카보페노티온

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Rest. Refer for medical attention .

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

Spills of pesticides at any stage of their storage or handling should be treated with great care. Liquid formulations may be reduced to solid phase by evaporation. Dry sweeping of solids is always hazardous: These should be removed by vacuum cleaning or by dissolving them in water or other solvent in the factory environment. In the field they may be washed away with water into a suitable soak-hole. /Pesticides/

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

ANY MATERIAL SPILLED ON SKIN SHOULD BE IMMEDIATELY REMOVED WITH SOAP & WATER. WHEN SPRAYING & DUSTING...CONTAMINATED CLOTHING SHOULD BE CHANGED FREQUENTLY. /ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES/

CONTAINERS ... SHOULD BE CLEANED WITH A SUSPENSION OF BLEACHING POWDER IN WATER OR WITH OTHER ALKALINE SOLN AFTER SOAKING FOR 24 HR AND THEN BE RINSED WITH HOT WATER. /ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES/

THE STRICT OBSERVANCE OF HYGIENE RULES- NO SMOKING AND NO FOOD INTAKE DURING WORK, THOROUGH WASHING WITH SOAP AFTER WORK, CHANGING PROTECTIVE CLOTHING BEFORE GOING HOME- IS OF THE UTMOST IMPORTANCE. /ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES/

THE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SHOULD BE KEPT IN SEPARATE PLACES WHERE IT CANNOT BE CONTAMINATED WITH TOXIC CHEMICALS. IT SHOULD BE FORBIDDEN TO KEEP THIS CLOTHING IN LIVING QUARTERS. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING MUST BE WASHED AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK AND EACH TIME IT IS CONTAMINATED WITH PESTICIDES. BEFORE WASHING THE CLOTHING SHOULD BE SOAKED FOR SEVERAL HOURS IN A CALCIUM CARBONATE SOLUTION. /PESTICIDES/

LC50 Gammarus lacustris 5.2 ug/l/96 hr at 21 °C, mature (95% confidence limit 4.1-6.5 ug/l) /technical material, 95.3%/. Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l.

LC50 Gammarus fasciatus 10-100 ug/l/96 hr at 16 °C, mature /technical material, 95.3%/. Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l.

LC50 Palaemonetes 1.2 ug/l/96 hr at 21 °C, mature (95% confidence limit 0.8-1.4 ug/l) /technical material, 95.3%/. Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l.

LC50 Ictalurus punctatus (Channel catfish) 6000 ug/l/96 hr at 18 °C, wt 1.1 g (95% confidence limit 5740-6270 ug/l) /technical material, 95.3%/. Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l.

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for CARBOPHENOTHION (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 19,000(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 5.33(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that carbophenothion is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of carbophenothion from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 3.0X10-7 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 0.63 mg/l(4). Carbophenothion is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 3.0X10-7 mm Hg(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 19,000(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 5.33(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that carbophenothion is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 3.0X1-7 mm Hg(7), and water solubility, 0.63 mg/l(4). Carbophenothion may be susceptible to biodegradation in water; after 2 weeks, approximately 10% of an initial concn of 10 mg/l carbophenothion remained in raw river water samples(8). Hydrolysis may be an important fate process of carbophenothion in water(9); however, no rate data under environmental conditions (pH 5-9) were located. According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 2500(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), carbophenothion, which has a vapor pressure of 3.0X10-7 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase carbophenothion is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hr(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.4X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase carbophenothion may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Carbophenothion absorbs little UV light >290 nm and none above 310 nm in hexane solution(4) which suggests that carbophenothion would not be susceptible to direct photolysis.

In August 1975 to July 1976, the FDA's Monitoring Progam for chemical contaminants tested the US food supply for carbophenothion levels(1). 1 of 20 garden fruit composites from 20 U.S. cities tested positive, with a concn of 0.195 ppm(1). Carbophenothion occurred in apples (0.04 and 0.48 ppm), pears (0.57 ppm), and tomatoes (0.43, 0.47, and 0.59 ppm) imported from Chile, Australia, and Spain, respectively, to the Swedish market during June 1966 to March 1967(2). For all domestic and imported apple, orange, pear and peach samples tested from 1964-1969, carbophenothion was qualitatively detected in 1.3% of all domestic samples and 0.2% of all imported samples(3). In a Market Basket Study conducted by the FDA between 1985-1991, a maximum residue of 0.33 and 0.51 ppm carbophenothion was measured in 7 out of 862 domestic and imported oranges, respectively(6). In 1992-1993, 80-92 and 85.4-98.5% carbophenothion was recovered from domestic and imported pears and tomatoes, respectively, in a Market Basket Study conducted by the Food and Drug Administration(4). In 1994-1995, carbophenothion was found in 5 out of 22 satsuma oranges and 2 out of 5 white grapefruits with residues ranging 0-1.5 and 1.25-2.98 mg/kg in Valencian, Spain(5).

The Average daily intake (AVDI) of Carbophenothion in 8 population groups in 1982-1984 was determined according to the FDA's monitoring program for chemical contaminants in the U.S. food supply (Total Diet Study or Market Basket Study). In 6-11 month old infants, 14-16 year old females, 14-16 year old males, 25-30 year old females, 25-30 year old males, 60-65 year old females, and 60-65 year old males, the AVDI was 0.1 ng/kg-body weight-per day. In 2 yr old toddlers, the AVDI was 0.4 ng/kg-body weight-per day(1).

Pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, excessive salivation. Sweating. Nausea. Headache. Dizziness. Laboured breathing. Convulsions. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Muscle twitching. Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

Muscle twitching. Abdominal cramps. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Further see Inhalation.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to bees and birds. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. Avoid release to the environment in circumstances different to normal use.

Workers handling & applying pesticides must undergo an annual medical examination at the beginning of each agricultural season. /SRP: Protect from exposure those individuals with/ organic diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases & circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis & keratitis). The blood cholinesterase activity must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed to organophosphorus pesticides until this activity is completely restored. Persons with initial signs of indisposition should cease work with pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Carbophenothion is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0108; Pesticide type: insecticide (acaricide); Registration Standard Date: 06/30/84; Case Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered ... The case /is characterized/ as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.; Active ingredient (AI): carbophenothion; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Carbophenothion is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 lbs.

(CA) CALIFORNIA 7 ug/l

(FL) FLORIDA 12 ug/l