n-트리데칸

Other Classes -> Aliphatics, Saturated (>C11)

n-Alkane

0.756 (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.7564 g/cu cm at 20 °C

0.7564 @25 °C

Colorless liquid

An oily straw yellow clear liquid

In water, 0.0047 mg/L

Very soluble in ethyl alcohol, ethyl ether; soluble in carbon tetrachloride

4.7e-06 mg/mL at 25 °C

175 °F (USCG, 1999)

94 °C (201 °F) - closed cup

455.7 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

235.4 °C

235.00 to 236.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

235.4 °C @760 [mm Hg]

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.4% (2 of 532) of reports.

Danger

H304 (95.1%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

P301+P316, P331, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 532 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Danger

Chemical: Tridecane

Tridecane is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Tridecane are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 18-05-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14245

Tridecane: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as TRIDECANE, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, they burn exothermically to produce carbon dioxide and water.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

0.035 [ppm]

0.38 [ppm]

2.3 [ppm]

Self-contained breathing apparatus, rubber boots, and heavy rubber gloves. (USCG, 1999)

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

n-Tridecane was detected in 3 of 12 samples of mothers breast milk from the cities of Bayonne NJ, Jersey City NJ, Bridgeville PA and Baton Rouge LA(1). n-Tridecane was detected in expired air collected from 62 non-smoking subjects (20 controls, 14 prediabetics, and 28 diabetics), concentration unknown(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8800(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-tridecane is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-tridecane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.94 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.0375 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 0.0047 mg/L(4). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). n-Tridecane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(SRC). A 76.7-85.8% of theoretical biodegradation using activated sludge in several OECD 301F tests indicates n-tridecane is readily biodegradable(5) and suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). In a study of soil spiked with JP-4 jet fuel, removal of n-tridecane occurred faster in untreated soil compared to sterile soil indicating that biodegradation contributed to the removal of n-tridecane from soil(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8800(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-tridecane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.94 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.0375 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.0047 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 5.4 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 18 months if adsorption is considered(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 540(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 6.73(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). A 76.7-85.8% of theoretical biodegradation using activated sludge in several OECD 301F tests indicates n-tridecane is readily biodegradable(8) and suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). In a seawater die-away test using crude oil, loss of n-tridecane reached 8 and 42% within 5 and 15 days, respectively(9). n-Tridecane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-tridecane, which has a vapor pressure of 0.0375 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-tridecane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 24 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.51X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Based upon data for similar alkanes(4), n-tridecane does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

n-Tridecane was identified as a volatile component of peanut oil (heated from 150 to 200 °C)(1), Beaufort cheese(2), fried bacon(3), roasted filberts (Corylus avellana)(4), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed(5), fried chicken(6), kiwi fruit flowers (Actinidia chinensis Planch.)(7), and juice from Kogyoku apples(8), concentrations not reported(SRC). 1.04% of the non-condensable volatile fraction area and 0.36% of the condensable lipid fraction area of raw beef volatiles was identified as n-tridecane(9). The aroma concentrates of uncured beef were found to contain 0.31 mg/kg n-tridecane(10). n-Tridecane was identified as a volatile component of frankfurters(11). n-Tridecane was detected in paprika oleoresin at a concentration of 1.2 mg/kg(12).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: N-tridecane is a colorless liquid. It is used in organic synthesis, jet-fuel research, manufacturing of paraffin products, the rubber industry, the paper processing industry, as a solvent and distillation chaser. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Tridecane may be harmful by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption during industrial use. ANIMAL STUDIES: In dermal irritation study in pigs significant erythema was observed after 4-day repeated daily exposure. In rabbits dermally exposed to tridecane it produced a greater increase in temperature and capacitance at all time points than all the other components of JP-8 jet fuel. Mice treated with tridecane developed tumors on their backs, after exposure to ultraviolet radiation at wavelengths longer than 350 nm, generally considered noncarcinogenic. When aspirated into the lungs, tridecane is an asphyxiant. It can cause death and chemical pneumonitis. The following genotoxicity studies were negative: Cell transformation and cotransformation with benzo(a)pyrene on Syrian hamster embryo cells, and intercellular communication on Syrian hamster embryo cells.

