황린

1.83 g/cm³

1.82 @25 °C

44 °C

44.1 °C

0.03 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 3.5

0.03 [mm Hg]

White to yellow, soft, waxy solid with acrid fumes in air. (Note: Usually shipped or stored in water.) [NIOSH] Red and black phosphorus are less toxic allotropes that do not spontaneously combust in air. [Merck Index]

WHITE-TO-YELLOW TRANSPARENT CRYSTALLINE SOLID WITH WAXY APPEARANCE. TURNS DARK ON EXPOSURE TO LIGHT.

Y (@25 °C)

Danger

H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air [Danger Pyrophoric liquids]

P210, P222, P231, P233, P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P335+P334, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P320, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air [Danger Pyrophoric liquids]

P203, P210, P222, P231, P233, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P335+P334, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Liquid or solid causes second or third degree burns after short contact; [CHRIS] Phosphorus is a respiratory irritant. Medical and dental surveillance in recent decades of a plant producing phosphorus and manufacturing fertilizer did not reveal any health effects caused by chronic phosphorus exposure. No phossy jaw (necrosis of the mandible) was found. Heavy industrial phosphorus exposure resulting in phossy jaw in the past was accompanied by liver and kidney injury according to some reports. [ACGIH] Inhalation of vapor may cause pulmonary edema. [ICSC] White phosphorus causes severe chemical burns. Systemic toxicity may include hypocalcemia. In warfare, white phosphorus often contaminates skin and wounds. Phosphorescent particles and fragments can be identified in a dark room, and they should be removed as soon as possible and placed under water. [AHLS, p. 393-406] Red phosphorus is not well absorbed and has limited toxicity. [Olson, p. 373] Red phosphorus has limited toxicity. White phosphorus combusts in air and causes liver and kidney injury after ingestion. [Goldfrank, p. 1440]

The substance may ignite spontaneously on contact with air. This produces toxic fumes of phosphorus oxides. Reacts with oxidants, halogens and sulfur. This generates fire and explosion hazard. Reacts with strong bases. This produces toxic gas (phosphine).

Yellow phosphorus, dry

Severe marine pollutant

Yellow phosphorus, wet

Severe marine pollutant

Pyrophoric solid - category 1

Pyrophoric solids - Category 1

Pyr. Sol. 1

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention . Wear protective gloves when administering first aid.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Rest. Wear protective gloves when inducing vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Sweep spilled substance into containers. Cover the spilled material with wet sand or earth. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.

Burning sensation. Cough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. Unconsciousness. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Skin burns. Pain. Blisters.

Redness. Pain. Loss of vision. Severe deep burns.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse. Unconsciousness.

1.60e+00

2.30e+01

4.00e-01

1.5E+01(G)

1.50e-03

2e-05

4.70e+00

7.00e+01

1.20e+00

1.5E+01 (G)

2e-05

Volatile

Used by the military for ammunition and incendiary devices; used by industry to produce phosphoric acid, fertilizers, food additives, and cleaning compounds; In the past small amounts of phosphorus were used for pesticides and fireworks. [ATSDR ToxFAQs] Red phosphorus is used to produce methamphetamine (meth labs). It is also used in luminous coatings, pyrotechnics, and fertilizers; [AHLS, p. 397] Phosphorus (P2O5, PBr3, PCl3, POCl3, PH3, and PF5) is used as a doping agent in semiconductor manufacturing. [CSH, p. 50]

Semiconductor Manufacturing [Category: Industry]