2-Aminoanthracene

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If a spill of this chemical occurs, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with acetone and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the adsorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for 2-anthracenamine: Biological treatment and solvent extraction.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If released to soil, 2-anthracenamine is expected to be immobilized by strong adsorption to soil. This compound would probably photolyze on soil surfaces. Volatilization and hydrolysis are not expected to be environmentally important fate processes. Insufficient data are available to predict the significance of biodegradation. (SRC)

AQUATIC FATE: If released to water, 2-anthracenamine may adsorb strongly to suspended solids and sediments, bioaccumlate significantly in aquatic organisms or photolyze rapidly in near-surface waters (estimated midday, midsummer photolysis half-life less than 4.5 days). Chemical hydrolysis is not expected to be an environmentally significant process. Insufficient data are available to predict the significance of biodegradation. (SRC)

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If released to the atmosphere, 2-anthracenamine is expected to exist both in the vapor phase and adsorbed to particulate matter(1,SRC). This compound may react with photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere (estimated vapor phase half-life 1.8 hours(2,3,SRC)), it may undergo direct photolysis, or it may be subject to dry deposition(SRC). Adsorption of 2-anthracenamine onto particulate matter may retard direct photolysis and reaction with hydroxyl radicals(4,SRC).

2-Anthracenamine has been identified as a constituent of synfuel(1).

FORMED FROM INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION OF ORGANIC MATERIALS (EG, REFUSE BURNING, OPERATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES, INDUST PROCESSES)

A bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 3141 has been estimated for 2-anthracenamine using a linear regression equation based on a measured water solubility of 0.056 mg/l at 25 °C(1,2,SRC). This BCF value suggests that 2-anthracenamine bioaccumulates significantly in aquatic organisms(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 2-anthracenamine has been estimated to be 3.0X10-7 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C by combining a measured Henry's Law Constant for anthracene of 7.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(1) with an estimation method based on structural bond contributions to intrinsic hydrophilic character(2,SRC). Given this value of Henry's Law constant and the relatively high Koc (15904 to 94276(4)) of 2-anthracenamine, it appears as though volatilization would not be a significant removal process from soil or water(3,SRC). This is apparent from the result of an EXAMS run for a model pond in which the effects of adsorption were considered. In this case, the volatilization half-life was determined to be 98 years(5,SRC).

IN MICE, SC INJECTIONS (EVIDENCE LESS CONVINCING) INDUCED TUMORS IN LIVER; IN RATS, TOPICAL ADMIN (TESTED IN MORE THAN 1 INSTITUTE) INDUCED LOCAL TUMORS & TUMORS IN BREAST, SC INJECTIONS INDUCED SKIN TUMORS; IN HAMSTERS, TOPICAL ADMIN (TESTED IN MORE THAN 1 INSTITUTE) INDUCED LOCAL TUMORS. /FROM TABLE/

2-Aminoanthracene was tested for the induction of sex linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster using a standard protocol approved by the National Toxicology Program. Canton-S wild type males were dosed with concentrations of 2-aminoanthracene that resulted in approximately 30% mortality. Following treatment, males were mated individually to Basc virgin females to produce 3 broods for analysis. 2-Aminoanthracene was positive at a dose of 1,000 ppm when administered to males by feeding.

The half-life for reaction of 2-anthracenamine vapor with photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals in air has been estimated to be 1.8 hours based on an estimated reaction rate constant of 2.2X10-10 cu cm/molecules-sec at 25 °C(1,SRC) and average ambient hydroxyl radical concentration of 5.0X10+5 molecules/cu cm(2). Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, in general, absorb UV light in the environmentally significant range (wavelengths greater than 290 nm) and are susceptible to direct photolysis in the environment(3). The occurrence of an amino group on the anthracene structure, is predicted to cause 2-anthracenamine to photolyze faster than anthracene which has an estimated near-surface photolysis half-life (latitude 40 deg N, midday, midsummer) of 4.5 days in water(3,SRC). 2-Anthracenamine contains no hydrolyzable functional groups, and therefore, is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment(4,5,SRC).

2-Anthracenamine has been identified as a constituent of synthetic fuel. If released to soil, 2-anthracenamine is expected to be immobilized by strong adsorption to the soil and it would probably photolyze on soil surfaces. Volatilization and hydrolysis are not expected to be environmentally relevant fate processes in either soil or water. Insufficient data are available to predict the significance of biodegradation. If released to water, 2-anthracenamine may adsorb strongly to suspended solids and sediments, bioaccumulate significantly in aquatic organisms, or photolyze in near-surface waters (estimated midday, midsummer half-life less than 4.5 days). If released to the atmosphere, 2-anthracenamine is expected to exist in both vapor and particulate form. This compound may react with photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals (estimated vapor phase half-life 1.8 hours), it may undergo direct photolysis, or it may be subject to dry deposition. Adsorption onto particulate matter may retard direct photolysis and reaction with hydroxyl radicals. (SRC)