글리세릴 트라이카프릴레이트

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.；SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.；INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.；INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.；STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material under ambient temperatures, and keep it away from oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

SRP: Criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2.3X10+6(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tricaprylin is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of tricaprylin from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.56X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Tricaprylin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 6.69X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). The oxygen uptake of tricaprylin, present in activated sludge at 500 mg/L, was 200 mg/L after 24 hours incubation(5), indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2.3X10+6(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tricaprylin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.56X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 280(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 9.20(6) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). The oxygen uptake of tricaprylin, present in activated sludge at 500 mg/L, was 200 mg/L after 24 hours incubation(7), indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tricaprylin, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 6.69X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase tricaprylin is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 13 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.03X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Tricaprylin does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of tricaprylin can be estimated to be 2.3X10+6(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that tricaprylin is expected to be immobile in soil.

AEROBIC: Oxidation was measured using activated sludge in a Warburg constant temperature respirometer with an tricaprylin concentration of 500 mg/L; glycerides in which the acid portion was from three to eight carbon atoms in length were readily oxidized by the sludge. The oxygen uptake of tricaprylin was approximately 200 mg/L after 24 hours(1).

An estimated BCF of 280 was calculated in fish for tricaprylin(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 9.20(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for tricaprylin is estimated as 2.56X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that tricaprylin is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Tricaprylin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 6.69X10-2 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The pharmacological activity of tricaprylin was evaluated using dogs. Dosing with tricaprylin resulted in loss of spontaneous movement and a slight increase in the response of the ileum. No effects were observed on the following: respiration, blood pressure, the isolated heart and uterus, electrocardiogram (ECG), auricular vessel, and duration of anesthesia. Effects on behavior and the isolated ileum were noted.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The acute intravenous toxicity of tricaprylin was evaluated using six groups of 10 mice (strain not stated; weights = 13 to 29 g). Tricaprylin (25% emulsion) was injected into the tail vein of each animal. Motor uneasiness developed immediately after injection, and was followed by spasms in the hind legs, respiratory distress, urination, lateral recumbency, as well as froth at the nose.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ The short-term oral toxicity of tricaprylin was evaluated using groups of male and female Wistar rats (7 to 10 per group). The groups were dosed for 31 days with 2, 5, or 10 mL/kg. Compared to controls dosed with distilled water, statistically significant (.01 < p < .05) differences in the following clinical chemistry and hematological parameters were noted: urea nitrogen (mg/dL) significantly lower in groups of female rats dosed with 5 or 10 mL/kg, GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) activity and erythrocyte counts (X 10(4)/cu m) significantly lower in males dosed with 2 mL/kg, GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase) activity significantly lower in females dosed with 10 mL/kg, and leukocyte counts (X 10(2)/cu m) significantly higher in females dosed with 10 mL/kg. Glucose concentration (mg/dL) was significantly greater (p < .01) in males dosed with 2 mL/kg. Results for changes in organ weights: compared to distilled water controls, the following statistically significant changes in organ weight were noted: significant reduction in heart weight (.01 < p < .05) in males dosed with 2, 5, or 10 mL/kg; significant reduction in spleen weight (.01 < p < .05) in males dosed with 5 mL/kg or 10 mL/kg; significant reduction in right and left kidney weights (p < .01) in males dosed with 5 mL/kg or 10 mL/kg; significant reduction in left testis weight in 2 mL/kg (.01 < p < .05), 5 mL/kg (p + 0.01), and 10 mL/kg (.01 < p < .05) dose groups; and significant reduction in right testis weight in 2 mL/kg (.01 < p < .05) and 10 mL/kg (p < .01 ). At microscopic examination, no lesions were found in either test or control groups.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Ten male and ten female rats of the SPF CSE strain (average weight 1200 g) were injected with 0.25 mL tricaprylin twice a week for 5 weeks (total of 10 injections in right flank, same site). The animals were killed in pairs (one male, one female) 24 hours after the first injection and all subsequent injections. Subcutaneous tissue at the injection site was removed and prepared for histological examination. Initially, subcutaneous injections of tricaprylin produced a granulomatous reaction characterized by numerous oil deposits surrounded by several layers of macrophages, accompanied by mononuclear cells and a few polymorphs. Additionally, from the third injection until the end of the experiment, fibrous tissue formed around the oil globules and fibroblasts (together with other chronic inflammatory cells) were observed between strands of collagen.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of tricaprylin with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.03X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 13 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 0.32 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 250 and 25 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). Tricaprylin does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1,430 workers (996 of these were female) were potentially exposed to tricaprylin in the US(1). Occupational exposure to tricaprylin may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where tricaprylin is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to tricaprylin primarily via dermal contact and limited exposure from ingestion of medicinal products containing this compound. Limited population exposure may occur through its use as a substance of abuse(SRC).

Tricaprylin's production and use as a skin conditioning agent in cosmetics medicinal digestive supplement, and anithistamine may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 6.69X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates tricaprylin will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase tricaprylin will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 13 hours. Tricaprylin does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm, and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, tricaprylin is expected to be immobile based upon an estimated Koc of 2.3X10+6. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.56X10-8 atm-cu m/mole. If released into water, tricaprylin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. The oxygen uptake of tricaprylin, present in activated sludge at 500 mg/L, was 200 mg/L after 24 hours incubation, indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 280 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism. An estimated base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 0.32 L/mole-sec corresponds to half-lives of 250 and 25 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to tricaprylin may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where tricaprylin is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to tricaprylin primarily via dermal contact and limited e

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Esters and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Provide a low-stimulus environment. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Treat frostbite by rapid rewarming ... . /Esters and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Esters and related compounds/

Chemical: Octanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester

Status: Active Update: 28-11-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/22479

Glycerol trioctanoate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard