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HCID 1031생성일: 2026년 10월 27일

1-프로판올

1-프로판올 · n-프로필알코올 · 노말-프로필알콜 · 에틸칼비놀(EthylCarbinol),프로필알콜(PropylAlcohol),프로파놀(Propanol),N-프로파놀(N-Propanol),1-하이드록시프로판(1-Hydroxypropane),1-프로파놀(1-Propanol),프로필릭알콜(PropylicAlcohol),1-프로필알콜(1-PropylAlcohol), · N-프로판올 · 노말프로필알코올 · 프로필알코올 · PROPANOL

https://huagongshe.com/ko/chemical/1031

1-프로판올 분자 구조식

식별자 및 물리적 특성

CAS No.71-23-8
분자식C3H8O
평균 분자량60.1 g/mol
단동위원소 질량60.05751488 g/mol
SMILESCCCO
InChIKeyBDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID1031
ChEMBLCHEMBL14687
ChEBICHEBI:28831
EC No.200-746-9
DTXSIDDTXSID2021739
현지명1-프로판올

화학 및 물리적 성질

XLogP0.3
극성 표면적20.2
수소 결합 공여자 수1
수소 결합 수용자 수1
회전 가능 결합 수1
무거운 원자 수4
형식 전하0
복잡도7.2
물질 분류Flammable agents - 3rd degree
의약품Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15
지질Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Fatty alcohols [FA05]
SolventsSolvents -> Alcohols (<C12)
화장품Cosmetic ingredients (Propyl Alcohol) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)AntifoamingSolvent
SpringerMaterials PropertiesCoriolis coupling
향료Fragrance Ingredient (Propyl alcohol) -> IFRA transparency List
LogP(분배 계수)log Kow= 0.250.28
냄새Similar to ethanolOdor perception threshold: <0.07-100 mg/cu-modor recognition threshold: 0.32-150 mg/cu m에틸알코올과 비슷합니다.
맛CHARACTERISTIC RIPE, FRUITY FLAVORTaste detection: 7.50X10+3 ppm, purity of sample not specifiedBurning taste
식품 첨가물FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, SOLVENT OR VEHICLE -> FDA Substance added to food
밀도0.803 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than waterwill float0.8053 @ 20 °C/4 °C% IN "SATURATED" AIR: 2.7 (25 °C)DENSITY OF "SATURATED" AIR: 1.028 (AIR= 1) @ 25 °C1 MG/L= 408 PPM & 1 PPM= 2.45 MG/CU M @ 25 °C, 760 MM HGCoefficient of cubical expansion: 9.56X10-7 at 0-94 °Ccritical density: 0.2734electrical conductivity: 2X10-3 mho/cm at 25 °Cspecific heat: 0.586 cal/g/deg C at 25 °Cwt/gal: 6.7 lb at 20 °CHeat capacity, liquid @ 25 °C = 141 J/mol-Kflash point, Tag open cup = 28.9 °Cautoignition temp = 371.1 °Cexplosive limit, in air = 2.2 vol% (lower), 14.0 vol% (upper)electrical conductivity @ 25 °C = 2X10-8 mhocritical density = 0.275 g/cu-cmRelative density (water = 1): 0.8 (20 °C)0.804 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
녹는점-127 °C(lit.)
끓는 점97 °C(lit.)
증기 밀도2.1 (vs air)
증기압10 mm Hg ( 147 °C)
굴절률n20/D 1.384(lit.)
FEMA2928 | PROPYL ALCOHOL
인화점59 °F
저장 조건Store at +5°C to +30°C.
용해도H2O: 테스트 통과
물리적 상태액체
pKa(산도 계수)>14 (Schwarzenbach et al., 1993)
색상<10(APHA)
pH7 (200g/l, H2O, 20℃)
생물학적 소스synthetic
후각 역치0.094ppm
향취 유형알코올 중독자
폭발한계2.1-19.2%(V)
용해도녹는
비열Cp(liquid): 2.39 J/(g·K)Cp(gas): 1.42 J/(g·K), at 25℃
JECFA Number82
Merck14,7842
BRN1098242
헨리 상수6.75 (static headspace-GC, Merk and Riederer, 1997)
유전율20.1(25℃)
안정성안정적인. 공기와 접촉하면 과산화물을 형성할 수 있습니다. 알칼리 금속, 알칼리 토류, 알루미늄, 산화제, 니트로 화합물과 호환되지 않습니다. 가연성이 높습니다. 증기/공기 혼합물은 폭발성이 있습니다.
주요 응용향료 및 향
화장품 원료 기능용제소포제
InChI1S/C3H8O/c1-2-3-4/h4H,2-3H2,1H3
InChIKeyBDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILESCCCO
LogP(분배 계수)0.33
표면장력23.7mN/m at 293.15K
NIST1-Propanol(71-23-8)
EPA1-Propanol (71-23-8)

화학적 성질

1-Propanol is a clear, colorless liquid with an alcoholic odor and a characteristic ripe, fruity flavor. It is soluble in water and miscible with organic solvents (Propanols). It has better dissolution properties than ethanol for fats and oils, and dissolves polar resins in the same way as ethanol. Cellulose nitrate and poly(vinyl acetate) are, however, almost insoluble. For economic reasons propanol is of only limited use as a solvent, and is a starting material for esters.

