レミマゾラム

DEA Schedule IV Controlled Substance -> Depressants

Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15

Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Benzodiazepines; Anesthetics, Intravenous

EMA approved medicines: Human medicine

Remimazolam, like other intravenously administered benzodiazepines, has not been associated with serum ALT elevations and no instances of clinically apparent liver injury from remimazolam have been reported. Rare cases of clinically apparent liver injury have been reported with oral benzodiazepines including alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, diazepam, flurazepam and triazolam. The clinical pattern of acute liver injury from benzodiazepines usually arises only after 1 to 6 months of continuous or intermittent therapy and the pattern of injury is typically cholestatic. The injury from benzodiazepine is usually mild-to-moderate in severity. Fever and rash are uncommon as is autoantibody formation.

N - Nervous system

QN - Nervous system

Remimazolam modulates the effects of GABA(A) receptors in order to enhance the effects of GABA. It is considered an "ultra short-acting" benzodiazepine that achieves peak sedation within 3 to 3.5 minutes following intravenous administration, a property that makes it desirable for use during short procedures. Hepatic impairment can result in elevated serum levels of remimazolam - patients with severe hepatic impairment should be carefully titrated to effect. As of its approval date, remimazolam has not received a scheduling action by the DEA under the Controlled Substances Act. As benzodiazepines as a class have been implicated in the development of drug dependence and have a known potential for abuse, remimazolam should be used with caution in patients with a history of drug dependence or abuse.

Like other benzodiazepines, remimazolam exerts its therapeutic effects by potentiating the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on GABA(A) receptors, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain. GABA(A) receptors are a component of GABA-gated ionotropic chloride channels that produce inhibitory postsynaptic potentials - following activation by GABA, the channel undergoes a conformational change that allows the passage of chloride ions through the channel. The inhibitory potentials produced by GABA neurotransmission play an integral role in the suppression and control of epileptiform nerve firing such as that seen in epilepsy, which makes the GABA system a desirable target in the treatment of epilepsy. Benzodiazepines are positive allosteric modulators of GABA(A) function. They bind to the interface between alpha (α) and gamma (γ) subunits on the receptor, commonly referred to as the benzodiazepine binding site, and modulate the receptor such that its inhibitory response to GABA binding is dramatically increased.

Following intravenous administration, the distribution half-life is of remimazolam is 0.5 - 2 minutes and the terminal elimination half-life is 37 - 53 minutes. Half-life is increased in patients with hepatic impairment necessitating careful dose titration in this population. The half-life of remimazolam's major inactive metabolite, CNS7054, is 2.4 - 3.8 hours.