Huagongshe화공사 화학 정보 인쇄 보고서 · 연구 참고용
Sodium Hydroxide
WHITE가성용액 · 나트륨수산화물리퀴드 · 히드록시나트륨용액 · 가성소다,고체 · 가성소다,과립상 · 가성소다,용구 · 가성소다,건조 · 나트륨수산화물,고체
식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 1310-73-2 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | HNaO |
| 평균 분자량 | 39.997 g/mol |
| 단동위원소 질량 | 39.99250893 g/mol |
| SMILES | [Na+].[OH-] |
| InChIKey | HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| PubChem CID | 14798 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL2105794 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:32145 |
| EC No. | 215-185-5 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID0029634 |
| 현지명 | 수산화나트륨 |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| 극성 표면적 | 1 |
|---|---|
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 1 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 1 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 0 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 2 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 2 |
| pH | Strongly alkaline (1 % solution)pH of a 0.05% wt/wt solution about 120.5% solution about 135% solution about 1410.98(1 mM solution)11.95(10 mM solution)12.88(100 mM solution) |
| 냄새 | ... Odorless ...냄새 없는 |
| 맛 | Detection - the minimum physical intensity detection by a subject where he or she is not required to identify the stimulus but just detect the existence of the stimulus - in water: 8.00X10-3 mol/L. |
| 밀도 | 1.5 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink2.13 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water2.13 g/cu cm 25 °C70-73 % solution: MP 62 °CDensity = 2.0 at 15.5 °C2.1 g/cm³1.515 g/mL at 20 °C |
| Viscosity | 4.0 cP at 350 °C |
| Color/Form | White, orthogonal crystalsColorless to white ... solid (flakes, beads, granular form).Brittle, white, translucent crystalline solid |
| 용해도 | 111 % (NIOSH, 2024)easily soluble in cold water, hot waterVery soluble in water. Freely soluble in ethanol1 g dissolves in 7.2 mL absolute alcohol, 4.2 mL methanolalso soluble in glycerol1 g dissolves in 0.9 mL water, 0.3 mL boiling waterSolubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 109 (very good)H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, 투명, 무색 |
| Corrosivity | Very corrosive (caustic) to ... aluminum metal in presence of moisture |
| 끓는 점 | greater than 266 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)Very high (USCG, 1999)13881388 °C2534 °F1390°C |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /sodium oxide/. |
| 녹는점 | 604 °F (USCG, 1999)323323 °C318 °C605 °F681 °C(lit.) |
| Polymerization | SRP4: Not polymerized |
| 증기 밀도 | <1 (vs air) |
| 증기압 | 1 mm Hg ( 745 °C) |
| 굴절률 | 1,473-1,475 |
| 인화점 | 176-178°C |
| 저장 조건 | room temp |
| 물리적 상태 | 염주 |
| 색상 | 하얀색 |
| 비중 | 2.13 |
| 용해도 | 녹는 |
| 비열 | Cp(crystal): 1.49 J/(g·K)Cp(gas): 1.2 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 14,8627 |
| 유전율 | 57.5(25℃) |
| 안정성 | 흡습성 |
| 화장품 원료 기능 | 변성제버퍼링 |
| InChI | 1S/Na.H2O/h1H2/q+1/p-1 |
| InChIKey | HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| SMILES | [OH-].[Na+] |
| NIST | Sodium hydroxide(1310-73-2) |
| EPA | Sodium hydroxide (1310-73-2) |
화학적 성질
Sodium hydroxide, NaOH,also referred to as caustic soda or sodium hydrate(and formerly known as lye), is a white,massive, deliquescent crystalline solid that is soluble in water,alcohol, and glycerol. It melts at 318°C (606 OF) and is the most widely used and available alkaline chemical. Most sodium hydroxide is produced as a coproduct of chlorine through the use of electrolytic cells;the cells are of the diaphragm, mercury, or membrane type. Some sodium hydroxide is marked as produced in the cells;most is evaporated and sold as 50% and 73% solutions or as anhydrous beads. Most caustic end uses require solutions of relatively low concentrations. Caustic soda is used as an analytical reagent and chemical intermediate, in scouring and cleaning baths,in rubber reclaiming and petroleum refining, in quenching baths for heat treating of steel,in cutting and soluble oils,in soaps and detergents, and in a wide variety of other applications.
