클레토딤

Products of combustion from fires involving this material may be toxic. Avoid breathing smoke and mists. Avoid personnel and equipment contact with fallout and runoff. Minimize the amount of water used for fire fighting. Do not enter any enclosed area without full protective equipment, including self-contained breathing equipment. Contain and isolate runoff and debris for proper disposal. Decontaminate personal protective equipment and fire fighting equipment before reuse. /Select Max Herbicide/

Liquid evaporates and forms vapor (fumes) which can catch fire and burn with explosive violence. Invisible vapor spreads easily and can be set on fire by many sources such as pilot lights, welding equipment, and electrical motors and switches. Fire hazard is greater as liquid temperature rises above 85 degrees F. /Select Max Herbicide/

Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated place.

Do not use or store near flame, sparks or hot surfaces. Use only in well ventilated area. Keep container closed. ... Keep pesticide in original container. Do not store or transport near food or feed. Do not contaminate food or feed. Do not put concentrate into food or drink containers. Do not dilute concentrate in food or drink containers. Store in a cool, dry place, out of direct sunlight. DO NOT weld, heat or drill container. Replace cap or bung. Emptied container still contains hazardous or explosive vapor or liquid. Do not store at temperatures below 32 deg F (0 °C). If the product is exposed to temperatures below 32 deg F (0 °C), thaw at room temperature to 50 °F (10 °C) or warmer and shake gently to unify the product. /Select Max Herbicide/

Stop the source of the spill if safe to do so. Contain the spill to prevent further contamination of the soil, surface water, or ground water. /Select Max Herbicide/

Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment washwater or rinsate. /Select Max Herbicide/

Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to waterways. Contain spilled liquids with dry sorbents. Clean up spill immediately. Absorb spill with inert material (such as dry sand or earth), then place in a chemical waste container. Wash area with soap and water. Pick up wash liquid with additional absorbent and place in a chemical waste container. This material forms an emulsion in water. Stop or reduce contamination of any water. Isolate contaminated water. Remove contaminated water for treatment or disposal. /Select Max Herbicide/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Nonrefillable container. Do not reuse or refill the container. Clean container promptly after emptying. Triple rinse as follows: Empty the remaining contents into application equipment or a mix tank and drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Fill the container 1/4 full with water and recap. Shake for 10 seconds. Pour rinsate into application equipment or a mix tank or store rinsate for later use or disposal. Drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Repeat this procedure two more times. Then offer for recycling, if available or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or by incineration, or if allowed by state and local authorities, by burning. If burned, stay out of smoke. /Select Max Herbicide/

Wastes resulting from the use of this product may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility. /Select Max Herbicide/

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR Part 170. /Select Max Herbicide/

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not apply where runoff is likely to occur. Do not apply where weather conditions favor drift from areas treated. /Select Max Herbicide/

Users should: Wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet. Remove clothing immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash thoroughly and put on clean clothing. Remove personal protective equipment (PPE) immediately after handling this product. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing. /Select Max Herbicide/

Discard clothing and other absorbent materials that have been drenched or heavily contaminated with this product's concentrate. Do not reuse them. Follow manufacturer's instructions for cleaning/maintaining personal protective equipment (PPE). If there are no such instructions for washables, use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry. /Select Max Herbicide/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Clethodim (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide clethodim, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities in the table in this paragraph. Compliance with the tolerance levels specified in this paragraph is to be determined by measuring only the sum of clethodim, 2-[(1E)-1-[[[(2E)-3-chloro-2-propenyl]oxy]imino]propyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one, and its metabolites containing the 5-(2-ethylthiopropyl)cyclohexene-3-one and 5-(2-ethylthiopropyl)-5-hydroxycyclohexene-3-one moieties and their sulphoxides and sulphones, calculated as the stoichiometric equivalent of clethodim, in or on the commodity. [Table#7874]

Applicators and other handlers must wear: longsleeved shirt and long pants, chemical-resistant gloves such as barrier laminate or viton > or = 14 mils, shoes plus socks and protective eyewear. /Select Max Herbicide/

Chemical-resistant gloves ...protective eyewear.

... Restricted-entry interval (REI) of 24 hours. Personal protective equipment (PPE) required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with anything that has been treated, such as plants, soil, or water is: Coveralls over short-sleeved shirt and short pants, chemical-resistant gloves such as barrier laminate or viton > or = 14 mils and shoes plus socks. /Select Max Herbicide/

Use this material only in well ventilated areas. Unless ventilation is adequate to keep airborne concentrations below recommended exposure standards, approved respiratory protection should be worn. /Select Max Herbicide/

LC50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern bobwhite quail, age 10 days) diet >4270 ppm for 8 days

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern bobwhite quail, age 18 weeks) oral via capsule >2000 mg/kg

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck, age 10 days) diet >3978 ppm for 8 days

LD50; Species: Apis mellifera (Honey Bee, worker) topical, general >100 ug/bee

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Clethodim (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that clethodim is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of clethodim from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Clethodim is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.7X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Biodegradation half-lives of 1 to 3 days using 5 unspecified soils under aerobic conditions(5) suggest that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that clethodim is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 280(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 4.21(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). Clethodim hydrolysis is pH dependent with degradation of 37%, 7%, and 0% reported at pH 5, pH 6, and pH 7, respectively, after 20 hours incubation(8). Biodegradation half-lives of 1 to 3 days using 5 unspecified soils under aerobic conditions(9) suggest that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), clethodim, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.7X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Clethodim contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4), and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

A single lactating goat received (propyl-1-(14)C)-clethodim at 1.16 mg/kg bw per day in alfalfa diet, in three equal daily doses of 14.2 mg for three days and then a single dose of 14.2 mg on the fourth day, for a total of 10 doses. One female goat served as control. The treated goat was sacrificed 4 hrs after the final dose. ... Milk contained only 0.14%; the peak concentration (0.035 ppm) was attained after the sixth dose....

