시플루트린

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

Use powder, water spray, foam, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Keep in a well-ventilated room. Well closed. Separated from strong oxidants, strong acids and strong bases. Separated from food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

Use carbon dioxide, foam, or dry chemical /on fires involving pyrethroids/. /Pyrethrum/

Fire-fighting: Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. /Pyrethrum/

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. /Pyrethrins/

PESTICIDE STORAGE: Store in a cool, dry place and away from open flame and extreme heat. Store in such a manner as to prevent cross contamination with other pesticides, fertilizers, food, and feed. Store in original container and out of the reach of children, preferably in locked storage area. Handle and open container in a manner as to prevent spillage. If container is leaking, invert container to prevent leakage. If the container is leaking or material spilled for any reason or cause, carefully dam up spilled material to prevent runoff. Refer to Precautionary Statements on /product/ label for hazards associated with the handling of this material. Do not walk through spilled material. ... /Baythroid XL/

Pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide topical preparations should be stored in well-closed containers at a temperature less than 40 °C, preferably between 15-30 °C. /Pyrethrins/

Environmental consideration - Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, or cement powder. /Pyrethrins/

Environmental consideration - Water spill: If /pyrethrins/ are dissolved, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount in the region of 10 ppm or greater concn. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Pyrethrins/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

PESTICIDE DISPOSAL: Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous. Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal Law. If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to label instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control Agency, or the Hazardous Waste representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. CONTAINER DISPOSAL - NON-REFILLABLE CONTAINER: Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer for recycling or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or incineration or, if allowed by state and local authorities, by burning. If burned, stay out of smoke. CONTAINER DISPOSAL - RETURNABLE/REFILLABLE SEALED CONTAINER: Do not rinse container. Do not break seals. Replace the dust cover/cap and return container, intact to point of purchase. /Baythroid XL/

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. If solid: sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. If liquid: collect leaking liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Causes substantial but temporary eye injury. Do not get in eyes or on clothing. Wear protective eyewear (goggles or face shield). Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. May be fatal if swallowed. Harmful if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Do not breathe vapors or spray mist. Prolonged or frequently repeated skin contact may cause allergic skin reactions in some individuals. /Baythroid XL/

User should: Wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet. Remove clothing immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash thoroughly and put on clean clothing. Remove PPE immediately after handling this product. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. As soon as possible, wash thoroughIy and change into clean clothing. /Baythroid XL/

Discard clothing and other absorbent materials that have been drenched or heavily contaminated with this products concentrate. Do not reuse them. Follow manufacture's instructions for cleaning/maintaining PPE. If no such instructions for washables, use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry. /Baythroid XL/

Agricultural Use Requirements: Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. ... Do not enter or allow worker entry into treated areas during the REI of 12 hours. PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with anything that has been treated, such as plants, soil, or water. is: Chemical-resistant gloves, such as barrier laminate or viton; Shoes plus socks; Protective eyewear. /Baythion XL/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for CYFLUTHRIN (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Following oral exposure, the treatment is symptomatic and supportive and includes monitoring for the development of hypersensitivity reactions with respiratory distress. Provide adequate airway management when needed. Gastric decontamination is usually not required unless the pyrethrin product is combined with a hydrocarbon. Following inhalation exposure, move patient to fresh air. monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. In case of eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. If the contamination occurs through dermal exposure, Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. Vitamin E topical application is highly effective in relieving parenthesis. (L363)

/Pyrethroid/ detoxification ... important in flies, may be delayed by the addition of synergists ... organophosphates or carbamates ... to guarantee a lethal effect. ... /Pyrethroid/

Piperonyl butoxide potentiates /insecticidal activity/ of pyrethrins by inhibiting the hydrolytic enzymes responsible for pyrethrins' metabolism in arthropods. When piperonyl butoxide is combined with pyrethrins, the insecticidal activity of the latter drug is increased 2-12 times /Pyrethrins/

At dietary level of 1000 ppm pyrethrins & 10000 ppm piperonyl butoxide ... /enlargement, margination, & cytoplasmic inclusions in liver cells of rats/ were well developed in only 8 days, but ... were not maximal. Changes were proportional to dosage & similar to those produced by DDT. Effects of the 2 ... were additive. /Pyrethrins/

At high doses, signs of poisoning attributable to cyfluthrin include profuse salivation and pulmonary edema, clonic seizures, opisthotonos (i.e., the spine is bent forward such that a supine body rests on its head and heels), coma, and death. At lower doses, commonly observed effects include paresthesia and erythema. As for other type 2 pyrethroids, cyfluthrin produces a severe syndrome characterized by salivation and choreoathetosis. (L863)

LC50 /Leuciscus idus/ (Golden orfe) 330.9 ng/L/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 /Lepomis macrochirus/ (Bluegill sunfish) 28 ng/L/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LD50 /Coturnix/ (Japanese quail) oral >2,000 mg/kg