안전 및 규제
| GHS 분류 | DangerH314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (4 of 6949) of reports. |
|---|---|
| 규제 정보 | Chemical: Sodium hydroxide (Na(OH))Hazard Traits - DermatotoxicityOcular ToxicityRespiratory ToxicityAuthoritative List - OEHHA RELsReport - if used as a fragrance or flavor ingredientRegulation (EC) No 1831/2003 (amended)Sodium hydroxide (Na(OH)) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Sodium hydroxide (Na(OH)) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)2004/129/ECStatus: Active Update: 11-05-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15566Status: Active Update: 13-07-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/24304Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 29-05-2013 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/7515 |
| 기타 안전 정보 | IMAP assessments - Sodium hydroxide (Na(OH)): Environment tier I assessmentIMAP assessments - Sodium hydroxide: Human health tier II assessment |
| 운송 라벨(DOT) | Corrosive |
| 화재 위험 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For electric vehicles or equipment, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. (ERG, 2024)· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.· Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.· Containers may explode when heated.· For electric vehicles or equipment, GUIDE 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or GUIDE 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. |
| 화재 가능성 | Not combustible. |
| 건강 유해성 | Causes severe burns of eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. (USCG, 1999)Strong corrosive action on contacted tissues. INHALATION: dust may cause damage to upper respiratory tract and lung itself, producing from mild nose irritation to pneumonitis. INGESTION: severe damage to mucous membranessevere scar formation or perforation may occur. EYE CONTACT: produces severe damage. (USCG, 1999)· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVEinhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.· Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.· Avoid any skin contact.· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination. |
| 유해성 요약 | At room temperature, sodium hydroxide is a white crystalline odorless solid that absorbs moisture from the air. It is a manufactured substance. When dissolved in water or neutralized with acid it liberates substantial heat, which may be sufficient to ignite combustible materials. Sodium hydroxide is very corrosive. It is generally used as a solid or a 50% solution. Other common names include caustic soda and lye. Sodium hydroxide is used to manufacture soaps, rayon, paper, explosives, dyestuffs, and petroleum products. It is also used in processing cotton fabric, laundering and bleaching, metal cleaning and processing, oxide coating, electroplating, and electrolytic extracting. It is commonly present in commercial drain and oven cleaners.Liquid causes second or third degree burns after short contact[CHRIS] In studies using rabbits, instillation by oral intubation caused within 10 seconds: erosion into the stomach muscle with 12% solutionsperforation with 28% solutionsand no damage with 1% solutions. Application to the skin of a 5% solution caused severe necrosis after 4 hours. Application of a 1% solution to the eyes caused no damage if the eyes were immediately irrigated. [ACGIH] Solutions > 30% are highly corrosive to skin. [Quick CPC] Inhalation of the aerosol can cause pulmonary edema. [ICSC] |
| 운송 번호 및 가이드(DOT) | 1824 1541823 1541823 154(dry, solid)1824 154(solution) |
| FDA 요건 | Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).Sodium hydroxide used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice. |
| 반응성 그룹 | Bases, StrongWater and Aqueous Solutions |
| EC 분류 | Symbol: CR: 35S: (1/2)-26-37/39-45 |
| UN 분류 | UN Hazard Class: 8UN Pack Group: II |
| 소화 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. |
| 응급 조치 | Fresh air, rest. Refer immediately for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower for at least 15 minutes. Refer immediately for medical attention.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. If within a few minutes after ingestion, one small glass of water may be given to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention. |
| 누출 비상 조치 | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Keep unauthorized personnel away.· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. |
| 응급 처치 | (Act quickly)EYES: flush with water at once for at least 15 min.SKIN: flush with water, then rinse with dilute vinegar (acetic acid).INGESTION: give water and milk. Do NOT induce vomiting. Call physician at once, even when injury seems to be slight. (USCG, 1999)Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Sodium hydroxide:Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.Skin: WATER FLUSH IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)General First Aid:· Call 911 or emergency medical service.· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.· If victim is not breathing:-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitationthe victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.· Keep victim calm and warm.· Keep victim under observation.· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.Specific First Aid:· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. |
