삼산화붕소(무수붕산)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Boron oxide:

(General first aid procedures)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

During production processes, atmospheric contamination by vapors and aerosols of ... boric anhydride ... should be minimized by use of local exhaust ventilation, process mechanization, and enclosure ...

Skin that becomes contaminated with boron oxide should be promptly washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove any boron oxide. Employees who handle boron oxide or non-aqueous liquids containing boron oxide should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating, smoking or using toilet facilities.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for BORON OXIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50 Carassius auratus 0.57 g/L/3 day; flow through /Tested as boric acid. Boric oxide is the anhydride of boric acid; one part of boric oxide is equivalent to 1.776 parts of boric acid in aqueous solution./

LC50 Carassius auratus 0.15 g/L/7 day; flow through /Tested as boric acid. Boric oxide is the anhydride of boric acid; one part of boric oxide is equivalent to 1.776 parts of boric acid in aqueous solution./

LC50 Ictalurus punctaltus 0.5 g/L/9 day; flow through /Tested as boric acid. Boric oxide is the anhydride of boric acid; one part of boric oxide is equivalent to 1.776 parts of boric acid in aqueous solution./

LC50 Ictalurus punctatus 0.71 g/L/5 day; flow through /Tested as boric acid. Boric oxide is the anhydride of boric acid; one part of boric oxide is equivalent to 1.776 parts of boric acid in aqueous solution./

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for BORON OXIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ A study was carried out on the growth of various phytoplankton in sea water with boric acid additions. The 29-58 mg/L boric acid level (equivalent to 16-32 mg/L boric oxide) showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of any of the species tested, in fact the 58 mg/L level (32 mg/L boric oxide) appeared to stimulate growth. In general, the 290 mg/L level (160 mg/L boric oxide) depressed the growth rate of about half the total number of species to the extent of 30-70%. At the 580 mg/L level (320 mg/L boric oxide) growth was seen to be inhibited in 63% of the species and lethal to about two thirds of this percentage. The species studied included; Agmenellum quadruplicatum, Cyclotella cryptica, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and skeletonema costatum. /Tested as boric acid. Boric oxide is the anhydride of boric acid; one part of boric oxide is equivalent to 1.776 parts of boric acid in aqueous solution./

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Study showed that there was a significant effect on primary production when 20 um (nanoplankton) phytoplankton were treated with concentrations of 172 mg/L of boric acid (equivalent to 97 mg/L of boric oxide). When levels of nitrate, phosphate, and silicate with low temperature prevailing (November-May) consistent stimulation of primary production and carbon assimilation rates were observed in the presence of boric acid. When the nitrate, phosphate and silicate were low and the temperature was high, photosynthesis was inhibited. Treatment with boric acid inhibited photosynthesis in 5 day old unialgal cultures but enhanced photosynthesis in 14 day old cultures of certain species, showing that the effects of boron could be species specific. It appears that boric acid, under conditions of excess, could alleviate nutrient deficiency in som phytoplankters and might cause temporal variations of phytoplankton composition in coastal waters. Species studied included Skeletonema costatum, Centric diatom 10, and Cachonina niei. /Tested as boric acid. Boric oxide is the anhydride of boric acid; one part of boric oxide is equivalent to 1.776 parts of boric acid in aqueous solution./

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Nausea. Vomiting. Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Headache. Drowsiness. Convulsions.

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; cough; conjunctivitis; skin erythema (skin redness)

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Ingestion symptoms /include/ abdominal cramps, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and shock. /table/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes, skin, respiratory system; cough; conjunctivitis; skin erythema.

/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ /Investigators/ determined the prevalence of respiratory and eye irritation in a group of 113 workers exposed to boric acid and boric oxide at an average concentration of 4.1 mg/cu m (range,1.2 -8.5 mg/cu m). The exposed employees and 214 control workers who had never been exposed to boric acid or boric oxide and who had only low or minimal exposure to borax were interviewed regarding eye and respiratory tract irritation, nose bleeds, and other respiratory symptoms. Reports of eye irritation; dryness of mouth, nose or throat; and sore throat and productive cough were significantly more common in exposed workers.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Topical application of boron oxide dust to the clipped backs of rabbits resulted in erythema persisting for several days. Similarly, conjunctivitis immediately followed ocular instillation. These effects are probably the result of the exothermic reaction of boron oxide with water.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Tested on rabbit eyes in the form of a dust has been found to cause almost immediate irritation. However, this substance appears to pose no practical eye problem as an atmospheric contaminant.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Animal studies show that boron oxide dust can affect the eye and skin. Instillation of boron oxide dust (50 mg) into the eyes of four rabbits produced conjunctivitis.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Application of 1 g boron oxide dust to a 25 sq cm area of the skin of four rabbits produced erythema that lasted for 2-3 days.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for BORON OXIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 162,342 workers (18,457 of these are female) are potentially exposed to boron oxide in the US(1). A mean boric acid/boric oxide dust concentration of 4.1 mg/cu m has been reported in a boric acid manufacturing plant(2).

Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if nescessary. treat coma, seizures, hypotension, and renal failure if they occur. There is no specific antidote. Administer activated charcoal (although boric acid is not well absorbed). Consider gastric lavage for large ingestions. /Boric acid, Borates, and Boron/

Hemodialysis is effective and is indicated after massive ingestions and for supportive care of renal failure. Peritoneal dialysishas not proved effective in enhancing elimination in infants. /Boric acid, Borates, and Boron/

In acute poisonings, if a large amount has been ingested and the patient is seen within one hour of exposure, gastrointestinal decontamination should be considered ... .It is important to keep in mind that vomiting and diarrhea are common, and severe poisoning may be associated with seizures. Therefore induction of emesis by syrup of ipecac is probably contraindicated in these exposures. Catharsis is not indicated if diarrhea is present. /Boric acid and Borates/

If ingestion of borate has been massive (several grams), or has extended over several days, administer intravenous glucose and electrolyte solutions to sustain urinary excretion of borate. Monitor fluid balance and serum electrolytes (including bicarbonate capacity ) regularly. Monitor cardiac status by ECG. Test the urine for proteins and cells to detect renal injury, and monitor serum concentration of borate. Metabolic acidosis may be treated with sodium bicarbonate. If shock develops, it may be necessary to infuse plasma or whole blood. Administer oxygen continuously. If oliguria (less than 25 to 30 mL urine per hour) occurs, intravenous fluids must be slowed or stopped to avoid overloading the circulation. Such patients should be referred to a center capable of providing intensive care for critically ill patients. /Boric acid and Borates/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for BORON OXIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of the pesticidal chemical boric acid and its salts, borax (sodium borate decahydrate), disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, boric oxide (boric anhydride), sodium borate and sodium metaborate, in or on raw agricultural commodities when used as an active ingredient in insecticides, herbicides, or fungicides preharvest or postharvest in accordance with good agricultural practices.

(CA) CALIFORNIA 1000 ug/L /Boron/

(NH) NEW HAMPSHIRE 630 ug/L /Boron/

(ME) MAINE 1,400 ug/L /Boron/

(MN) MINNESOTA 1,000 ug/L /Boron/

(WI) WISCONSIN 960 ug/L /Boron/