안전 및 규제

GHS 분류DangerH225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 3950) of reports.H225 (> 99.9%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]
규제 정보Chemical: 1-PropanolRegulation (EC) No 178/2002 (amended)1-Propanol is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 1-Propanol are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 08-05-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/145861-Propanol: HSNO Approval: HSR001215 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)
기타 안전 정보IMAP assessments - 1-Propanol: Environment tier I assessment
운송 라벨(DOT)Flammable Liquid
화재 위험Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.Highly flammable. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with strong acids or strong oxidants.
화재 가능성Dangerous upon exposure to heat or flamecan react vigorously with oxidizing materials.Ignites on contact with potassium-tert-butoxide.
건강 유해성Contact with eyes is extremely irritating and may cause burns. Vapors irritate nose and throat. In high concentrations, may cause nausea, dizziness, headache, and stupor. (USCG, 1999)· May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin.
유해성 요약A mucous membrane irritant similar to isopropyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol produces narcosis in animals inhaling high concentrations. It causes severe liver injury in chronic feeding studies of laboratory animals. [ACGIH] Irritating to the eyes

용도

개요

1-propanol is the compound with the hydrogen atom in the propane molecules being replaced by hydroxyl group. Because the hydroxyl group can substitute the hydrogen atoms contained in the carbons in the two terminals of carbon chain or middle carbon, thus generating two isomers, n-propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol.The chemical property of the 1-propanol is similar to that of ethanol. It is the byproduct during the process of the methanol synthesis from carbon monoxide and hydrogen. At room temperature and normal pressure, it appears as colorless transparent liquid with fragrance odor. In industry, it is prepared through the reaction between ethylene, carbon monoxide and hydrogen under high pressure and cobalt catalysis; alternatively through the hydration of propylene under the action of sulfate or through the catalytic hydrogenation of acetone. It is commonly used as a solvent with irritating effect on the eyes and mucosa. Inhalation of propyl alcohol steam can lead to dizziness, headache and vomiting, etc.

출처

Reported found in the natural aromas of apple, cognac and rum; also formed during alcoholic fermentation. Also reported found in apple, apricot, banana, sweet cherry, papaya, pineapple, orange juice, lingonberry, cranberry, grapes, peas, pineapple, raspberry, strawberry, onion, leek, tomato, ginger, vinegar, many cheeses, butter, fatty fish, fish oil, cooked beef, mutton and pork, beer, several types of bread, pear brandy, Scotch blended whiskey, malt whiskey, cognac, armagnac, weinbrand rum, bourbon whiskey, Irish whiskey, rum, grape wines, cider, sherry, cocoa, tea, roasted filberts and peanuts, honey, soybean, oats, passion fruit, plum, beans, mushroom, apple and plum brandy, gin, rice, rice bran, quince, prickly pear, jackfruit, sake, buckwheat, loquat, wild rice, anise brandy, endive, truffle, arrack, clam, cape gooseberry and Chinese quince.

용도

1-Propanol is used in making n-propyl acetate; and as a solvent for waxes, resins, vegetable oils, and flexographic printing ink. It is produced from the fermentation and spoilage of vegetable matter.

일반 설명

N-propanol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sharp musty odor like rubbing alcohol. Flash point 53-77 °F. Autoignites at 700 °F. Vapors are heavier than air and mildly irritate the eyes, nose, and throat. Density approximately 6.5 lb / gal. Used in making cosmetics, skin and hair preparations, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, lacquer formulations, dye solutions, antifreezes, rubbing alcohols, soaps, window cleaners, acetone and other chemicals and products.

제조 및 합성 방법

제조 방법

1-Propanol is produced commercially by the oxo process by reacting ethylene with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to give propionaldehyde, which is then hydrogenated. 1-Propanol [71-23-8] is the major product of catalytic reduction of propanal (→Propanols). Reduction is carried out most economically by a continuous vapor-phase process over a heterogeneous catalyst of supported reduced nickel, copper, and/or zinc and manganese metals.

Inhalation of high concentrations can cause CNS depression
[ICSC]
운송 번호 및 가이드(DOT)1274 129
FDA 요건Propyl alcohol is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and 2) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.Propyl alcohol is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.Normal propyl alcohol may be safely used in feeds and feed supplements for cattle as a source of metabolizable energy. It is incorporated in the fed or feed supplement in an amount which provides not more than 54.5 g of the additive per head per day.
반응성 그룹Alcohols and Polyols
UN 분류UN Hazard Class: 3UN Pack Group: II
EPA Safer ChemicalChemical: Propyl alcohol
소화Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.
응급 조치Fresh air, rest.First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again.Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.
누출 비상 조치· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
응급 처치Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for n-Propyl alcohol:General First Aid:(General first aid procedures)
안전 보관Separated from strong oxidants and strong acids. Well closed. Fireproof. Cool. Ventilation along the floor.
Firefighting HazardsFlash back along vapor trail may occur.
노출 관리 및 개인 보호· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
소화 절차To fight fire use alcohol foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical./During/ fire fighting self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode /should be worn./
보관 조건Keep containers closed, store in cool, well ventilated place away from ignition sources.
정리 방법Absorb on paper. Evaporate on a glass or iron dish in hood. Burn the paper.Countermeasures recommended for treating spills: activated charcoal, biological treatment agent, gelling agent, absorbing agent, dispersing agent.
비화재 누출 대응Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:
처리 방법SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.1. By absorbing it in vermiculite, dry sand, earth or a similar material and disposing in an ... /approved/ sanitary landfill. 2. By atomizing in a suitable combustion chamber.The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for n-propanol: Biological treatment.Incineration: Waste liquid can be atomized in an incinerator or can be disposed of by way of a licensed solvent disposal company or can be reclaimed.
체내 부담n-Propanol was detected in 1 of 12 samples of mother's milk from 4 urban areas in the United States(1). The avg and range of n-propanol concns in human breath due to metabolic processes is 130 ug/cu-m and not detected-1,270 ug/cu m (8 subjects in zero air), respectively (2).
상호 작용N-PROPANOL INHIBITED N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE METABOLISM IN ISOLATED PERFUSED RAT LIVER.IN VITRO ... WITH RAT LIVER SLICES BIOTRANSFORMATION OF CHLORAL HYDRATE TO TRICHLOROETHANOL WAS FOUND TO BE ENHANCED MORE EFFECTIVELY BY N-PROPANOL AND N-BUTANOL THAN BY ETHANOL ...ADDING 1 G/L OF PROPAN-1-OL, PROPAN-2-OL, BUTAN-1-OL, BUTAN-2-OL, ISOBUTANOL TO 40% ETHANOL IN ORANGE JUICE LOWERED AND DELAYED BLOOD ETHANOL MAX IN 10 20-30 YR-OLD MEN WHO DRANK 3.75 ML/KG OF SYNTHETIC BEVERAGE.CUTANEOUS REACTIONS TO N-PROPANOL WERE EVALUATED IN A CONTROL GROUP & IN PATIENTS BEFORE & DURING RECEIPT OF DISULFIRAM THERAPY. LOCAL CUTANEOUS ERYTHEMA WAS OBSERVED FROM PATCH TESTS WITH N-PROPANOL IN HYDRATED SKIN. SINCE REACTIONS NOTED FROM TOPICALLY APPLIED ALCOHOLS BEFORE & DURING DISULFIRAM THERAPY WERE NOT STATISTICALLY DIFFERENT, A LOCALIZED DISULFIRAM-ALCOHOL REACTION IS UNLIKELY. ERYTHEMA RESULTING FROM TOPICALLY APPLIED ALCOHOLS OCCURRED IN A DOSE RELATED MANNER & WAS CAUSED BY A DIRECT VASODILATORY EFFECT ON THE CUTANEOUS MICROVASCULATURE.
표적 장기Eyes, skin, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system
생태독성 수치LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnows) 4.48 g/l/96 hr (95% confidence limit 4.10-4.88 g/l)age 30 days old, water hardness 47.0 mg/l (CaCO3), temp 27.7 °C, pH 7.40, dissolved oxygen 5.4 mg/l, alkalinity 43.0 mg/l (CaCO3), tank vol: 1.0 l, additions: 36 vol/day (flow-through bioassay)LC50 Ambystoma mexicanum (Mexican axolotl) 4000 mg/l/48 hr (3-4 wk after hatching) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/LC50 Clawed toads 4000 mg/l/48 hr (3-4 wk after hatching) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/LD100 Semotilus atromaculatus (creek chub) 500 mg/l/24 hr in Detroit river water /Conditions of bioassay not specified/For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for N-PROPANOL (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