| 안전 보관 | Separated from food and feedstuffs, strong acids and metals. Store only in original container. Dry. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. |
| 노출 관리 및 개인 보호 | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. |
| 소화 절차 | Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. |
| 보관 조건 | CONTAINERS SHOULD BE STORED IN ROOMS WITH TRAPPED FLOOR DRAINS TOWARDS WHICH FLOORS SHOULD BE SLANTED. WHERE FLOOR DRAINS ARE NOT PROVIDED, CURBS OR DRAINED GUTTER, COVERED WITH ... GRILL, SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED @ DOOR OPENINGS.Volumetric sodium hydroxide soln used in laboratory must be protected from air to avoid formation of carbonate.Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from organic and oxidizing materials, acids, metal powders. Immediately remove and properly dispose of any spilled material. |
| 정리 방법 | On/in soil (solid): Construct barriers to convert or divert to impervious surface. Promptly shovel into steel containers.Soil, Liquid: Absorb small amounts of spill with sand, vermiculite or other inert absorbant materialShovel into steel containers. May also remove material with vacuum equipment.Environment considerations - Land spill:: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash of cement powder.Environmental considerations - Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Neutralize with dilute acid.For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for SODIUM HYDROXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 비화재 누출 대응 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024) |
| 처리 방법 | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.Following neutralization either at the spill site or at a waste management facility, the resultant sludge can be disposed of in a secure landfill.SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.Put into large vessel containing water. Neutralize with HCL /hydrochloric acid/. Discharge into the sewer with sufficient water. Recommendable methods: Neutralization & discharge to sewer. Peer review: Dilute greatly (< pH 9) before discharge. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985)) |
| 누출 처리 | Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered plastic containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| 상호 작용 | An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of erythropoietin on the acute phase of esophageal burn damage induced by sodium hydroxide. A standard esophageal alkaline burn was produced by the application of 10% sodium hydroxide to the distal esophagus in an in vivo rat model. Fifty-six female rats were allocated into three groups: Group BC (baseline control, n = 8) rats were uninjured and untreated, Group PC (positive control, n = 24) rats were injured but untreated and Group EPO (erythropoietin-treated, n = 24) rats were injured and given subcutaneous erythropoietin (1,000 IU/kg per day), 15 min, 24, and 48 hr after administration of the NaOH solution. Six animals from Group PC and six from Group EPO were killed at 4, 24, 48, and 72 hr after application of NaOH to the esophagus. All of animals in Group BC were killed 4 hr after exposure to 0.9% NaCl. Oxidative damage was assessed by measuring levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in homogenized samples of esophageal tissue. Histologic damage to esophageal tissue was scored by a single pathologist blind to groups. MDA levels in the BC and EPO groups were significantly lower than those in the PC group (p < 0.05). CAT and SOD activities, and NO levels in the BC and EPO groups were significantly higher than in the PC group (p < 0.05). Esophageal tissue damage measured at 4, 24, 48, and 72 hr after NaOH application was significantly less in the EPO group than in the PC group (p < 0.05). When administered early after an esophageal burn induced by 10% sodium hydroxide in this rat model, erythropoietin significantly attenuated oxidative damage, as measured by biochemical markers and histologic scoring.SRP4: Interacts with acid salts to form bases.... Esophageal burns were induced in male rats by the administration of 10% sodium hydroxide. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) products were then measured at the following times: 0, 1, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hr after treatment. Tissue hydroxyproline (HP) concentrations in the injured area were assessed at 14 days after the administration of sodium hydroxide. The groups received either systemic melatonin or normal saline. There were two, non-ischemic, sham control groups treated with or without melatonin. LPO products, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxyalkenal (4-HDA), increased immediately after the administration of sodium hydroxidethis indicates the participation of free radicals in the development of damage. Melatonin diminished the oxidative response and the amount of HP in the late phase of the lesion. Melatonin reduced oxidative damage in the early phase of the esophageal burns induced by sodium hydroxide./SRP: Experimental/ The gastric damaging effects of necrotizing concn of sodium hydroxide were strongly reduced by paracetamol. ... Paracetamol might be protective by stimulating the biosynthesis of prostaglandins in the stomach wall.For more Interactions (Complete) data for SODIUM HYDROXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 표적 장기 | Eyes, skin, respiratory system |
| 생태독성 수치 | EC50Species: Ceriodaphnia dubia (Water Flea) age <24 hr neonateConditions: freshwater, static, 23 °CConcentration: 40380 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 34590-47130 ug/L)Effect: intoxication, immobilization /100% purity/LC50Species: Carassius auratus (Goldfish)Conditions: freshwater, staticConcentration: 160000 ug/L for 24 hrLC100Species: Cyprinus carpioConcentration: 180 ppm for 24 hr at 25 °C /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/Species: Poecilia reticulata (Guppy) age 3-4 week young organismsConditions: saltwater, renewal, 24 °C, pH >9.8-<10.0, salinity 2.8%, dissolved oxygen > or =70% saturatedConcentration: 209000 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 153000-286000 ug/L) /98.6% purity/For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for SODIUM HYDROXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 환경 거동 | AQUATIC FATE: In the case of a solid, anhydrous sodium hydroxide spill on soil, ground water pollution will occur if precipitation occurs prior to clean up. Precipitation will dissolve some of the solid (with much heat given off) and create an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, which then would be able to infiltrate the soil. However, prediction of the concentration and properties of the solution produced would be difficult. |
| 유해 작용 | Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors. |
| 노출 경로 | Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact |
| 독성 요약 | The CIR Expert Panel concluded that ... Sodium Hydroxide is safe in hair straighteners and depilatories under conditions of recommended useusers should minimize skin contact. These ingredients are safe for all other present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment when formulated to be nonirritating.Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications |
| 생태독성 발췌 | /AQUATIC SPECIES/ Concentration 20-100 mg/L in water kills some species of aquatic wildlife due to increase in pH./AQUATIC SPECIES/ Chronic exposure of guppies to sodium hydroxide (> or =25 mg/L) decreased their survival rate and weight gain, and caused either late or premature sexual maturity resulting in decreased fertility. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath.Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns. Blisters.Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe burns.Abdominal pain. Burns in mouth and throat. Burning sensation in the throat and chest. Nausea. Vomiting. Shock or collapse.irritation eyes, skin, mucous membranepneumonitiseye, skin burnstemporary loss of hair |
| Effluent Concentrations | Estimated emissions of sodium hydroxide as one of the typical pollutants released from the synthetic organic chemical manufacturing industry (production/processing) may range from (unit process, product): alkylation, ethylbenzene, 1.9 to 21.5condensation, polyethylene terephthalate, 0.065 to 23.1dehydrogenation, isoprene, 0.5 to 19dehydrohalogenation, vinylidene chloride, 45.5 to 605.5polymerization, polyethylene terephthalate, 0.1 to 23.1 (all in g/kg produced)(1). The compound was spilled at an estimated 3,500 gallons into the Newark Bay on October 1991 from the Gist Brocades facility(2). Sodium hydroxide was involved in 2.6% of 6,928 chemical accidents in the US over a 5 year period up to 1985 at a reportable quantity of 2200 kg(3). |
| ICSC Environmental Data | This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to aquatic organisms. |
| Medical Surveillance | The skin, eyes, and respiratory tract should receive special attention in any placement or periodic examination. NIOSH recommends that workers subject to sodium hydroxide exposure have comprehensive preplacement medical examinations. Medical examinations shall be made available promptly to all workers with signs or symptoms of skin, eye, or upper respiratory tract irritation resulting from exposure to sodium hydoxide. |