LC50; Species: Americamysis bahia (Opossum shrimp, age <24 hr); Conditions: saltwater, flow through; Concentration: 0.00242 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 0.00190-0.00316 ug/L) /92% purity/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for CYFLUTHRIN (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an experimental Koc range of 3,700-33,913(2) indicates that cyfluthrin is expected to have slight to no mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of cyfluthrin from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.90X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 1.50X10-10 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 3.00X10-3 mg/L(3). Cyfluthrin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.50X10-10 mm Hg(3). Over 90% biodegradation was observed under anaerobic soil conditions during a 140 day incubation period(4). The initial products of cyfluthrin anaerobic biodegradation are 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)2,2-dimethylcyclopropancarboxcylic acid and 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid(4). Half-lives of 56-63 days, 7-90 days(5), and 116 days(6) have been reported in unspecified soil conditions and the metabolites are expected to undergo further degradation to carbon dioxide(5). Based on this data, biodegradation in soil is expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an experimetnal Koc rqange of 3,700-33,912(2), indicates that cyfluthrin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.5X10-10 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 3.0X10-3 mg/L(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 170(SRC), from its log Kow of 5.95(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). A half-life of 16 hours in aqueous solution when irradiated with light at wavelengths >290 nm(8) suggests that photolysis is expected to be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). Biodegradation half-lives of 56-63 days, 7-90 days(9) and 114 days(10) in unspecified soil conditions suggest that biodegration may be an important fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), cyfluthrin, which has a vapor pressure of 1.5X10-10 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase cyfluthrin may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Photolysis is expected to be an important environmental fate process for cyfluthrin(SRC), based on an experimental half-life of 16 hours which was measured for cyfluthrin in aqueous solution, irradiated with light at environmental wavelengths >290 nm(3).

During a 5 year monitoring study conducted between April 1995 and March 2000 which tested 750 samples of domestic and imported agricultural products in the Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, cyfluthrin was detected at concns of <0.05 ug/g one time and a concn of <0.1 ug/g twice on domestic grapes(1). These detections totaled three out of a total of 106 tested samples(1).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Inhalation (L857) ; oral (L857) ; dermal (L857) ; eye contact (L857).

A 484-kg lactating Holstein dairy cow (Bos taurus) was given 14C-cyfluthrin orally at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg bw after the evening milking each day for five consecutive days. Milk was collected in the morning and evening throughout the study. The cow was sacrificed on day 6 after initial administration, and blood, major organs, fatty tissue, and muscle were analysed for radiolabel. The maximum concentration of radioactivity in the milk was 0.079 mg/L cyfluthrin equivalents three days after initial dosing; the level then declined steadily. Of the radiolabel found in milk, 98% was on unmetabolized parent compound. The highest levels of residues were found in the liver (0.622 mg/kg), fat (0.195 mg/kg), and kidney (0.188 mg/kg); brain, skeletal muscle, and myocardium had the lowest levels, ranging from 0.015 to 0.040 mg/kg. Most of the radiolabel recovered in tissues was on unmetabolized parent compound. Heart and kidney also contained a metabolite identified as 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzenemethanol, and liver also contained 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzaldehyde.

Both type I and type II pyrethroids exert their effect by prolonging the open phase of the sodium channel gates when a nerve cell is excited. They appear to bind to the membrane lipid phase in the immediate vicinity of the sodium channel, thus modifying the channel kinetics. This blocks the closing of the sodium gates in the nerves, and thus prolongs the return of the membrane potential to its resting state. The repetitive (sensory, motor) neuronal discharge and a prolonged negative afterpotential produces effects quite similar to those produced by DDT, leading to hyperactivity of the nervous system which can result in paralysis and/or death. Other mechanisms of action of pyrethroids include antagonism of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition, modulation of nicotinic cholinergic transmission, enhancement of noradrenaline release, and actions on calcium ions. They also inhibit calium channels and Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase. (T10, T18, L857)

