Huagongshe화공사 화학 정보 인쇄 보고서 · 연구 참고용
석회석
석회석 · 탄산칼슘 · 탄산 칼슘 · CALCITE · CHALK · ARAGONITE · Micromarble · PARIS WHITE
식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 1317-65-3 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | CaCO3 |
| 평균 분자량 | 100.09 g/mol |
| 단동위원소 질량 | 99.94733484 g/mol |
| SMILES | O=C([O-])[O-].[Ca+2] |
| InChIKey | VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
| PubChem CID | 10112 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1200539 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:3311 |
| EC No. | 207-439-9 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID3036238 |
| 현지명 | 석회석 |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| 극성 표면적 | 63.2 |
|---|---|
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 0 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 3 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 0 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 5 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 18.8 |
| 물질 분류 | Mineral Dusts -> Other Mineral Dusts |
| Polymers | Plastics -> Pigments agentsPlastics -> Polyolefin-IPURPolyolefin-IIPVC (soft)ABSPVC (rigid)PETPMMAPAPC(E)PS |
| 화장품 | Cosmetic ingredients (Calcium Carbonate) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)BufferingOpacifyingOral careViscosity controllingAbsorbentCosmetic colorantBulkingAbrasive |
| pH | pH = 8 to 9 |
| 농약 | Agrochemicals -> Pesticide active substancesActive substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approvedActive substance -> EU Pesticides database: Approved |
| 냄새 | Odorless |
| 맛 | Chalky tasteTasteless |
| 식품 첨가물 | Foods, Drugs -> FDA Regulatory Status of Color AdditivesUse unspecified -> FDA Substance added to foodANTICAKING AGENT OR FREE-FLOW AGENT, COLOR OR COLORING ADJUNCT, DRYING AGENT, FORMULATION AID, HUMECTANT, LEAVENING AGENT, LUBRICANT OR RELEASE AGENT, MASTICATORY SUBSTANCE, NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENT, PH CONTROL AGENT, PROCESSING AID -> FDA Substance added to food |
| 밀도 | 2.7 to 2.95 (NIOSH, 2024)Bulk density: 40-100 lb/cubic ftscreen analysis: usually 200 to 325 mesh2.8 g/cm³2.7-2.952.93 @25 °C2.93 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
| Color/Form | White hexagonal crystals or powder (Calcite)white orthrombic crystals or powder (Argonite)colorless hexagonal crystals (vaterite) |
| 용해도 | 0.001 % (NIOSH, 2024)Practically insoluble in water and in alcohol. Dissolves with effervescence in diluted acetic acid, in diluted hydrochloric acid and in diluted nitric acid, and the resulting solutions, after boiling, give positive tests for calcium.Solubility Product constant: 3.36X10-9 at 25 °CALKALI HYDROXIDE REDUCES ITS SOLUBILITYINSOL IN ALCOHOLSOLUBILITY IN H2O INCR BY AMMONIUM SALT & BY CO25 M HCl: 20°C에서 0.1°M, 투명, 무색 |
| Corrosivity | Non-corrosive |
| 녹는점 | 825 °C |
| 끓는 점 | 2850 °C |
| 물리적 상태 | 랜덤 크리스털 |
| 색상 | 회색 |
| 비열 | Cp(crystal): 0.82 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| InChI | 1S/CH2O3.Ca/c2-1(3)4/h(H2,2,3,4)/q+2/p-2 |
| InChIKey | VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
| SMILES | [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)[O-] |
| EPA | Limestone (1317-65-3) |
화학적 성질
Calcium carbonate is a white, odorless powder, or crystalline solid.
안전 및 규제
| GHS 분류 | Not ClassifiedAggregated GHS information provided per 3535 reports by companies from 27 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 100% (12 of 12) of all reports.Aggregated GHS information provided per 12 reports by companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. |
|---|---|
| 규제 정보 | Chemical: Carbonic acid, calcium salt (1:1)Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 (amended)Carbonic acid calcium salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Carbonic acid calcium salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)2002/20762008/127, Reg. (EU) 2017/195, Reg. (EU) 2020/1160, Reg. (EU) 2021/1448, Reg. (EU) 2021/745, Reg. (EU) No 369/2012, Reg. (EU) No 540/2011Status: Active Update: 28-04-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/16050 |
| 기타 안전 정보 | IMAP assessments - Carbonic acid, calcium salt (1:1): Human health tier I assessment |
| 화재 위험 | Not combustible. |
| 화재 가능성 | Not combustible. |
| 건강 유해성 | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Calcium carbonate: |
| 유해성 요약 | No adverse effects associated with exposure to calcium carbonate have been identified. [Harber, p. 354] Important natural forms are calcite and aragonite, which may be contaminated with magnesium, iron, chromium, manganese, sulfur, zinc, lead, and sometimes crystalline silica. Chemically produced calcium carbonate is 98-99% pure. [CHEMINFO] |
| FDA 요건 | Certification of this color additive when used as a color additive in drugs is not necessary for the protection of the public health, and therefore batches thereof are exempt from the certification pursuant to section 721(c) of the act.An ingredient whose use in food or food packaging is subject to a prior sanction or approval within the meaning of section 201(s)(4) of the Act is exempt from classification as a food additive. ... Substances classified as stabilizers, when migrating from food-packaging material shall include: ... calcium carbonate.Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: calcium carbonate is included in antidiarrheal drug products.For more FDA Requirements (Complete) data for CALCIUM CARBONATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 반응성 그룹 | Carbonate Salts |
| Special Reports | Optimal Calcium Uptake. Current Bibliographies in Medicine 94-4. Public Services Division/National Library of Medicine. 775 citations from January, 1990-April, 1994.[Available from, as of April 4, 2003: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/cbm/calcium.html] |
| EPA Safer Chemical | Chemical: Calcium carbonate |
| FIFRA 요건 | Residues of calcium carbonate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: solid diluent, carrier.Residues of calcium carbonate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals. Use: solid diluent, carrier. |
| OSHA Standards | Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-Hr Time Weighted Avg: 15 mg/cu m, total dust. /Calcium carbonate, RN 1317-65-3/Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-Hr Time Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m, respirable fraction. /Calcium carbonate, RN 1317-65-3/ |
| 소화 | In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. |
| 응급 조치 | Fresh air.Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).Rinse mouth. |
| 응급 처치 | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Calcium carbonate:(General first aid procedures) |
| 안전 보관 | Separated from acids, aluminium, ammonium salts, fluorine and magnesium. |
| 소화 절차 | In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. |
| 보관 조건 | Separated from acids, aluminium and ammonium salts. |
| 정리 방법 | Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. |
| 처리 방법 | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. |
| 누출 처리 | Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. |
| Preventive Measures | SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. |
| Eye Prevention | Wear safety goggles. |
| Inhalation Risk | A nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered. |
| Treatment | Cadmium poisoning is treated by removal from exposure and supportive care. If ingested, induced vomiting or gastric lavage may be performed. (L139) |
| 상호 작용 | ... A mixture of 2 parts magnesium oxide and 1 part calcium carbonate produces relatively normal stool for many patients.Milk-alkali syndrome may occur after prolonged admin of calcium carbonate with concomitant use of sodium bicarbonate and/or homogenized milk containing Vit D.Certain anions in antacids (carbonate and hydroxide) ... are thought to form insoluble complexes when combined with iron. A study evaluating the effect of antacids and iron absorption used patients with mild iron deficiency and found that when Mylanta II (5 mL) was given with 10 mg of iron, the increase in plasma iron seen two hours after the dose was not significantly different from the iron level seen two hours after a control dose. ... calcium carbonate 500 mg also decreased the two-hour plasma levels, with serum iron levels attaining only one-third of the control dose.Concurrent use of excessive amounts of /alcohol, caffeine (usually more than 8 cups of coffee a day), or tobacco/ has been reported to decrease calcium absorption.For more Interactions (Complete) data for CALCIUM CARBONATE (45 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 표적 장기 | Eyes, skin, respiratory system |
| 생태독성 수치 | LC50Species: Gambusia affinis (Western mosquitofish)Conditions: staticConcentration: >56,000 mg/L for 24-96 hr |
| 유해 작용 | Due to the short-term, periodic nature of calcium carbonate/antacid use and the small dose of calcium carbonate used for supplementation, most adverse effects are minor. However, an overdose can occur if large doses are taken for an extended time or abused. The patient can experience moderate to severe side effects of an overdose. These include: |
| 노출 경로 | inhalation, skin and/or eye contactOral (L6)inhalation (L6)dermal (L6) |
| 독성 요약 | The CIR Expert Panel concluded that the following 6 carbonate salts are safe in the present practices of use and concentration, as described in this safety assessment, when formulated to be non-irritating...Calcium Carbonate...Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualificationsThe FDA recognizes calcium carbonate as a generally safe drug and food additive. A maximum dose of 8 to 10 g per day of calcium carbonate can be administered for short-term use. However, long-term use of over 2 grams can lead to adverse effects such as hypercalcemia, renal calculi, hypophosphatemia, and nephrotoxicity, especially in individuals with chronic kidney disease. Fetotoxicity has also been observed in pregnant women taking over 1500 mg/kg of body weight per day of calcium carbonate.Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and is transported to the kidney. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Accumulation of cadmium in the kidney results in increased excretion of vital low and high weight molecular proteins. Cadmium is a high affinity zinc analog and can interfere in its biological processes. It also binds to and activates the estrogen receptor, likely stimulating the growth of certain types of cancer cells and causing other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. Cadmium causes cell apoptosis by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases. (L8, A18, A19, A28) |
| 생태독성 발췌 | /AQUATIC SPECIES/ This study was undertaken to determine whether calcium could render any protection against copper (Cu) toxicity in Nile tilapia with emphasis on histopathological and histochemical analysis. The copper LC50 values for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr to tilapia in the laboratory were 210.27, 213.34, 193.30, and 185. 75 mg/L, respectively. Prior to Cu exposure, fish were exposed to 0 (G1 and G3) and 30 mg/L calcium carbonate (G2 and G4) for 4 days. After that, fish were exposed to 46 mg/L copper, which corresponds to 25% of the 96 hr LC50 (G3 and G4) for 96 hr and 7 days. In the gills of the copper treatment group, primary filament cell hyperplasia, epithelial lifting, or edema, secondary lamellar fusion, and aneurysm were observed. Swollen hepatocytes showing vacuoles and congestion in sinusoids were observed. Necrosis was observed in some areas. In the kidney, glomerulus's atrophy, tubular swelling, and also necrosis were seen. Fish that were pre-exposed to calcium showed slight alteration when compared to copper alone-treatment groups. Histochemical staining for calcium and copper by alizarin red S and rhodanine staining, respectively, indicated no accumulation of calcium and copper in kidney, liver, gills, and muscle. In conclusion, calcium appears to be beneficial in reducing the effects of heavy metal contaminations in aquatic organisms./AQUATIC SPECIES/ To determine the effects of water hardness on the toxicities of cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) to a freshwater fish, Capoeta fusca. Toxicity was investigated by static bioassay. Fish were exposed to cobalt (as CoCl2) and nickel (as NiCl2) for 96 hr in waters with two levels of hardness ("hard" and "very hard", nominally 130 mg/L and 350 mg/L as CaCO3, respectively). Water hardness had a significant effect on the acute toxicity of both elements. The 96 hr LC50 values for Co were 91.7 mg/L and 204.8 mg/L in hard and very hard waters, respectively, and for Ni the 96 hr LC50 values were 78.0 mg/L and 127.2 mg/L, respectively. The fish were more sensitive to Co and Ni toxicity in hard water than in very hard watervery hard water protects C. fusca against the toxicity of Co and Ni./AQUATIC SPECIES/ The potential modifying effects of certain water quality parameters (e.g., hardness, alkalinity, pH) on the acute toxicity of boron were tested using a freshwater cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia dubia. By comparison, boron acute toxicity was less affected by water quality characteristics than some metals (e.g., copper and silver). Increases in alkalinity over the range tested did not alter toxicity. Increases in water hardness appeared to have an effect with very hard waters (>500 mg/L as CaCO3).../AQUATIC SPECIES/ In this study, the toxicity of mercuric chloride (HgCl2), an important pollutant threatening water resources for many years, and the effects of water temperature and hardness on the toxicity in cultured rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (4.79 +/- 0.16 g7.38 +/- 0.24 cmmean +/- SD) were investigated at different temperatures (12 and 17 °C) and