ジアゾメタン
ジアゾメタン · アジメチレン · DIAZIRINE · azimethane · Diazomethane · azimethylene · DIAZOMETHANE IN ETHER · Methane, diazo-(8CI,9CI)

識別子と物理属性
| CAS No. | 334-88-3 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | CH2N2 |
| 平均分子量 | 42.04 g/mol |
| 単同位体質量 | 42.02179806 g/mol |
| SMILES | C=[N+]=[N-] |
| InChIKey | YXHKONLOYHBTNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 9550 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:73716 |
| EC No. | 206-382-7 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID0024008 |
| 現地名 | ジアゾメタン |
化学・物理的性質
| XLogP | 1.6 |
|---|---|
| 極性表面積 | 2 |
| 水素結合供与体数 | 0 |
| 水素結合受容体数 | 1 |
| 回転可能結合数 | 0 |
| 重原子数 | 3 |
| 形式電荷 | 0 |
| 複雑度 | 25.8 |
| 物質分類 | Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)Nitrogen Compounds -> Other Nitrogen CompoundsFlammable agents - 4th degree |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Coriolis coupling |
| 農薬 | Pesticide -> EPA IRIS |
| LogP(分配係数) | 2.00 (estimated) |
| 臭い | Musty odorかび臭(許容閾値なし) |
| 密度 | 1.45Relative density (water = 1): 1.451.45 @25 °C1.45(relative gas density)1.45 g/cm3 |
| Color/Form | Yellow gas [Note: Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas] |
| 溶解度 | Reacts with water (NIOSH, 2024)Soluble in ... benzene, alcoholVery soluble in ether and dioxaneDecomposes in waterSolubility in water: reaction |
| 引火点 | Flammable gasNA (Gas) |
| 沸点 | -9 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)-23 °C-23 °C @760 [mm Hg]bp -23° |
| Decomposition | WHEN HEATED TO DECOMPOSITION ... EMITS HIGHLY TOXIC FUMES OF /NITROGEN OXIDES./ SRP: DIAZOMETHANE DOES NOT NEED TO DECOMPOSE TO EMIT TOXIC FUMES.Copper powder causes active decomposition with the evolution of nitrogen and the formation of insoluble white flakes of polymethylene. |
| 融点 | -229 °F (NIOSH, 2024)-145 °C-145° |
| 屈折率 | 1.4180 (estimate) |
| 外観・状態 | 黄色いガス |
| 比熱容量 | Cp(gas): 1.25 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| EPAの化学物質情報 | Diazomethane (334-88-3) |
化学的特性
Diazomethane is a flammable, yellow gas or a liquid under pressure. Musty odor.
安全性と法規制
| GHS 分類 | DangerH350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]P203, P280, P318, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Not Classified |
|---|---|
| 規制情報 | Hazard Traits - CarcinogenicityHepatotoxicity and Digestive System ToxicityOcular ToxicityRespiratory ToxicityThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| 輸送ラベル(DOT) | Poison Gas Flammable Gas |
| 火災危険 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 119 [Gases - Toxic - Flammable]:Extremely flammable. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Gas/air mixtures are explosive. |
| 健康有害性 | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Diazomethane: |
| 有害性の概要 | The major source of exposure to diazomethane is occupational. Diazomethane is a strong respiratory irritant. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure of humans to diazomethane may cause irritation of the eyes, cough, wheezing, asthmatic symptoms, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, dizziness, weakness, headache, and chest pains. No information is available on the chronic (long-term), reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of diazomethane in humans. Increased incidences of lung tumors have been observed in rats and mice exposed to diazomethane by inhalation and in dermally exposed mice. EPA has not classified diazomethane with respect to its potential carcinogenicity.Toxicity in experimental animals resembles that of phosgene. [ACGIH] Possible frostbite from contact with liquid[NIOSH] A corrosive substance that can cause pulmonary edemaMay cause asthma after repeated or prolonged exposures[ICSC] |
| 反応性グループ | Azo, Diazo, Azido, Hydrazine, and Azide Compounds |
| EC 分類 | Symbol: TR: 45S: 53-45 |
| Reactivity Alerts | Explosive |
| OSHA Standards |
用途
解説
CH2N2(42.04).脂肪族ジアゾ化合物.次の二つの構造の間に共鳴している.H2C=N+"=N-": H2C-"-N+"≡N:N-ニトロソメチルウレタンCH3N(NO)COOC2H5,あるいはN-ニトロソ-p-トルエンスルホン酸-N-メチルアミドを水酸化カリウムと処理して生成される.黄色,無臭の非常に有毒な気体.融点-145 ℃,沸点-24 ℃.エーテル,ジオキサンに可溶.カルボン酸やフェノール性ヒドロキシ基のO-メチル化,ケトンのエポキシド化を経由するC-メチル化,そのほかの反応に用いられる.また,ジアゾメタンを光分解するとメチレン遊離基が生成する.濃厚溶液は爆発性があるので,通常,エーテル溶液として使用する.ガラスの粗面は爆発を誘起しやすいため,すり合わせ器具は避けるべきである.[CAS 334-88-3]森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)
用途
メチル化剤、農薬原料、医薬原料
使用
Powerful methylating agent for acidic Compounds such as carboxylic acids, phenols, enols. For syntheses with diazomethane see the reviews by Smith, Chem. Rev. 23, 193 (1938); Eistert, Z. Angew. Chem. 54, 99, 124 (1941) translated by Spangler in Newer Methods of Preparative Organic Chemistry (New York, 1948) p 513; J. S. Pizey, Synthetic Reagents vol. 2 (John Wiley, New York, 1974) pp 65-142.
一般的な説明
Yellow gas with a musty odor. Highly toxic by inhalation Shipped as a liquid under pressure.
使用用途
ジアゾメタンの主な使用用途には、メチル化剤、農薬原料、医薬原料などがあります。有機合成の実験室では、特に、カルボン酸やフェノール性ヒドロキシ基のO-メチル化 (メチルエーテル誘導体やメチルエステル誘導体を生成する) やケトンのエポキシド化を経由するC-メチル化などの反応に使用されています。 爆発性があるため、通常はエーテル溶液、もしくはジオキサン溶液として用時調整して使用されますが、より安全で扱いやすい代替試薬が用いられることも非常に多いです。