프로판디알

72 °C

72 °C

161 °F

Solid (needles); [NIOSH]

Solid

NEEDLES.

Solid (needles).

Evidence of injury to the liver and pancreas in mice experiments when added to drinking water at 500 mg/kg body weight per day; [HSDB] No listed effects of short-term or long-term exposure; [ICSC] May cause skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritation; Excessive exposure may cause CNS depression; [Merck Index] Causes muscle weakness, dyspnea, and cyanosis in oral lethal-dose study of rats; Causes other gastrointestinal and liver changes and inflammation, necrosis, or scarring of bladder in 90-day oral study of mice; [RTECS] See ALDEHYDES

DHHS/NTP; Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies of Malonaldehyde, Sodium Salt (3-Hydroxy-2-propenal, sodium salt) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies) Technical Report Series No. 331 (1988) NIH Publication No. 88-1792 /Malonaldehyde, sodium salt/

NIOSH considers maloaldehyde to be a potential occupational carcinogen.

NIOSH usually recommends that occupational exposures to carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible concn.

Proteins [Note: Pure compound is stable under neutral conditions, but not under acidic conditions].

Proteins [Note: Pure compound is stable under neutral conditions, but not under acidic conditions.]

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for MALONALDEHYDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

MALONALDEHYDE IS FOUND IN MANY FOODSTUFFS AND IS PRESENT AT GENERALLY HIGH LEVELS IN RANCID FOODS. IT HAS BEEN DETECTED IN FISH MEAT, FISH OIL, RANCID SALMON OIL, RANCID NUTS, RANCID FLOUR, ORANGE JUICE ESSENCE, VEGETABLE OIL, FATS, FRESH FROZEN GREEN BEANS, MILK, MILK FAT, RYE BREAD, AND IN RAW, CURED AND COOKED MEATS.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Endogenous, Ingestion, Dermal (contact)

Uremic toxins such as malondialdehyde are actively transported into the kidneys via organic ion transporters (especially OAT3). Increased levels of uremic toxins can stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species. This seems to be mediated by the direct binding or inhibition by uremic toxins of the enzyme NADPH oxidase (especially NOX4 which is abundant in the kidneys and heart) (A7868). Reactive oxygen species can induce several different DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) which are involved in the silencing of a protein known as KLOTHO. KLOTHO has been identified as having important roles in anti-aging, mineral metabolism, and vitamin D metabolism. A number of studies have indicated that KLOTHO mRNA and protein levels are reduced during acute or chronic kidney diseases in response to high local levels of reactive oxygen species (A7869).

THIOBARBITURIC ACID-REACTING MATERIAL PRODUCED DURING ENZYMIC MICROSOMAL LIPID PEROXIDATION WAS IDENTIFIED AS MALONALDEHYDE. PHOSPHOLIPID ARACHIDONATE WAS ESTABLISHED AS THE MAJOR SOURCE OF THE MALONALDEHYDE PRODUCED IN THE REACTION.

(14)C-ACETATE APPEARED TO BE THE MAJOR ACCUMULATING METABOLITE IN RAT LIVER MITOCHONDRIAL PREPARATIONS FOLLOWING A 120-MINUTE INCUBATION WITH (14)C-MALONALDEHYDE. A PROBABLE BIOCHEMICAL ROUTE FOR MALONALDEHYDE METABOLISM INVOLVES OXIDATION OF MALONALDEHYDE BY MITOCHONDRIAL ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE FOLLOWED BY DECARBOXYLATION TO PRODUCE CARBON DIOXIDE AND ACETATE.

Two aldehyde dehydrogenases in the rat-liver cytosol fraction account for virtually all of the metabolizing activity for malonaldehyde.

After oral administration of malonaldehyde (158 mg/kg body weight) to rats, increased quantities of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and malonaldehyde itself were found in the urine. Additionally, methyl ethyl ketone, not found in control rats, was present in the urine of the animals that had received malonaldehyde.

Uremic toxins tend to accumulate in the blood either through dietary excess or through poor filtration by the kidneys. Most uremic toxins are metabolic waste products and are normally excreted in the urine or feces.

IN PRIMARY RAT SKIN FIBROBLAST CULTURES GROWN IN A MEDIUM CONTAINING 1X10(-5), 1X10(-4), OR 1X10(-3) MOLAR OF 1,3-(14)C MALONALDEHYDE, THERE WAS A LIMITED, CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENT UPTAKE OF MALONALDEHYDE BY 24 HR (APPROXIMATELY 4% AT ALL CONCENTRATIONS). 83-89% OF THE (14)C WAS OXIDIZED TO (14)CO2 BY 24 HR AND APPROXIMATELY 5% WAS RECOVERED IN THE MAJOR LIPIDS. LIMITED CELLULAR UPTAKE OF MALONALDEHYDE MAY EXPLAIN THE TOLERANCE OF CELLS GROWN IN CULTURE TO RELATIVELY HIGH CONCENTRATIONS.

TWELVE HOURS AFTER INTUBATION WITH 1,3-(14)C MALONALDEHYDE, MALE WISTAR RATS SHOWED 60-70%, 5-15% AND 9-17% OF ADMINISTERED RADIOACTIVITY IN EXPIRED CARBON DIOXIDE, FECES AND URINE, RESPECTIVELY. IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS SHOWED METABOLISM TO BE PRIMARILY IN MITOCHONDRIA VIA REACTIONS INVOLVING OXYGEN UTILIZATION AND (14)CO2 PRODUCTION. THE APPARENT KM AND VMAX WERE 0.5 MMOL AND 9.3 NMOL/MIN/MG PROTEIN FOR OXYGEN UPTAKE, RESPECTIVELY, AND 2.0 MMOL AND 2.4 NMOL/MIN/MG PROTEIN FOR (14)CO2 PRODUCTION.

Used in scientific research; [HSDB] Produced during lipid peroxidation and other reactions in mammals; Used as index for rancidity in foods; [Merck Index] Found in many foods (at high levels if rancid); [IARC]

RESEARCH COMPOUND

Naturally produced by the body (endogenous).