환경 거동TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 33(SRC) determined from a log Kow of 0.25(2), and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that n-propanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-propanol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 7.41X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(4). The potential for volatilization of n-propanol from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 21 mm Hg(5). n-Propanol is readily degraded in aerobic systems(6-9)the range of half-lives for aerobic degradation using a sewage sludge inoculum are <1 day to 11 days(SRC). n-Propanol has also been shown to be readily degraded under anaerobic conditions(9).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 33(SRC), determined from an measured log Kow of 0.25(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that n-propanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 7.41X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 62 hours and 31 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC) from a log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). n-Propanol is readily degraded in aerobic systems(7-10)the range of half-lives for aerobic degradation using a sewage sludge inoculum are <1 day to 11 days(SRC). n-Propanol has also been shown to be readily degraded under anaerobic conditions(10).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-propanol, which has a vapor pressure of 21.0 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase n-propanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.9 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.53X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).
식품 조사 수치Alcoholic beverages nearly always contain n-propanol as a product of fermentation(1). Beer contains up to 195 mg/l, wine up to 116 mg/l, various types of spirits up to 3520 mg/l, and neat ethanol up to 2910 mg/l(1). n-Propanol is present at low levels as a flavor volatile in a variety of foodstuffs and non-alcoholic drinks, eg: kefir culture, cream culture, filberts (roasted), raw milk, heat-treated milk, Kumazasa Sasa albomarginata, heated triolein, boiled buckwheat flour, tomato (ripe, juice, puree, and paste), Kogyoku apple, apple and apple juice, white bread, butter, cheddar/Swiss cheese, soy sauce, fish sauce, pigweed, winged bean (raw/roasted), soybean (raw, roasted), potato tuber, roasted watermelon seeds, babco fruit, tilsit cheese, endive, Valancia orange juice(1).n-Propanol was identified in fermentation brine of pimentos used for stuffing olives(2). n-Propanol was found in 31 commercial brines - 180 to 380 mg n-propanol/l ethyl alcoholCahors wine: 33 mg n-propanol/l wineCorbiers wine: 12 mg n-propanol/l wineJamaican Rum: 31,300 mg n-propanol/l ethyl alcohol(2). The mean concn of n-propanol in headspace volatiles of Cabernet Sauvignon wines from the Napa Valley, CA ranged from 0.001 to 0.778 mg/l(3). n-Propanol has been detected (not quantified) in milk products including kefir and yogurt, and traces have been detected in fermented eggs(4). The range of concns of n-propanol in the volatile components of orange juices were 50-1140 ppb(5).
유해 작용Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome
노출 경로The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, by ingestion and through the skin.inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact
Milk Concentrationsn-Propanol was detected in 1 of 12 samples of mother's milk from 4 urban areas in the United States(1).
독성 요약Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org
Signs and SymptomsDizziness. Drowsiness. Headache. Nausea. Weakness. Incoordination. Confusion.Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.Aspiration hazard! Abdominal pain. Sore throat. Vomiting. See Inhalation.irritation eyes, nose, throatdry cracking skindrowsiness, headacheataxia, gastrointestinal painabdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrheaIn Animals: narcosis
Effluent Concentrationsn-Propanol was found in 4 of 6 leachate samples from Minnesota landfills with a range of concns from 76-37,000 ug/l(1). n-Propanol was also found in groundwater suspected of leachate contamination (based on levels of inorganics) at a concn of 55 ug/l (2 of 13 samples), but not detected in ground water where inorganics levels indicated good or unknown water quality(1). The concn of n-propanol in municipal landfill leachates (compiled from 13 sources) was 11 mg/l(2). n-Propanol was identified in the volatile emissions from kitchen waste, kitchen waste exudate, and garden waste(3).
FIFRA 요건Residues of n-propanol are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solvent or cosolvent in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.n-Propanol is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solvent for blended emulsifiers in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only.n-Propanol is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solvent for blended emulsifiers in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals.
대기 기준This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. n-Propyl alcohol is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.
직업 노출 등급(OEB)A
직업 노출 한계(OEL)TWA: 200 ppm (500 mg/m3), STEL: 250 ppm (625 mg/m3) [skin]
수질 위해 등급(WGK)1
즉시 생명 위험 농도800 ppm
TSCA 등재 상태TSCA listed
RTECS 번호UH8225000
운송 번호(UN)UN 1274 3/PG II/III (n-PROPANOL (PROPYL ALCOHOL, NORMAL))
독성LD50 orally in rats: 1.87 g/kg (Smyth)
관세 코드29051200
위험 문구(R)11-41-67
위험 표시F,Xi
안전 문구(S)7-16-24-26-39
포장분류II
위험 등급3Eye Dam. 1Flam. Liq. 2STOT SE 3
기존화학 물질KE-29362
F 고인화성물질10-23
자연 발화 온도700 °F
저장 분류3 - Flammable liquids
유해 물질 데이터71-23-8(Hazardous Substances Data)