酸化二窒素
亜酸化窒素 · 酸化二窒素 · 笑気 · 酸化窒素(I) · 笑気ガス · 一酸化二窒素 · 亜酸化窒素 (JP17) · 一酸化二窒素（亜酸化窒素）
識別子と物理属性
| CAS No. | 10024-97-2 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | N2O |
| 平均分子量 | 44.013 g/mol |
| 単同位体質量 | 44.00106262 g/mol |
| SMILES | [N-]=[N+]=O |
| InChIKey | GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 948 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1234579 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:17045 |
| EC No. | 233-032-0 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID8021066 |
| 現地名 | 酸化二窒素 |
化学・物理的性質
| XLogP | 0.5 |
|---|---|
| 極性表面積 | 19.1 |
| 水素結合供与体数 | 0 |
| 水素結合受容体数 | 2 |
| 回転可能結合数 | 0 |
| 重原子数 | 3 |
| 形式電荷 | 0 |
| 複雑度 | 25.8 |
| 物質分類 | Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Other Toxic Gases & Vapors |
| 医薬品 | DEA NFLIS-Drug Category -> Analgesics |
| 化粧品 | Propellant |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Gibbs energy |
| LogP（分配係数） | log Kow = 0.36 |
| 臭い | Slightly sweetishWeak, pleasant odor無臭 |
| 味 | Slightly sweetish |
| 食品添加物 | FLAVOR ENHANCER, PROPELLANT -> FDA Substance added to food |
| 密度 | 1.266 at -128.2 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink1.799 g/LDensity: 1.226 at -89 °C (liquid)1.967 at standard temperature and pressureDensity: 1.9775 kg/cu m (gas, 0 °C, 101.3 kPa)793 kg/cu m (liquid, 20 °C, 101.3 kPa)Density (at the boiling point of the liquid): 1.28 kg/l1.266 at -128.2 °F1.23 g/cm3 (-89 ºC) |
| Viscosity | 0.0145 cP at 25 °C at 101.325 KPa (gas) |
| Color/Form | Colorless gas [Note: Shipped as a liquified compressed gas] |
| 溶解度 | 0.1 % at 77 °F (NIOSH, 2024)Slightly soluble in waterAt 20 °C and 2 atm one liter of the gas dissolves in 1.5 liters of water130 mL/100 mL water at 0 °C, 56.7 mL/100 mL water at 25 °CSoluble in ethanol, ethyl ether1 容量は、20℃、101 kPa の圧力で約 1.5 容量の水に溶解します。わずかに溶けるH2O可溶性アルコール、エーテル、濃硫酸 [HAW93] |
| 融点 | −91 °C(lit.) |
| 沸点 | −88 °C(lit.) |
| 蒸気密度 | 1.53 (15 °C, vs air) |
| 蒸気圧 | 51.7 mm Hg ( 21 °C) |
| 屈折率 | 1.380 |
| FEMA | 2779 | NITROUS OXIDE |
| pKa（酸解離定数） | -16.68±0.53(Predicted) |
| 外観・状態 | 無色のガス |
| 色 | colorless |
| 比熱容量 | Cp(gas): 0.88 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 13,6687 |
| BRN | 8137358 |
| ヘンリー定数 | 2.4×10-4 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Burkholder et al. (2019) |
| 誘電率 | 1.6(0℃) |
| 安定性 | 酸化剤、燃焼を強力にサポート。熱分解により有毒な生成物が生成される可能性があります。アルミニウム、酸化ホウ素、ヒドラジン、強力な還元剤とは相容れない。 |
| 化粧品成分の機能 | 香料推進剤 |
| LogP（分配係数） | 0.43 |
| CAS データベース | 10024-97-2(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EPAの化学物質情報 | Nitrous oxide (10024-97-2) |
化学的特性
Nitrous oxide is a colorless gas. Slightly sweet odor. Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas.
安全性と法規制
| GHS 分類 | DangerH270 (100%): May cause or intensify fireoxidizer [Danger Oxidizing gases]P220, P244, P261, P271, P282, P304+P340, P319, P336+P317, P370+P376, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 663 reports by companies from 15 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.H270: May cause or intensify fire |
|---|---|
| 規制情報 | Chemical: Nitrogen oxide, (N2O)Hazard Traits - Developmental ToxicityReproductive ToxicityNitrogen oxide (N2O) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Nitrogen oxide (N2O) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)REACH registered substance: Dinitrogen oxide (EC: 233-032-0)Nitrous oxide: HSNO Approval: HSR001065 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| 輸送ラベル（DOT） | Non-Flammable Gas Oxidizer |
| 火災危険 | Behavior in Fire: Will support combustion, and may increase intensity of fire. Containers may explode when heated. (USCG, 1999)Excerpt from ERG Guide 122 [Gases - Oxidizing (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:· Substance does not burn but will support combustion.Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion. See Chemical Dangers. |
| 火災の可能性 | Spontaneous ignition occurs when nitrous oxide and lithium hydride or hydrazine are mixed.Amorphous boron ignites when heated in dry nitrous oxide.Does not burn but is flammable by chemical reaction and supports combustion. |
| 健康有害性 | Inhalation causes intense analgesiaconcentrations of over 40-60% cause loss of consciousness preceded by hysteria. Contact of liquid with eyes or skin causes frostbite burn. (USCG, 1999) |
用途
解説
酸化二窒素，室温で無色の気体．融点－90.9 ℃，沸点－88.6 ℃．液体，固体ともに無色．N-N-O直線構造(N-N0.112 nm，N-O0.119 nm)で双極子モーメント0.17 D．室温では化学的に安定である．海洋や土壌，窒素肥料や工業活動により大気中に放出され，大きな温室効果をもつ気体である．年々大気中の濃度は増加しており，一酸化窒素とともに大気汚染物質としての窒素酸化物(NOx)のおもなものである．高温では分解して酸素を放出し，金属，炭素，硫黄，リンなどとはげしく反応する．水に多少溶けるが次亜硝酸とはならない．麻酔性をもち，吸入すると顔の筋肉をけいれんさせ，笑ったように見えるので笑気ともよばれる．吸入麻酔薬として用いられる．また，半導体の製造にも用いられる．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
そのまま、又は酸素と混ぜて歯科及び外科、産婦人科の麻酔用に多く用いられる。また漏えい検知用、冷媒、原子吸光のキャリアガスにも用いられる。食品添加物(ホイップクリーム類の起泡剤)
説明
dinitrogen monoxide’s (N2O) common name is nitrous oxide.Nitrous oxide is a colorless, nonfl ammable, nontoxic gas with a slightly sweet odor and taste. Nitrous oxide is produced by the thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate at approximately 240°C: NH4NO3(g) → N2O(g) + 2H2O(g).Nitrous oxide is an important greenhouse gas. Its atmospheric residence time is 120 years. A molecule of N2O has 310 times the potential for absorbing heat compared to a molecule of CO2. Nitrous oxide is stable and unreactive on the earth’s surface, but it can be transported to the stratosphere where it absorbs energy and is converted into reactive forms of nitrogen such as nitric oxide and the nitrate radical contributing to ozone destruction.
