Brilliant Green

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 13(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that C.I. Basic Green 1 will have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Due to the ionic nature of C.I. Basic Green 1, the retention of the dye by ion-exchange processes(4,SRC), particularly on clay surfaces, and adsorption at mineral surfaces such as geothite(5,SRC), may slow down or prevent leaching(SRC). As C.I. Basic Green 1 is an ionic compound, volatilization of this compound will not be important from moist soil surfaces(4,SRC). Based on limited data, C.I. Basic Green 1 is expected to be resistant to aerobic biodegradation in soil(SRC). In an aqueous screening test, only 1.3% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 5 days(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 13(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(1), indicates that C.I. Basic Green 1 should not adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). However, due to the ionic nature of C.I. Basic Green 1, the retention of the dye by ion-exchange processes(3,SRC), particularly on clay surfaces, and adsorption at mineral surfaces such as geothite(4,SRC), may lead to increased adsorption on some surfaces(SRC). As C.I. Basic Green 1 is an ionic compound, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3,SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF value of 2(1,SRC), from a measured water solubility(2), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Based on limited data, C.I. Basic Green 1 is expected to be resistant to aerobic biodegradation in water(SRC). In an aqueous screening test, only 1.3% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 5 days(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: The ionic state of C.I. Basic Green 1 makes this compound essentially non-volatile(1,SRC); therefore, this compound should exist in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase C.I. Basic Green 1 may be physically removed from the air, mainly by wet deposition(SRC).

The Koc of C.I. Basic Green 1 is estimated as approximately 13(SRC), using a measured water solubility of 40,000 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that C.I. Basic Green 1 has very high mobility in soil(SRC). Due to the ionic nature of the dye, the retention of C.I. Basic Green 1 by ion-exchange processes(4,SRC), particularly on clay surfaces and adsorption at mineral surfaces such as geothite(5,SRC), may slow down or prevent leaching(SRC).

Brilliant green ... has been employed topically on the skin as an antiseptic, but in contact with the eye is severely injurious. In one instance an attempt to treat conjunctivitis with 1% solution of this dye resulted in destructive keratitis with hypopyon and terminated in bilateral blindness due to corneal opacification.

Ingestion causes diarrhea & abdominal pain.

Eczema, cross-reaction with gentian violet and malachite green.

C.I. Basic Green 1's production and use as a dye, in the preparation of spirit inks, wood stains and pigments, and in antiseptic solutions used for neonatal nurseries(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

An estimated BCF value of 2 was calculated for C.I. Basic Green 1(SRC), using a measured water solubility of 40,000 mg/l(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Experimentally in rabbit eyes the dye is severely injurious.

The haploid strain 15B-II4 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to study in an acute experiment the toxic and mutagenic effects of /three/ arilmethan dyes ... /including/ brilliant green (C.I. 42040). ...High biological activity of all the dyes tested was found, based on such toxic effects as cell killing and growth inhibition. ... It was shown that the dyes could incr the frequency of appearance of nuclear point mutations and cytoplasmic mutations of respiratory deficiency.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 42,531 workers (28,804 of these are female) are potentially exposed to C.I. Basic Green 1 in the US(1). Occupational exposure may be through inhalation of dust particles and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where C.I. Basic Green 1 is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to C.I. Basic Green 1 via dermal contact with products containing C.I. Basic Green 1(SRC).

C.I. Basic Green 1's production and use as a dye, in the preparation of spirit inks, wood stains and pigments, and in antiseptic solutions used for neonatal nurseries may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. The ionic state of C.I. Basic Green 1 makes this compound essentially non-volatile, therefore C.I. Basic Green 1 should exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase C.I. Basic Green 1 may be physically removed from the air, mainly by wet deposition. An estimated Koc of 13 suggests that C.I. Basic Green 1 will have very high mobility in soil although its ionic nature may result in ion-exchange processes with clay that would retard leaching. The volatilization of the dye from moist soil surfaces to air will not be important as C.I. Basic Green 1 is an ionic compound. Based on limited data, this compound is expected to be resistant to aerobic biodegradation in both soil and water; in an aqueous screening test, only 1.3% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 5 days. It may adsorb to clay sediments and particulate matter in the water due to ion-exchange processes. The loss of the dye from water by evaporation should not be important due to its ionic nature. The potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms should be low based on an estimated BCF value of 2. Occupational exposure may be through inhalation of dust particules and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where C.I. Basic Green 1 is produced or used. (SRC)

LDLo Rat intraperitoneal 8 mg/kg

LDLo Mouse oral 25 mg/kg

LDLo Mouse intraperitoneal 5 mg/kg

LDLo Mouse intravenous 3 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for C.I. BASIC GREEN 1 (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.