管拡張，線溶などの生理作用がある．グアニル酸シクラーゼを活性化して，cGMPを上昇させる．哺乳動物に広く分布する．朝倉書店 栄養・生化学辞典について 情報

用途シリコンの酸化膜形成用

用途硝酸の製造中間体，レーヨンの漂白剤，半導体の製造などに用いられる．なお，一酸化窒素は細胞内でのシグナル伝達物質として重要な働きをする。

説明near room temperature (its liquid density at 20°C is 1.45 g/cm3). Nitrogen monoxide (NO) is commonly called nitric oxide,Nitric oxide is colorless and has a sharp sweet odor;Nitric oxide is nonfl ammable, toxic gases.Nitric oxide is a free radical that quickly reacts in air to produce nitrogen dioxide.It is also an important biological messenger and transmitter.

来歴Nitric oxide was prepared in 1772 by Joseph Priestley (1733–1804) and described in his volumes Experiments and Observations of Different Kinds of Air published between 1774 and 1786. Priestley called nitric oxide nitrous air, nitrogen dioxide nitrous acid vapor, and nitrous oxide phlogisticated nitrous air, but also referred to the latter as diminished nitrous air. He observed the change of clear nitric oxide to red nitrogen dioxide. Priestley prepared nitric oxide by reacting nitric acid with a metal such as copper: 3Cu(s) + 8HNO3(aq) → 2NO(g) + 3Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 4H2O(l).

使用Nitric oxide is used as an intermediate in themanufacture of nitric acid, in the preparationof metal nitrosyls, in bleaching of rayon,and in incandescent lamps. It is produced byheating air at high temperatures.

一般的な説明A colorless gas. Noncombustible but accelerates the burning of combustible material. Vapors heavier than air. Very toxic by inhalation and skin absorption. Heating the containers may cause them to rupture violently and rocket. Nitric oxide was discovered by Van Helmont in 1620. It occurs in the exhaust gases from automobiles along with other oxides of nitrogen, at trace concentrations. It also is found in minute quantities in the upper atmosphere, resulting from the oxidation of nitrogen in the presence of ionizing radiation or by electric discharge. Nitric oxide is the most stable oxide of nitrogen. It is used as an intermediate or as a starting reactant in the production of many nitrogen compounds, including nitrogen dioxide, nitric acid and nitrosyl chloride.

使用用途一酸化窒素は、生体内で作られ続けています。生体内で生成した一酸化窒素は、動脈の内壁と外壁の間に位置する筋肉の「平滑筋」へ運ばれて、平滑筋の柔軟性を高め、動脈硬化を予防します。血管の柔軟性が保たれることで、血管に脂肪分が付着し、血流の悪化を防げます。 体内で作られる一酸化窒素の量は、加齢とともに減少します。適度な運動やアルギニンの摂取により、一酸化窒素の生成量を増やすことも可能です。 その一方で、一酸化窒素を使用して、ポリマーの表面のラジカルを検出できます。具体的には、X線光電子分光によって、一酸化窒素がラジカルを消去する際に生じる窒素を検出します。

Nitric oxide is commercially produced by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia using aplatinum catalyst: 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g).

合成方法アンモニアの接触酸化

純化方法Bubble the gas through 10M NaOH which removes NO2. It can also be freed from NO2 by passage through a column of Ascarite followed by a column of silica gel held at -197oK. The gas is dried with solid NaOH pellets or by passing through silica gel cooled at -78o, followed by fractional distillation from a liquid N2 trap. This purification does not eliminate nitrous oxide. Other gas scrubbers sometimes used include one containing conc H2SO4 and another containing mercury. It is freed from traces of N2 by the freeze and thaw method. [Blanchard Inorg Synth II 126 1946, Schenk in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I pp 485-487 1963.] TOXIC.