The concentration of n-tridecane in tissue samples collected from 12 wolves /Canis lupus signatus/ of Northern Spain was determined to be 7.50 mg/kg lipid weight in suprarenal capsule(1). The concentration of n-tridecane in blubber collected from walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) in six locations of the Pacific Ocean was determined to range from 0 to 0.02 ppm wet weight(2).

An average n-tridecane concentration of 383 ng/uL was identified in an industrial wastewater survey in which samples collected between November 1, 1979 to November 1, 1981 were analyzed for organic pollutants other than Priority Pollutants(1). n-Tridecane was identified in the emissions of a municipal waste incineration plant in Germany as having a concentarion of 0.34 ug/cu-m (2). n-Tridecane was detected in 37 filter samples of exhaust air from the ventilating system of Elbtunnel, Hamburg, Germany, as having concentrations ranging from 2.25 to 5.31 g/cu-m(3). Data from Sept 2, 1979 identified n-tridecane as a gaseous emission of the vehicle traffic through the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel of the Pennsylvania Turnpike(4). Data from Aug 25 to Sept 7, 1979 showed for a speed of 80 km/hr on straight and level highway, gasoline powered vehicles emitted n-tridecane at an average rate of 1.1 mg/km and diesel trucks emitted n-tridecane at an average of 18.9 mg/km(5). The n-tridecane emission factor from a diesel-powered medium duty truck was 477 ug/km and the n-tridecane content of the diesel fuel was 15500 ug/g(6). The n-tridecane emission factor from the tailpipe of gasoline-powered California vehicles was reported as 48.2 ug/km for a catalyst-equipped vehicle and 42,600 ug/km for a non-catalyst-equipped vehicle for a gasoline containing 1,280 ug/g decane(7).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of n-tridecane can be estimated to be 8800(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that n-tridecane is expected to be immobile in soil. In a study conducted to mimic a spill of 1.27 L/sq-m, n-tridecane (present in JP-4 jet fuel) was transported to a depth of 10 cm; at the end of the study (134 days), it was no longer detected(3).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: The concentration of n-tridecane in 36 air samples collected during a severe Los Angeles, CA photochemical smog was determined to be 0.31 ug/cu m(1). n-Tridecane was identified, but not quantified, in the air of Pretoria, Johannesburg, and Durban, South Africa(2). The concentration of n-tridecane in the urban atmosphere of Barcelona, Spain was determined to be 0.1 ug/cu m(3). n-Tridecane was identified, but not quantified, in the ambient air of Homebush Bay, Australia collected in June 1975(4). The average concentration of n-tridecane in 3 samples of indoor and outdoor air from Neenah, WI were 0.42 and 0.18 ug/cu m, respectively(5). Air monitoring in the summer of 1996 in Berlin, Germany detected at average residential n-tridecane concentration of 0.11 ug/cu m(6).

INDOOR: In a study conducted between April 1982 and February 1983, the average n-tridecane concentration in air samples collected from 40 homes in the Oak Ridge/Knoxville, TN area was determined to be 19.6 ug/cu m(1). Estimated concentration of n-tridecane at an oil shale wastewater facility was determined to be 43 ug/cu m indoors (11 ug/cu m outdoors)(2). The concentration of n-tridecane in air samples collected from 49 homes in Columbus, OH from February 25-29, 1991 was determined to average 1.41 ug/cu m in homes of nonsmokers and 2.67 ug/cu m in homes of smokers(3). The concentration of n-tridecane in the air of a new federal building in Portland, OR was determined to range from 6.0 to 111.9 ug/cu m in samples collected from October 1987 to October 1988(4). n-Tridecane was identified, not quantified, in the indoor air from 6 of 26 buildings in Finland(5). n-Tridecane was identified in unknown concentrations in 170 air samples, taken from 17 locations in two Stockholm, Sweden preschools, one labeled "sick" and the other considered "healthy"(6). The concentration of n-tridecane measured at a telephone switching center from May 1985 to December 1988 was determined to range from 0.7 to 2.2 ug/cu m(7). On the 4th floor of a facility opened in 1985, location not specified, the concentration of n-tridecane detected during four separate sampling periods from June 1987 to March 1988 was determined to range from 5.7 to 14 ug/cu m(8). Indoor air measurements from 4 manufactured houses and 7 site-built houses in the eastern and southeastern US detected geometric mean n-tridecane levels of 5.5, and 5.1 ppb respectively(9). Indoor air sample collected from 27 buildings in Melbourne, Australia contained a geometric mean n-tridecane concentration of 1.4-2.3 ug/cu m while the outside air geometric mean concentration was <2 ug/cu m(10).

RURAL/REMOTE: Air samples from a rural forested site in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, CA, collected in midsummer 1990, were found to contain n-tridecane in unspecified concentrations(1). Forest air samples collected from the Southern Black Forest, Germany between March and December were determined to have n-tridecane concentrations ranging from 10 to 121 ng/cu m(2). A rural background level of n-tridecane outside of Berlin, Germany was reported as 0.04 ug/cu m for the summer of 1996(3).

SOURCE DOMINATED: n-Tridecane has been detected in roadway air, airfield air, and aircraft air in concentrations of 0.0922, 0.87, and 2.43 ppb, respectively(1).

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ ... Human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) were exposed to JP-8, aliphatic hydrocarbon (HC) fuel S-8 and aliphatic HC pentadecane (penta), tetradecane (tetra), tridecane (tri) and undecane (un) for 5 min. Additional studies were conducted with signal transduction pathway blockers parthenolide (P; 3.0 microm), isohelenin (I; 3.0 microm), SB 203580 (SB; 13.3 microm), substance P (SP; 3.0 microm) and recombinant human IL-10 (rHIL-10; 10 ng/mL). In the absence of inhibitors, JP-8 and to a lesser extent un and S-8, had the greatest toxic effect on cell viability and inflammation suggesting, as least in vitro, that synthetic S-8 fuel is less irritating than the currently used JP-8. Each inhibitor significantly (P < 0.05) decreased HEK viability. DMSO, the vehicle for P, I and SB, had a minimal effect on viability. Overall, IL-8 production was suppressed at least 30% after treatment with each inhibitor. Normalizing data relative to control indicate which inhibitors suppress HC-mediated IL-8 to control levels. P was the most effective inhibitor of IL-8 release; IL-8 was significantly decreased after exposure to un, tri, tetra and penta but significantly increased after JP-8 exposure compared with controls. Inhibitors were not effective in suppressing IL-8 release in JP-8 exposures to control levels. This study shows that inhibiting NF-kappa B, which appears to play a role in cytokine production in HC-exposed HEK in vitro, may reduce the inflammatory effect of HC in vivo.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Tridecane may be harmful by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption during industrial use.

Alternative fuels are being considered for civilian and military uses. One of these is S-8, a replacement jet fuel synthesized using the Fischer-Tropsch process, which contains no aromatic compounds and is mainly composed of straight and branched alkanes. Metabolites of S-8 fuel in laboratory animals have not been identified. The goal of this study was to identify metabolic products from exposure to aerosolized S-8 and a designed straight-chain alkane/polyaromatic mixture (decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, naphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene) in male Fischer 344 rats. Collected blood and tissue samples were analyzed for 70 straight and branched alcohols and ketones ranging from 7 to 15 carbons. No fuel metabolites were observed in the blood, lungs, brain, and fat following S-8 exposure. Metabolites were detected in the liver, urine, and feces. Most of the metabolites were 2- and 3-position alcohols and ketones of prominent hydrocarbons with very few 1- or 4-position metabolites. Following exposure to the alkane mixture, metabolites were observed in the blood, liver, and lungs. Interestingly, heavy metabolites (3-tridecanone, 2-tridecanol, and 2-tetradecanol) were observed only in the lung tissues possibly indicating that metabolism occurred in the lungs. With the exception of these heavy metabolites, the metabolic profiles observed in this study are consistent with previous studies reporting on the metabolism of individual alkanes. Further work is needed to determine the potential metabolic interactions of parent, primary, and secondary metabolites and identify more polar metabolites. Some metabolites may have potential use as biomarkers of exposure to fuels.

