헤네이코산

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Environmental precautions Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Environmental precautions Do not let product enter drains.

Precautions for safe handling: Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.

Appropriate engineering controls: General industrial hygiene practice.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for n-Heneicosane (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter.

Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Choose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount of dangerous substances, and to the specific work-place.

Respiratory protection is not required. Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired, use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.1X10+6(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that heneicosane is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of heneicosane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 120 atm-cu m/mole(3), based upon its vapor pressure, 8.73X10-8 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 2.9X 10-8 mg/L(5). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Heneicosane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 4.62X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Heneicosane achieved 63 to 76% loss after 18 days in sewage sludge-amended soils(6) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process under certain conditions in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.1X10+6(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that heneicosane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 120 atm-cu m/mole(4), derived from its vapor pressure, 8.73X10-5 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 2.9X10-8 mg/L(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.8 hours and 6.8 days, respectively(SRC). However, adsorption to sediment and suspended solidsl is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is greater than 2 years if adsorption is considered(7). According to a classification scheme(8), an estimated BCF of 55(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 10.65(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Heneicosane achieved 63 to 76% loss after 18 days in sewage sludge-amended soils(9) indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), heneicosane, which has a vapor pressure of 8.73X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase heneicosane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.67X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase heneicosane may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Heneicosane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Heneicosane was identified as a volatile component in the edible extract of Korean Chamchwi (Aster scaber Thunb)(1). Heneicosane was detected in the extract of 8 Australian yellow box honey samples, and 8 Australian blue gum honey samples at average concentrations of 0.6 mg/kg and 0.9 mg/kg, respectively(2).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Heneicosane is a solid n-alkane containing 21 carbon atoms (C21). Solid n-alkanes (paraffin waxes) are used in a variety of applications: as feeds for cracking them to gasoline blendstock materials, oxidation, and chlorination reactions. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: LD50 for heneicosane by i.p. and dermal routes was more than 5 g/kg in mice and rats of both sexes. In the primary skin irritation test in rabbits no significant changes were noted. In the sub-acute toxicity studies even 500 mg/kg dose was not able to produce toxic response in rats dosed daily for 90 days. The established no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was more than 500 mg/kg. Developmental studies were carried out in rats. Heneicosane at a dose of 1 g/kg was neither embryo toxic nor teratogenic in rats.

Heneiscosane detections in plants used in food and medicinal applications(1). /Heneicosane/[Table#8367]

n-Heneiscosane detections in plants used in food and medicinal applications(1).

Heneicosane was identified in the extract of some plastic materials from Concon, Chile(1); it was not detected in the surface extract of new plastic bags but was detetced in the surface extract of plastic roadside litter, and landfill trash at concentrations of 18.6, and 7.2 ug/g, respectively; it was detected in the particulate matter of open burn smoke from new plastic bags, roadside litter, and landfill trash, at concentrations of 5.8, 4.9, and 12.6 ng/mg, respectively; heneicosane was not detected in the surface extract of new plastic bags from the United States but was detcted in the open burn smoke of new plastic bags from the United States at a concentration of 37.1 ng/mg(1). Average concentrations of heneicosane emitted as a result of Chinese cooking styles were reported as 167, 104, 91, and 75 ng/mg, for Cantonese style, Sichuan style, Dongbei style, and Hunan style cooking, respectively(2). (

The Koc of heneicosane is estimated as 1.1X10+6(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 10.65(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that heneicosane is expected to be immobile in soil.

URBAN/SUBURBAN: A mean ambient air concentration of 49.1 ng/cubic m was reported for heneicosane from monitoring data measured on September 9, 1993 at Central Los Angeles, Azusa, and Claremont(1). In 2002, heneicosane was detected in the gas-phase and the particulate-phase of urban and industrial air samples from Prato, Italy, at average concentrations of approximately 32 and 0.1 ng/cu m, respectively(2). Heneicosane was detected in the particulate matter of ambient urban air sampled daily from January 2003 through December 2004 in Augsburg, Germany; average concentrations reported for spring, summer, fall and winter were 4.79, 0.73, 2.18, and 8.95 ng/cu m, respectively(3). During late fall and winter seasons heneicosane was monitored in the particulate matter of ambient atmospheres in urban areas of Corvallis OR, Guangzhou China, Beijing China, and Taiyuan China, with reported concentrations of 0.1, 44.4, 146.2, and 37.6 ng/cu m, respectively(4).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Heneicosane was detected in the gas and particle phase of tailpipe emissions from catalyst equipped gasoline powered motor vehicles at concentrations of 1.8 and 0.1 ug/km, respectively; and in the gas and particle phase of tailpipe emissions from non-catalyst equipped gasoline powered motor vehicles at concentrations of 32.0 and 214 ug/km, respectively; it was also detected in the gasoline at 1.9 ug/g(1). Heneicosane was detected in the particulate phase of emmisions from light-duty vehicles using diesel fuel at concentrations ranging from 14.27 to 92.52 ug/mg for vehicle with an emission control device and 482.3 ug/mg for the vehicle without an emission control device(2).

Barnacle samples collected from five locations in the Arabian Gulf had concentrations of heneicosane ranging from not detected to 2950 ng/g(1). Catfish samples collected from seven locations in the Arabian Gulf had concentrations of octadecane ranging from <0.1 to 7.8 ng/g(2).

Alkanes such as heneicosane may be components in petroleum products(1) and may be released to the environment through the processing and combustion of petroleum products(SRC). Heneicosane's production and use as a laboratory reagent(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.

AEROBIC: Heneicosane achieved 63 to 76% loss after 18 days in sewage sludge-amended soils(1). Biodegradation of various long chain alkanes similar to heneicosane was measured by the biological oxygen demand using a suspension of Hudson-Collamer silt loam soil in water; oxidation of eicosane (C20H42) and docosane (C22H46) by microorganisms resulted in 8.2 ug/mL oxygen consumed after 20 days(2), suggesting a similar result for heneicosane.

SEDIMENTS: Heneicosane was detected in sediment samples from from 14 sites along the Shinano River in Japan, from Nov 2005 to April 2006 at concentrations ranging from less than 0.2 to 25 ng/g(1).

SOIL: During winter 2002 soil and sand samples, from six locations in the Riyadh metropolitan area of Saudi Arabia, were examined for extractable organic matter; heneicosane was detected at relative concentrations between 0.05 to 0.69% (of total extractable organic matter) at five of six locations(1).