来歴
nitrous oxide was prepared in 1772 by Joseph Priestley (1733 1804) . Priestley called nitric oxide nitrous air, nitrogen dioxide nitrous acid vapor, and nitrous oxide phlogisticated nitrous air, but also referred to the dioxide. Priestley prepared nitric oxide by reacting nitric acid with a metal such as copper: 3Cu(s) + 8HNO3(aq) 2NO(g) + 3Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 4H2O(l).He prepared nitrous oxide by reducing nitric oxide using iron: 2NO(g) + H2O(l) + Fe(s) N2O(g) + Fe(OH)2(aq).For example, the year of discovery for nitrous oxide ranges between 1772 and 1793. Humphrey Davy (1778 1829) examined the physiological effects of nitrous oxide and in 1799 wrote Researches Chemical and Philosophical, Chiefly Concerning Nitrous Oxide.
使用
Nitrous oxide was discovered by Priestley. It is found in the atmosphere in trace concentrations. The gas is used as an anesthetic, especially in dentistry and minor surgery. It produces mild hysteria and laughter preceding the anesthetic effect, for which reason it also is called “laughing gas.” It is used as an aerosol propellant, an aerating agent for whipped cream, and an oxidizing agent at high temperatures. Nitrous oxide also is used in the preparation of nitrites and as a flame gas in flame atomic absorption spectrometry of metals.
一般的な説明
NITROUS OXIDE is a colorless, sweet-tasting gas. NITROUS OXIDE is also known as "laughing gas". Continued breathing of the vapors may impair the decision making process. NITROUS OXIDE is noncombustible but NITROUS OXIDE will accelerate the burning of combustible material in a fire. NITROUS OXIDE is soluble in water. Its vapors are heavier than air. Exposure of the container to prolonged heat or fire can cause NITROUS OXIDE to rupture violently and rocket. NITROUS OXIDE is used as an anesthetic, in pressure packaging, and to manufacture other chemicals.
製法・合成法
製造方法
Prepared by thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 → N2O↑ + 2H2O
調製方法
Nitrous oxide is prepared by heating ammonium nitrate to about 170°C. This reaction also forms water.
製造方法
亜酸化窒素の工業的な製造方法としては、の熱分解法、アンモニア酸化法、法の3通りがあります。 1. 硝酸アンモニウムの熱分解法 硝酸アンモニウム熱分解法は、約250℃に保持した反応槽に原料の80%硝酸アンモニウム水溶液を、一定流量で滴下しながら分解させて亜酸化窒素を得る方法です。反応によって得られたガスは亜酸化窒素純度97~98%であり、不純物として、窒素、アンモニア、酸化窒素、を含みます。 この粗製亜酸化窒素ガスから水を冷却器で凝縮留去後、強アルカリ水溶液、強酸で洗浄することにより、不純物が除去された精製亜酸化窒素が得られます。 2. アンモニア直接酸化法 アンモニア直接酸化法はアンモニアを触媒により酸化して亜酸化窒素を得る方法です。反応生成物中の亜酸化窒素濃度が低いことと、触媒の寿命が短いことがプロセス上の課題でしたが、触媒の改良により現在は工業化されています。 不純物を含む粗製亜酸化窒素ガスを加圧下で水に吸収させ、減圧下で水より放散させることにより、酸素、窒素を分離して高純度の亜酸化窒素を得ます。 3. スルファミン酸法 スルファミン酸法はスルファミン酸と硝酸を80~100℃で反応させて亜酸化窒素を得る方法です。 NH2SO3H + HNO3 → N2O + H2SO4 + H2O
純化方法
Wash the gas with concentrated alkaline pyrogallol solution, to remove O2, CO2, and NO2, then dry it by passing it through columns of P2O5 or Drierite, and collecting in a dry trap cooled in liquid N2. It is further purified by freeze-pump-thaw and distillation cycles under vacuum [Ryan & Freeman J Phys Chem 81 1455 1977, Schenk in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I pp 484-485 1963].