The effect of cultural conditions on inosine production were investigated in the adenine auxotroph of Corynebacterium petrophilum SB 4082. The inosine production was dependent upon the amount of adenine in the medium. The addition of 10 mg adenine and 0.5 g of yeast extract to 100 mL of medium was optimal for inosine formation. Ammonium chloride or ammonium sulfate were effective as nitrogen sources. Tridecane was utilized as a carbon source.

... The purpose of the present study was to investigate the percutaneous absorption of JP-8 across pig ear skin and human skin in vitro and to study the effect of JP-8 exposure on the skin barrier function and irritation in Yucatan minipigs. JP-8 spiked with 5.0 microCi of radiolabeled (14)C tridecane, nonane, naphthalene or toluene (selected components of JP-8) was used for the in vitro percutaneous absorption studies with excised pig ear skin and human skin. For in vivo studies, 250 microl of JP-8 or two of its components (toluene or nonane) was placed in a Hill top chamber(R) and affixed over the marked treatment area for 24 hr. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin capacitance (moisture content) and skin irritation (erythema and edema) were evaluated before treatment and at 1,2 and 24 hr after removal of the patches. The components of JP-8 such as tridecane, nonane, naphthalene and toluene permeated significantly through pig ear skin and human skin and the permeation rates were found to be proportional to their composition in JP-8. The steady state flux values of tridecane across pig ear skin and human skin did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Though the steady state flux values of nonane, naphthalene and toluene were statistically different between porcine and human skin (P<0.01), the values were close considering the large variations usually observed in the percutaneous absorption studies. Application of toluene, nonane or JP-8 increased the TEWL, JP-8 being the highest (3.5 times at 24 hr compared to baseline level). The skin moisture content decreased after the application of JP-8, though it was not significantly different (P>0.05) from the baseline level. JP-8 caused a moderate erythema and a moderate to severe edema. Though the edema decreased after 24 hr, the degree of erythema remained about the same until 24 hr. The skin irritation caused by JP-8 was greater than neat toluene or nonane. The TEWL data of toluene, nonane and JP-8 correlated well with the skin irritation data (erythema and edema). Exposure of JP-8, which contains hundreds of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, caused significant changes in the barrier function of the skin as indicated by an increase in TEWL and produced a significant erythema and edema in minipigs. Furthermore, the disruption of barrier function of skin, as indicated by increased TEWL after exposure to JP-8 might result in increased permeation of its own components and/or other chemicals exposed to skin. The present study provides further evidence that pig ear skin may be used as a model for predicting the rates of permeation of chemicals through human skin.

Dermal penetration and absorption of jet fuels in general, and JP-8 in particular, is not well understood, even though government and industry, worldwide, use over 4.5 billion gallons of JP-8 per year. Exposures to JP-8 can occur from vapor, liquid, or aerosol. Inhalation and dermal exposure are the most prevalent routes. JP-8 may cause irritation during repeated or prolonged exposures, but it is unknown whether systemic toxicity can occur from dermal penetration of fuels. The purpose of this investigation was to measure the penetration and absorption of JP-8 and its major constituents with rat skin, so that the potential for effects with human exposures can be assessed. We used static diffusion cells to measure both the flux of JP-8 and components across the skin and the kinetics of absorption into the skin. Total flux of the hydrocarbon components was 20.3 micrograms/sq cm/hr. Thirteen individual components of JP-8 penetrated into the receptor solution. The fluxes ranged from a high of 51.5 micrograms/sq cm/hr (an additive, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether) to a low of 0.334 micrograms/sq cm/hr (tridecane). Aromatic components penetrated most rapidly. Six components (all aliphatic) were identified in the skin. Concentrations absorbed into the skin at 3.5 hr ranged from 0.055 micrograms per gram skin (tetradecane) to 0.266 micrograms per gram skin (undecane). These results suggest: (1) that JP-8 penetration will not cause systemic toxicity because of low fluxes of all the components; and (2) the absorption of aliphatic components into the skin may be a cause of skin irritation.