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Cyfluthrin is extremely toxic to fish and aquatic organisms but is practically non-toxic to upland game birds and waterfowl.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The acute toxicities of four recently developed pyrethroid insecticides (bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, lambda cyhalothrin and tralomethrin) were experimentally compared to the acute toxicity of a first generation pyrethroid (permethrin), in static-flow, 48-hr bioassays with Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia. The four new generation pyrethroids exhibited greater toxicity, with LC50s ranging from 0.15 to 1.04 ug/L for D. magna and 0.07 to 0.30 ug/L for C. dubia, in comparison to permethrin with LC50s of 1.25 ug/L for D. magna and 0.55 ug/L for C. dubia. Tralomethrin and cyfluthrin were most toxic to D. magna, with LC50s of 0.15 and 0.17 ug/L, respectively. C. dubia exhibited the greatest sensitivity to the pyrethroids, with an LC50 of 0.07 ug/L for bifenthrin. C. dubia was equally or more sensitive than D. magna to all of the insecticides.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Critical thermal maximum (CTMax) and minimum (CTMin) techniques were used to bioassay the effects of sublethal exposures of a synthetic pyrethroid, cyfluthrin, to 240 larval fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas. Fathead minnows were exposed for 24 hr to nominal concentrations of cyfluthrin with acetone as a carrier equal to approximately 20 and 70% of the 96-hr LC50. Exposure to cyfluthrin caused maximum decreases of 3.3 °C below median heat tolerance of controls (34.4 °C) and a 5.6 °C increase in median cold tolerance above controls (5.9 °C). At the highest concentrations of cyfluthrin tested, the zone of temperature tolerance was reduced by 30%. Concentrations of cyfluthrin that caused these effects were as low as 170 parts per trillion.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... All eight isomers of cypermethrin and cyfluthrin were completely separated on two chained Chirex 00G-3019-DO columns. Great differences were found between enantiomers in the acute toxicity to aquatic invertebrates Ceriodaphnia dubia or Daphnia magna. ... In cypermethrin or cyfluthrin, two of the eight isomers, 1R-cis-alphaS and 1R-trans-alphaS, contributed for almost all the toxicity in the racemate, while the other six enantiomers were inactive. These results suggest that significant enantioselectivity occurs for pyrethroids in aquatic toxicity, and such enantiomeric differences must be considered when evaluating ecological effects of pyrethroid insecticides.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CYFLUTHRIN (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Tolerances are established for residues of the insecticide cyfluthrin (cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2dimethyl-cyclopropane-carboxylate; CAS No. 68359-37-5) in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: [Table#6089]

A tolerance ... is established for residues of the insecticide cyfluthrin (cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate; CAS Reg. No. 69359-37-5) in food commodities exposed to the insecticide during treatment of food-handling establishments where food and food products are held, processed, prepared, or served. Treatments may be made by general surface, spot, and/or crack and crevice applications.

A tolerance of ... is established for residues of the insecticide cyfluthrin (cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate; CAS Reg. No. 68359-37-5) in feed commodities exposed to the insecticide during treatment of feed-handling establishments where feed and feed products are held, processed, prepared, or served. Treatments may be made by general surface, spot, and/or crack and crevice applications.

Tolerances with regional registration, as defined in section 180.1(n), are established for residues of cyfluthrin in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: [Table#6090]

New Active Ingredients ... includes pesticide active ingredients initially registered after November 1, 1984, that currently have active product registrations. By law, these newer pesticides are not subject to the reregistration program. They must, however, meet the new safety standard of the FQPA, and will be reviewed on a 15-year cycle under the registration review program. ... Active Ingredient Number: 128831; Type of Pesticide: Conventional - Insecticide; Use Site: Food use, ornamentals; Year: 1987.

Used as an agricultural insecticide; [Merck Index] Used as a veterinary medication; [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

For cyfluthrin (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 128831) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Agricultural insecticide

Insecticide effective against Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Homoptera ... also against migratory locusts and grasshoppers; and in animal health

MEDICATION (Vet)

ANT & ROACH KILLER PUMP SPRAY B: Active Ingredients 0.30% Sodium o-phenylphenate and 0.05% beta-cyfluthrin

BAYTHROID XL: Active Ingredient 12.7% beta-cyfluthrin

BETA-CYFLUTHRIN 0.0015% RTU INSECTICIDE: Active Ingredient 0.0015% beta-cyfluthrin

BETA-CYFLUTHRIN 0.38% CONCENTRATE INSECTICIDE: Active Ingredient 0.38% beta-cyfluthrin

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for CYFLUTHRIN (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Veterinary Drug -> INSECTICIDE -> JECFA Functional Classes

Veterinary Drug -> INSECTICIDE -> JECFA Functional Classes

Veterinary Drug -> INSECTICIDE -> JECFA Functional Classes

Veterinary Drug -> INSECTICIDE -> JECFA Functional Classes

Veterinary Drug -> INSECTICIDE -> JECFA Functional Classes

Veterinary Drug -> INSECTICIDE -> JECFA Functional Classes

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Cyfluthrin and beta-Cyfluthrin (technical grade) as Class II: moderately hazardous; Main Use: insecticide.

RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE due to toxicity to fish and aquatic organisms. For retail sale to and use only by Certified Applicators or persons under their direct supervision and only for those uses covered by the Certified Applicator's certification. /Baythroid XL/

Synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. Commercial product is mixture of 8 isomers, the (1R)-isomers primarily responsible for the bioactivity.

The Compendium of Pesticide Common Names lists CAS no. 68359-37-5 as beta-cyfluthrin, noting that the unresolved isomeric mixture of this substance has the ISO common name cyfluthrin.

For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for CYFLUTHRIN (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.