hardness concentrations (35, 70 and 120 mg/ L as calcium carbonate, CaCO3). For this purpose, the acute toxicity tests were performed by 96-hr static tests in different water temperatures and water hardness concentrations. For acute toxicity tests, solutions ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 mg/L were used at 12 °C and solutions ranging from 0.4 to 1.0 mg/L at 17 °C. The LC50 values of HgCl2 that killed 50% of rainbow trout within 96 hr in the hardness concentrations of 35, 70 and 120 mg/L CaCO3 were calculated using probit analysis, and were found to be 0.725, 0.788, 0.855 mg/L at 12 °C and 0.670, 0.741, 0.787 mg/L at 17 °C, respectively. Consequently, the toxicity of HgCl2 on rainbow trout decreased when the temperature decreased from 17 to 12 °C. Toxicity increased when the hardness decreased from 120 to 35 mg/L CaCO3. In contrast to temperature, water hardness presents a negative effect on the toxicity of HgCl2.For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CALCIUM CARBONATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough.Redness.irritation eyes, skin, respiratory systemAcute inhalation of cadmium fumes results in metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Ingestion of cadmium causes vomiting and diarrhea. (L6) |
| ICSC Environmental Data | Environmental effects from the substance have not been investigated adequately. |
| Natural Pollution Sources | EGG SHELLS ARE 94% CALCIUM CARBONATE. LIMESTONE...IS NATURAL SOURCE OF TECHNICAL OR AGRICULTURAL GRADES.Calcium carbonate ... occurs naturally as the principal constituent of limestone, marble and chalkCalcium carbonate /is present in/ ... oyster shells and dolomiteExists in nature as minerals aragonite, calcite and vaterite. Two crystal forms are of commercial importance: aragonite, orthorhombic...calcite hexagonal-rhombohedral...The solubility of calcium carbonate in water containing carbon dioxide causes the formation of caves with stalactites and stalagmites and is responsible for hardness in water |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | /HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Thirty-two healthy volunteers were exposed to 0 (control), 500, 1000, and 5000 ug/cu m calcium carbonate dust for 3 hours and nasal saccharin transport time (STT), rhinomanometry, and visual analog scales (VAS) on nasal discomfort were obtained. A dose dependent decrease of STT (P = 0.02) and nasal patency (P = 0.04), and increased sensation of nasal obstruction (P = 0.002) and dryness (P = 0.03) was observed. The results indicate that acute exposure to low-toxicity particulate matter in concentrations frequently encountered in western agglomeration areas may affect nasal functions and cause nasal symptoms./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Admin of calcium carbonate promotes positive phosphate balanceplasma phosphate concn may or may not be incr, but hyperphosphatemia is usual finding in patients with milk-alkali syndrome./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Enough is absorbed to cause systemic and renal effects ... a slight-to-moderate metabolic alkalosis occurs during treatment with CaCO3, but it is slow to develop./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ When phosphate intake is low /during chronic calcium carbonate admin/, hypophosphatemia may occur. Hypercalciuria and alkaluria predispose to nephrolithiasis.For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CALCIUM CARBONATE (27 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 직업 노출 등급(OEB) | B |
| 직업 노출 한계(OEL) | TWA: 10 mg/m3 (total) |
| 수질 위해 등급(WGK) | - |
| TSCA 등재 상태 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 번호 | FF9335000 |
| 위험 문구(R) | 37/38-41 |
| 위험 표시 | Xi |
| 안전 문구(S) | 26-36/37/39 |
| 기존화학 물질 | KE-21996 |
| 저장 분류 | 13 - Non Combustible Solids |
용도
개요
Calcite is one of the most common minerals on the face of the earth, comprising about 4% by weight of the earth’s crust and is formed in many different geological environments. Calcite can form rocks of considerable mass and constitutes a significant part of all three major rock classification types. It forms oolitic, fossiliferous and massive limestones in sedimentary environments and even serves as the internal cement for many sandstones and shales.Calcite is even a major component in the igneous rock called carbonatite and forms the major portion of many hydrothermal veins. Not necessarily a variety of calcite, cave formations are certainly a unique aspect of calcite’s story.
용도
Source of lime; neutralizing agent, filler, and extender in rubber, plastics, paints; opacifying agent in paper; fortification of bread; putty; tooth pow- ders; antacid; whitewash; Portland cement; sulfur dioxide removal from stack gases; metallurgical flux; analytical chemistry; carbon dioxide gener- ation (laboratory).
일반 설명
Odorless, white to tan powder.
제조 및 합성 방법
제조 방법
The calcite present is derived mostly from the remains of organisms such as clams, brachiopods, bryozoa, crinoids and corals. These animals live on the bottom of the sea and when they die their shells accumulate into piles of shelly debris. This debris can then form beds of limestone. Some limestones may have been derived from nonbiogenic calcite formation.