세노디올

Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholagogues and Choleretics; Cholic Acids; Gastrointestinal Agents

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

EMA approved medicines: Human medicine (Orphan designations)

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

168-171

165 - 167 °C

203.3 Ų [M-H]- [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: ESI-; Dataset: Bile Acids]

208.5 Ų [M+K-H+HCOO]- [CCS Type: DT; Method: single field calibrated]

195.52 Ų [M+Na]+ [CCS Type: TW; Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 8.3% (1 of 12) of reports.

Warning

H302 (16.7%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P203, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 12 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Hazard Traits - Developmental Toxicity

REACH registered substance: Chenodeoxycholic acid (EC: 207-481-8)

In multiple clinical trials of chenodiol therapy for dissolution of gallstones, serum aminotransferase elevations occurred in up to 30% of patients. The elevations generally arose within 2 months of starting therapy and were typically mild, transient and not accompanied by symptoms or jaundice. Liver biopsies done during chenodiol therapy generally showed mild, nonspecific changes. Clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice was not reported. The liver enzyme elevations were generally dose related and usually did not recur on restarting chenodiol at lower doses. While the serum enzyme abnormalities that occurred on chenodiol therapy generated considerable concern, they appeared to be relatively benign. Since the approval of chenodiol and its more widespread use, at least four instances of liver injury with jaundice have been reported to the sponsor, but the clinical features and outcomes of these cases have not been published. Nevertheless, the product label for chenodiol includes a boxed warning about hepatotoxicity although it does not provide advice on the frequency or how to respond to abnormalities. Thus, the reliability of reports of clinically apparent liver injury with chenodiol therapy remains unclear. Once ursodiol was found to be equally as effective as chenodiol, even at lower doses, and was rarely associated with serum enzyme elevations, it rapidly replaced chenodiol as medical therapy for gallstones.

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

QA - Alimentary tract and metabolism

Chenodiol suppresses hepatic synthesis of both cholesterol and cholic acid, gradually replacing the latter and its metabolite, deoxycholic acid in an expanded bile acid pool. These actions contribute to biliary cholesterol desaturation and gradual dissolution of radiolucent cholesterol gallstones in the presence of a gall-bladder visualized by oral cholecystography. Bile acids may also bind the the bile acid receptor (FXR) which regulates the synthesis and transport of bile acids.

Chenodiol is well absorbed from the small intestine and taken up by the liver where it is converted to its taurine and glycine conjugates and secreted in bile. At steady-state, an amount of chenodiol near the daily dose escapes to the colon and is converted by bacterial action to lithocholic acid. About 80% of the lithocholate is excreted in the feces; the remainder is absorbed and converted in the liver to its poorly absorbed sulfolithocholyl conjugates. During chenodiol therapy there is only a minor increase in biliary lithocholate, while fecal bile acids are increased three- to fourfold.

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CHENODIOL

Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - Bile Acid

Chemical Structure [CS] - Bile Acids and Salts

Chenodiol is a Bile Acid.

CHENODIOL

Agents that are used to stimulate evacuation of the bowels.

Drugs used for their effects on the gastrointestinal system, as to control gastric acidity, regulate gastrointestinal motility and water flow, and improve digestion.