Rat tissue:air and blood:air partition coefficients (PCs) for octane, nonane, decane, undecane, and dodecane (n-C8 to n-C12 n-alkanes) were determined by vial equilibration. The blood:air PC values for n-C8 to n-C12 were 3.1, 5.8, 8.1, 20.4, and 24.6, respectively. The lipid solubility of n-alkanes increases with carbon length, suggesting that lipid solubility is an important determinant in describing n-alkane blood:air PC values. The muscle:blood, liver: blood, brain:blood, and fat:blood PC values were octane (1.0, 1.9, 1.4, and 247), nonane (0.8, 1.9, 3.8, and 274), decane (0.9, 2.0, 4.8, and 328), undecane (0.7, 1.5, 1.7, and 529), and dodecane (1.2, 1.9, 19.8, and 671), respectively. The tissue:blood PC values were greatest in fat and the least in muscle. The brain:air PC value for undecane was inconsistent with other n-alkane values. Using the measured partition coefficient values of these n-alkanes, linear regression was used to predict tissue (except brain) and blood:air partition coefficient values for larger n-alkanes, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, and heptadecane (n-C13 to n-C17). Good agreement between measured and predicted tissue:air and blood:air partition coefficient values for n-C8 to n-Cl2 offer confidence in the partition coefficient predictions for longer chain n-alkanes.

... The present study is an ongoing approach to assess the dose-related percutaneous absorption of a number of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The first treatment (1X) was comprised of mixtures containing undecane (4.1%), dodecane (4.7%), tridecane (4.4%), tetradecane (3%), pentadecane (1.6%), naphthalene (1.1%), and dimethyl naphthalene (1.3% of jet fuels) in hexadecane solvent using porcine skin flow through diffusion cell. Other treatments (n = 4 cells) were 2X and 5X concentrations. Perfusate samples were analyzed with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) using head space solid phase micro-extraction fiber technique. We have standardized the assay to have a good linear correlation for all the tested components in media standards. Absorption parameters including diffusivity, permeability, steady state flux, and percent dose absorbed were estimated for all the tested hydrocarbons. This approach provides a baseline to access component interactions among themselves and with the diluent (solvents). A quantitative structure permeability relationship (QSPR) model was derived to predict the permeability of unknown jet fuel hydrocarbons in this solvent system by using their physicochemical parameters. Our findings suggested a dose related increase in absorption for naphthalene and dimethyl naphthalene (DMN).

For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for n-Tridecane (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Used as a chemical intermediate and solvent (inks and degreasing); Used in paper processing; [HSDB]

Metal Degreasing [Category: Clean]

Organic synthesis; distillation chaser.

Used in organic synthesis, jet-fuel research, manufacturing of paraffin products, the rubber industry, the paper processing industry, as a solvent and distillation chaser.

As a solvent

CHEM INT FOR CHLORINATED PARAFFINS (C10-C30 N-PARAFFINS)

2023: 70,000,000 - <85,000,000 lb

(1977) AT LEAST 4.54X10+9 GRAMS

(1981) 3.16X10+11 G (TOTAL, N-PARAFFINS)

Non-confidential 2012 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: Tridecane. National Production Volume: 62,700,000 lb/yr.

By far the largest amount of saturated hydrocarbons is obtained from the natural sources natural gas and petroleum, either by isolation, e.g., fractional distillation, or by suitable conversion reactions. Additional sources include various products derived from coal processing or biomass conversion reactions, e.g., Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Saturated hydrocarbons that are unavailable from natural sources or for laboratory purposes are produced by special synthesis or by conversion processes. /Saturated hydrocarbons/

Isolated from kerosene and gas oil fractions by fractional distillation.

ISOLATION OF N-PARAFFINS (C9-C17) FROM KEROSENE & GAS OIL FRACTIONS OF CRUDE OIL BY SELECTIVE ADSORPTION WITH MOLECULAR SIEVES OR ADDUCTION WITH UREA FOLLOWED BY FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION TO PRODUCE THE DESIRED MIXT OF N-PARAFFINS

Petrochemical Manufacturing

Tridecane: ACTIVE