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of clethodim can be estimated to be 8000(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that clethodim is expected to be immobile in soil. Freundlich adsorption coefficients (Kd) of 0.08 to 1.6 in five soil types have been reported(3).

An estimated BCF of 280 was calculated in fish for clethodim(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 4.21(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). Using a modeling approach based on the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), a log BCF of 1.84, corresponding to a BCF of 70, was calculated(3). According to a classification scheme(4), these estimated BCF values suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to moderate(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for clethodim is estimated as 1.2X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that clethodim is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(2). Clethodim is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.7X10-9 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Groups of five female Crl:CD (SD)BR rats received the 5-hydroxy sulfone of clethodim or technical-grade clethodim as a single oral dose of 1.4 g/kg bw. There were no clinical signs of toxicity, and all animals treated with the 5-hydroxy sulfone survived the 14-day observation period after dosing. All five rats treated with clethodim showed overt signs of toxicity, noted as salivation, decreased motor activity, collapse, hyperactivity, tremors, diarrhea, dehydration and nasal, ocular, oral and anogenital discharge, and all died within three days of dosing.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Five female Crl:CD(SD)BR rats were given a single oral dose of 1.4 g/kg bw of the imine sulfone of clethodim. One animal had decreased motor activity 4 hrs after dosing and was dead the next day. /imine sulfone/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Undiluted technical-grade clethodim (purity: 83.3%) was instilled at a dose of 0.1 mL into the conjunctival sac of one eye of each of nine male New Zealand white rabbits, the other eye serving as a control. The eyes of three of the nine rabbits were rinsed after a 30-sec exposure. No corneal opacity or iritis was observed. In the six rabbits with unrinsed eyes, conjunctival irritation was moderate to severe 1 hr after dosing and slight to moderate 24 hrs after dosing; all eyes were clear after 72 hrs. In the rinsed eyes, conjunctival irritation was moderate at 1 hr and slight at 24 hrs; all eyes were clear at 48 hrs. The test material was considered to be mildly irritating to the rabbit eye.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Technical-grade clethodim (purity: 83.2%) was applied at a dose of 0.5 mL under occluded conditions to two intact and two abraded sites on the shorn backs of each of 12 female New Zealand white rabbits for 4 hrs. Slight erythema, observed immediately after dosing, was followed 24-72 hrs later by slight-to-severe erythema and slight-to-moderate edema. General clearance was seen by 14 days. The primary irritation score was 0.7. The test material was considered to be slightly irritating to rabbit skin.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Clethodim (28 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Clethodim hydrolysis in 50 mM buffer at 21 °C is pH dependent with degradation of 37%, 7%, and 0% at pH 5, pH 6, and pH 7, respectively, after 20 hours incubation(1). Hydrolysis half-lives of 28, 300, and 310 days have been reported at pH 5, 7, and 9, respectively(2). Clethodim contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3), and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Aqueous photolysis half-lives in sterile buffers, pH 5, and at pH 7 ranged from 1.7 to 9.6 days without a photosensitizer, 0.5 to 1.2 days with a photosensitizer(2).

Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide clethodim, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities in the table in this paragraph. Compliance with the tolerance levels specified in this paragraph is to be determined by measuring only the sum of clethodim, 2-[(1E)-1-[[[(2E)-3-chloro-2-propenyl]oxy]imino]propyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one, and its metabolites containing the 5-(2-ethylthiopropyl)cyclohexene-3-one and 5-(2-ethylthiopropyl)-5-hydroxycyclohexene-3-one moieties and their sulphoxides and sulphones, calculated as the stoichiometric equivalent of clethodim, in or on the commodity. [Table#7875]

New Active Ingredients ... includes chemicals not previously registered as pesticides, as well as pesticide active ingredients initially registered after November 1, 1984 and that currently have active product registrations. By law, these pesticides must meet new safety standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 and, if new safety standards are met, will be reviewed again on a 15-year cycle. Clethodim (Select) is designated by EPA as a New Pesticide Active Ingredient. Active Ingredient Number: 121011; Type of Pesticide: conventional - herbicide; Use Site: food use; Year: 1992.

For clethodim (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 121001) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Herbicide

Emulsifiable concentrate

Section 2EC Herbicide (Winfield Solutions, LLC) Clethodim 26.4%

Aceto Clethodim 2 EC (Aceto Agricultural Chemicals Corp.) Clethodim 26.4%

Tapout (Helena Chemical Co.) Clethodim 12.6%

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for Clethodim (42 total), please visit the HSDB record page.