염화 사이아노겐
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식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 506-77-4 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | CClN |
| 평균 분자량 | 61.47 g/mol |
| 단동위원소 질량 | 60.97192668 g/mol |
| SMILES | N#CCl |
| InChIKey | QPJDMGCKMHUXFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 10477 |
| EC No. | 208-052-8 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID4021551 |
| 현지명 | 염화 사이아노겐 |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| XLogP | 1 |
|---|---|
| 극성 표면적 | 23.8 |
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 0 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 1 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 0 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 3 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 31.3 |
| 물질 분류 | Toxic Gases & Vapors -> CyanidesReactive agents - 2nd degree-> NIOSH Emergency Response Categories |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Dunham energy parameter |
| 농약 | Pesticide -> EPA IRIS |
| 냄새 | Acrid, choking odorLachrimating and irritating odorStrong acid/pungent odor |
| 밀도 | 1.222 at 32 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink1.186 at 20 °C/4 °CDensity: 1.24 g/cu cm at 0 °C1.19 g/cu cm at 15 °CEnthalpy of Fusion: 11.39 kJ/molDensity/Specific gravity: 1.128 at 4 °C/4 °CLiquid density 10.0 lb/gal. Shipped as a liquid confined under its own vapor pressure1.22 (liquid at 32 °F) |
| Color/Form | Colorless volatile liquid or gasColorless gas or liquid (below 55 °F) ...[NOTE: Shipped as a liquified gas. A solid below 20 °F.] |
| 용해도 | 7 % (NIOSH, 2024)Soluble in water, ethanol, ethyl etherSoluble in oxygenated solventsSoluble in water at 68 °FIn water, 27.5 mg/L at 25 °CIn water, 6X10+4 mg/L at 0 Csoluble in H2O, ethanol, ethyl ether |
| Corrosivity | Corrosive |
| 인화점 | Not Applicable. Not flammable. (USCG, 1999)51 °C |
| 끓는 점 | 55.6 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)13 °C13.8 °C55 °F13.1 °C @760 [mm Hg]14°C |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomposition ... it will ... produce highly toxic and corrosive fumes such as /hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide and nitrogen oxides/.Toxic gases and vapors (such as hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide) may be released when cyanide decomposes. /Cyanide/Reacts slowly with water or water vapor to form toxic hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen chloride. |
| 녹는점 | 20 °F (USCG, 1999)-6.55 °C-6 °C-6.5 °C-6° |
| 증기압 | 60kPa at 0℃ |
| 물리적 상태 | 무색 가스 |
| 색상 | colorless vol liquid or gas |
| 용해도 | 가용성 H2O, 에테르, 알코올 [MER06] |
| 비열 | Cp(gas): 0.73 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| 헨리 상수 | 1.2×10-2 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Hilal et al. (2008) |
| LogP(분배 계수) | 0.64 at 20℃ |
| NIST | Cyanogen chloride(506-77-4) |
| EPA | Cyanogen chloride (506-77-4) |
화학적 성질
Cyanogen chloride is a colorless gas or liquid (below 55℃ F/13℃ ) with a pungent, irritating odor. Shipped as a liquefied gas. A solid below—6℃ .
안전 및 규제
| GHS 분류 | DangerH280 (65.1%): Contains gas under pressuremay explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 195 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.H280: Contains gas under pressure |
|---|---|
| Hazards Identification | Toxic/poison by inhalation (TIH/PIH) |
| 규제 정보 | Chemical: Cyanogen chloride ((CN)Cl)Status: Active Update: 19-10-2016 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/18184Cyanogen chloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| 기타 안전 정보 | IMAP assessments - Cyanogen chloride ((CN)Cl): Environment tier I assessment- Indoor Air: Cyanogen chloride (CK) can be released into indoor air as a liquid spray (aerosol) or as a gas. |
| 운송 라벨(DOT) | Poison Gas Corrosive |
| 화재 위험 | For information on chemical warfare blood agents see the ERG Criminal or Terrorist Use of CBR Agents. (ERG, 2024)· Some may burn but none ignite readily.Not combustible. Heating will cause rise in pressure with risk of bursting. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. |
| 화재 가능성 | Not combustible. Heating will cause rise in pressure with risk of bursting. Gives off irritating or toxic gases including cyanide gas in a fire.Not flammable. |
| 건강 유해성 | For information on chemical warfare blood agents see the ERG Criminal or Terrorist Use of CBR Agents. (ERG, 2024)· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE |
용도
개요
Cyanide poisoning was first reported with the effects of extract of bitter almonds; then cyanide was identified and isolated from cherry laurel. Cyanogen chloride was first prepared in 1787 by the action of chlorine upon hydrocyanic acid (aka prussic acid) and was called ‘oxidized prussic acid.’ The correct formula for cyanogen chloride was first established in 1815. Cyanogen chloride was used in World War I in 1916.
역사
Cyanogen chloride (CK) is a very volatile compound, but is less a fire or explosive hazard than hydrogen cyanide and therefore logistically speaking less problematic. (Industry has found cyanogen chloride the preferred reactant in processes to make synthetic rubber). Reportedly, France combined hydrocyanic acid with cyanogen chloride in World War I ("manguinite"). The use of cyanogen chloride in this mixture was intended as an irritant to make soldiers remove their masks, exposing themselves to these very toxic gases. Cyanogen chloride was also combined with arsenic trichloride later on in the war. Like hydrocyanic acid, cyanogen chloride tends to spontaneously polymerize and therefore was combined with stabilizers (sodium pyrophosphate) for longer shelf life.
용도
Cyanogen chloride is used in organic synthesis and as a military poisonous gas. Several benzene derivatives react with chloramine or with hypochlorous acid in the presence of ammonium ion to form cyanogen chloride (Maeda et al. 1987).
일반 설명
A colorless gas or liquid with a strong acrid/pungent odor. Boils at 60°F. Liquid density 10.0 lb / gal. Shipped as a liquid confined under its own vapor pressure. A highly toxic lachrymator. Has been used as a tear gas. Vapor is heavier than air. Prolonged exposure of the container to fire or intense heat may cause violent rupturing and rocketing.
제조 및 합성 방법
생산 방법
Cyanogen chloride is produced by the action of chlorine on moist sodium cyanide suspended in carbon tetrachloride and kept cooled to -3°C, followed by distillation.