카드뮴황

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Cd in urine = 5 ug/g creatinine; Cd in blood = 5 ug/L; sampling time not critical; Monitoring in blood should be preferred during the initial year of exposure and whenever changes in the degree of exposure are suspected. [ACGIH]

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Cadmium compounds, NOS/

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D006, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D006, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Cadmium/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. All contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea) age <24 hr neonate; Conditions: freshwater, static, pH 7.5-9.1; Concentration: 11 ug/L for 48 hr

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) age <24 hr neonate; Conditions: freshwater, static, pH 7.5-9.1; Concentration: 108 ug/L for 96 hr

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Oral (L6) ; inhalation (L6) ; dermal (L6)

Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and is transported to the kidney. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Accumulation of cadmium in the kidney results in increased excretion of vital low and high weight molecular proteins. Cadmium is a high affinity zinc analog and can interfere in its biological processes. It also binds to and activates the estrogen receptor, likely stimulating the growth of certain types of cancer cells and causing other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. Cadmium causes cell apoptosis by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases. (L8, A18, A19, A28)

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The toxicity of chemicals in sediments is influenced by the extent that chemicals bind to the sediment. It is shown that acid volatile sulfide (AVS) is the sediment phase that determines the LC50 for cadmium in the marine sediments tested. Although it is well known that metals can form insoluble sulfides, it apparently has not been recognized that AVS is a reactive pool of solid phase sulfide that is available to bind with metals. Amphipod sediment toxicity tests were conducted in the laboratory and the observed amphipod LC50s on a normalized cadmium concentration basis, [Cd]/[AVS], is the same for sediments with over an order of magnitude difference in dry weight normalized cadmium LC50s. Because other toxic metals also form insoluble sulfides, it is likely that AVS is important in determining their toxicity in sediments as well. Most freshwater and marine sediments contain sufficient acid volatile sulfide for this phase to be the predominant determinant of toxicity. The other sorption phases are expected to be important only for low AVS sediments, for example, fully oxidized sediments. From the point of view of sediment quality criteria the other sorption phases would be important for metals with large partition coefficients and large chronic water quality criteria.

Cough.

Redness. Pain.

Diarrhoea. Nausea.

Acute inhalation of cadmium fumes results in metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Ingestion of cadmium causes vomiting and diarrhea. (L6)

Cadmium sulfide (CAS # 1306-23-6; 10% in 0.5% Jaguar) was evaluated for acute oral toxicity in groups of rats (8/sex/group) exposed by oral gavage to doses ranging from 1600 to 3200 mg/kg. Treatment was associated with no mortality, slight weakness, rough coats, and light-colored feces. On necropsy, gross changes in males included flaccid and more liquid testes with congested pin-point vessels. The authors reported an oral LD50 in rats greater than 3200 mg/kg.

/Occurs in/ a greenockite (cadmium sulfide) ore containing zinc sulfide ...

Cadmium compounds are naturally occurring, albeit relatively rare, and are widely distributed in the earth's crust; crustal abundance is between 0.1 and 0.5 ppm(1,2). Several minerals of cadmium have been identified, the most common of which is greenockite, CdS(2). Cadmium is usually found in zinc ores in which the CdS crystals are isomorphic to the zinc mineral sphalerite, ZnS(2).

D006; A solid waste containing cadmium may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Cadmium/

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Cadmium sulfide is included on this list.

(AZ) ARIZONA 5 ug/L /Cadmium/

(ME) MAINE 3.5 ug/L /Cadmium/

(MN) MINNESOTA 4 ug/L /Cadmium/

Used as a pigment (plastics, paints, soaps, rubber, paper, glass, printing inks, ceramic glazes, textiles, and fireworks) and in phosphors, fluorescent screens, scintillation counters, semiconductors, photoconductors, solar cells, photomultipliers, radiation detectors, thin-film transistors, diodes/rectifiers, electron-beam pumped lasers, and smoke detectors; Also used to stabilized high-density polyethylene and in lead sealing glass binders; [HSDB] Occurs naturally in greenockite; [Ullmann]

Semiconductor Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

Ceramics making [Category: Hobbies]

Fluorescent screens, scintillation counters, rectifiers, photoconductor in xerography, transistors, photovoltaic cells, catalyst in photodecomposition of hydrogen sulfide

The hydrated bromide is prepared by dissolution of cadmium carbonate, oxide, sulfide, or hydroxide in hydrobromic acid. /Hydrated cadmium bromide/

As a pigment being fast to light and not affected by H2S; coloring glass yellow

2023: 1,113,825 lb

(1961) 1.52X10+9 GRAMS

Year, cadmium sulfide production in tons of cadmium content: 1984, 771; 1985, 477; 1986, 645; 1987, 540; 1988, 345; 1989, 267; 1990; 228.

The production of cadmium pigments is decreasing steadily as of the mid-1990s. In 1993, production was estimated to be anywhere between 1500 and 5000 metric tons. The reasonable projection for 1994 seems to be around 2000 metric tons, representing about one-third of the 1990 production. /Cadmium pigments/

Cadmium sulfide can be prepared by the reaction between hydrogen sulfide and cadmium vapor at 800 °C, or by heating a mixture of cadmium or cadmium oxide with sulfur. Usually, the sulfides are precipitated from aqueous solutions of cadmium salts by adding hydrogen sulfide or a soluble sulfide such as sodium sulfide.

A simple method involves treatment of an acidic or neutral cadmium ion solution with H2S or Na2S and collection of the dense yellow precipitate ... At room temperature one obtains yellow solids whereas from boiling solutions one obtains yellow solids at neutral pH but reddish solids at low pH.

(1) By passing hydrogen sulfide gas into a solution of a cadmium salt acidified with hydrochloric acid. The precipitate is filtered and dried.

Grade: Technical, NF, highpurity (single crystals).

Cadmium sulfide - purities: > 98-99.999%; phosphor (luminescent) grade, 99.99-99.999%

Pigment Yellow 37, CI 77199 (CdS)

Pigment Yellow 35, CI 77117 (cadmium sulfide lithopone: CdS/ZnS/BaSO4, CdS/BaSO4)

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for CADMIUM SULFIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Primary Metal Manufacturing

Cadmium sulfide (CdS): ACTIVE

A pure inorganic photoconductor has been developed consisting of uniform arrays of hexagonal microcrystallites of cadmium sulfide, each about 70 nm in diameter. These are produced by a sputtering process and are layered in a thin coat approximately 350 nm thick. They sustain a uniform charge of about 30 V. Each crystallite ... /acts/ like an independent photodiode. Coated on a substrate, such layer serves as a panchromatic film, suitable for high-resolution.

Occurs in nature as the mineral greenockite.

Cadmium sulfide may be prepared in color ranging from white to deep orange-red depending on the preparative method and resultant particle size of the material. The smaller the particle size the lighter the coloration and glass colored with cadmium sulfide is colorless when first cast from the melt where the particle size of the cadmium sulfide is less than 2 nm. Upon annealing at 700 °C, yellow-orange color develops as the particle size increases as a result of aggregation in the glass matrix.

Cadmium pigments are expensive and, where applicable, the lithopone forms are used. Lithopones are the concentrated pigments prepared with coprecipitated barium sulfate which acts as an extender. Lithopones contain ca 40 wt% concentrated pigment and ca 60 wt% barium sulfate.