| FIFRA 요건 | Residues of sodium hydroxide are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: neutralizer. Limit: none.Residues of sodium hydroxide are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals. Use: neutralizer. Limit: none.The Agency has completed its review of all available information, and has determined that the data are sufficient to support reregistration of products containing sodium hydroxide. ... The Agency therefore finds that products containing sodium hydroxide as an active ingredient are eligible for reregistration. ... Although the Agency has found that certain products containing sodium hydroxide are eligible for registration, it should be understood that the Agency may take appropriate regulatory action, and/or require the submission of additional data to support the registration of products containing sodium hydroxide, if new information comes to the Agency's attention or if the data requirements for reregistration (or the guidelines for generating such data) change.As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Sodium hydroxide is found on List D. Case No: 4065Pesticide type: fungicide, herbicide, antimicrobialCase Status: RED Approved 09/92OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document .Active ingredient (AI): sodium hydroxideData Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 09/30/92AI Status: OPP has completed a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document for the case/AI. |
| CERCLA 보고 수량 | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV.D.3.b). |
| 청정수법 요건 | Sodium hydroxide is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance. |
| 직업 노출 한계(OEL) | Ceiling: 2 mg/m3 |
| 수질 위해 등급(WGK) | 1 |
| 즉시 생명 위험 농도 | 10 mg/m3 |
| TSCA 등재 상태 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 번호 | TT2975000 |
| 운송 번호(UN) | UN 1824 8/PG II/III (SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION) |
| 독성 | LD orally in rabbits: 500 mg/kg (10% soln) (Fazekas) |
| 관세 코드 | 2815 11 00 |
| 위험 문구(R) | 36/38-35-34 |
| 위험 표시 | C,Xi |
| 안전 문구(S) | 26-45-37/39-24/25-36/37/39 |
| 포장분류 | II |
| 위험 등급 | 8Eye Dam. 1Met. Corr. 1Skin Corr. 1A |
| 기존화학 물질 | KE-31487 |
| F 고인화성물질 | 8 |
| 저장 분류 | 8B - Non-combustible corrosive hazardous materials |
| 유해 물질 데이터 | 1310-73-2(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| 함량 및 규제정보 | 물질구분: 유독물질혼합물(제품)함량정보: 수산화 나트륨 및 이를 5% 이상 함유한 혼합물 |
| 유해화학물질 필터링 | 97-1-136 |
용도
용도
바이오디젤 바이오디젤을 생산할 때 수산화 나트륨은 교환반응의 촉매로 사용된다. 물과 지방은 비누화반응을 일으키기 때문에 무수수산화나트륨만 이용할 수 있다. 더 싸고 적은 양이 필요하기 때문에 수산화 칼륨에 비해 자주 쓰인다. 마약 제조 수산화 나트륨은 메스암페타민이나 다른 마약을 제조하는 데 필수적인 물질이다. 언론에 널리 알려진 것과 다르게 이것은 제조 원료로서 들어가는 것은 아니며 단지 화학 반응상 pH를 조절하기 위한 강염기로 사용되는 것이다.
용도
이것은 인견, 종이, 펄프, 비누, 합성섬유등의 제조를 위한 원료로 이용되고 있고, 산성의 처리제, 산성용액의 중화제로 사용되며 염료의 중간물, 향료, 농약, 의약품 제조, 유지의 정제에 사용된다. 식품 첨가물로서는 식품제조시 알칼리제, 중화제로 사용된다.
용도
인견, 인조섬유, 셀로판, 합성섬유의 제조, 염료중간물, 향료, 의약품, 면사 및 면포의 정련, 유지의 정제, 비누등의 제조, 종이와 펄프제조, 석유 타르유정제, 알루미나, 각종 소다 염류의 제조, 물의 연화제, 알칼리 축전지의 전기분해액, 일반세정용, 중화, 분석용시약, 염료중간물, 농약, 악취제거 등
개요
아세트산은 체내에서 당, 아미노산, 지방 등의 대사의 결과 생성되기도 한다. 알코올성 음료를 마시면 체내에 에탄올이 들어오게 되는데, 이는 알코올 수소이탈효소에 의하여 아세트알데하이드가 된다. 아세트알데하이드는 다시 알데하이드 수소이탈효소 등에 의해 아세트산으로 바뀌게 된다. 이렇게 해서 생성된 아세트산은 아세틸-CoA 등으로 바뀌어 TCA 회로에 투입되어 ATP 생산에 사용되거나 다른 대사과정에 사용된다.
용도
Sodium hydroxide is one of the most important industrial chemicals. In volume, it is in the top ten chemicals produced in the United States. It is used in manufacturing a large number of compounds including several sodium salts, in treating cellulose for producing rayon and cellophane, and in manufacturing soaps, detergents, pulp, and paper. Sodium hydroxide is a common neutralizing agent for acids in acid-base titrations and petroleum refining. Another major application is extracting metals from their ores where alkali fusion, such as fusion with caustic soda, often is applied to open the ores. Additionally, sodium hydroxide is used to precipitate metals as hydroxides. Other uses are in reclaiming rubber, dissolving casein in plastics production, refining vegetable oils, processing textiles, as an eluant in ion chromatography, etching and electroplating, and as a laboratory reagent. Sodium hydroxide also is used as a strong base in many organic synthesis and base-catalyzed reactions.
일반 설명
A white solid. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Used in chemical manufacturing, petroleum refining, cleaning compounds, drain cleaners.
제조 및 합성 방법
생산 방법
Sodium hydroxide is manufactured by electrolysis of brine using inert electrodes. Chlorine is evolved as a gas at the anode and hydrogen is evolved as a gas at the cathode. The removal of chloride and hydrogen ions leaves sodium and hydroxide ions in solution. The solution is dried to produce the solid sodium hydroxide. A second method uses the Kellner–Solvay cell. Saturated sodium chloride solution is electrolyzed between a carbon anode and a flowing mercury cathode. In this case the sodium is produced at the cathode rather than the hydrogen because of the readiness of sodium to dissolve in the mercury. The sodium–mercury amalgam is then exposed to water and a sodium hydroxide solution is produced.