| GHS 분류 | DangerH300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H300+H310+H330 (70.5%): Fatal if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oralacute toxicity, dermalacute toxicity, inhalation] |
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| 유해성 요약 | Potential to cause methemoglobinemia, liver damage, and visual impairment (central scotomas)Listed in table of Industrial Chemicals for Which Methemoglobin Formation is the Principal Cause of Toxicity[ACGIH] An eye and respiratory tract irritantCan induce methemoglobinemia and have effects on the liver[ICSC]The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of 1,2-dinitrobenzene stem from its toxicologic properties and explosivity. Toxic by all routes (ie, inhalation, ingestion, dermal absorption), exposure to this colorless-to-yellow, crystalline substance may occur from its production or use in the synthesis of dyes and explosives, and as a camphor substitute in cellulose nitrat e production. Effects from exposure may include headache, nausea, vision impairment, contact burns to the skin and eyes, cardiac arrhythmias, methemoglobinemia, cyanosis, and hepatic injury. Effects may be delayed for several hours and may be precipitated by exposure to sunlight or ingestion of alcohol. OSHA has established a time-weighted-average (TWA) exposure limit of 1 mg/cu m, with a skin designation. In activities and situations where over-exposure may occur, wear a positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus and chemical protective clothing which is specifically recommended by the shipper or manufacturer. No skin should be exposed. If contact should occur, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes and wash exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water. Contamin ated clothing and shoes should be removed and left at the site for cleaning or disposal. While 1,2-dinitrobenzene does not ignite easily, it may explode by impact, contact with strong oxidizers, or heat under confinement that will permit high pressure build-up. For fires involving this substance, extinguish with dry chemical, CO2, water spray, fog, regular foam (for dinitrobenzen e solution), or alcohol foam (for dinitrobenzene solid). Evacuate area of massive fire, and fight from as far a distance as possible. 1,2-Dinitrobenzene may shipped via air, rail, road, and water, in containers bearing the label, "Poison." This substance should be stored away from heat, sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition, protected from physical damage, and separatedfrom oxidizers, combustibles, metals (eg, tin and zinc), nitric acid, and caustics. For small dry spills of this substance, use a clean shovel to place material into a clean, dry container for later disposal (liquid solutions are taken up with sand or other noncombustible material). Large land spills (liquid solutions) should be diked far ahead of the spill for later disposal. Do not allow the material to enter water sources or sewers. Large dry spills should be covered with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in the rain. For spills in water, use sand bag barriers to trap material at the bottom, apply activated carbon, and use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses. |
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