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Other Classes -> Phosphorus Compounds

Reactive agents - 2nd degree

Odor of rotten eggs

Odor similar to hydrogen sulfide

Peculiar odor

2.03 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

2.03 g/cu cm

2.1 g/cm³

2.03

2.09 @25 °C

2.09

Gray to yellow-green crystals

Light yellow, triclinic crystals

Greenish-gray to yellow, crystalline solid

Solid flakes or powder

Greenish-yellow, or light-yellow crystalline mass

Reacts with water (NIOSH, 2024)

INSOL IN COLD WATER; SOL IN CARBON DISULFIDE: 0.22 G/100 CC.

Sol in carbon disulfide, aqueous soln of alkali hydroxides

In water, 1.17X10-6 mg/L at 25 °C

Solubility in water: reaction

Reacts

957 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

515 °C

513-515 °C

957 °F

514 °C @760 [mm Hg]

957 °F

Decomp on contact with water to phosphoric acid, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide.

When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of /sulfur and phosphorus oxides/.

527 °F (USCG, 1999)

285 °C

286-290 °C

527 °F

550 °F

1 mmHg at 572 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

VP: 1 mm Hg at 300 °C

1 mmHg at 572 °F

(572 °F): 1 mmHg

Danger

H228: Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]

P210, P223, P231+P232, P240, P241, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P335+P334, P304+P340, P317, P330, P370+P378, P391, P402+P404, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H228 (100%): Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]

P210, P223, P231+P232, P240, P241, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P335+P334, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P337+P317, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P402+P404, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Phosphorus sulfide (P2S5)

Phosphorus sulfide (P2S5) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Phosphorus sulfide (P2S5) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 13-09-2016 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13413

Diphosphorus pentasulphide: HSNO Approval: HSR003063 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Products of combustion include sulfur dioxide and phosphorus pentoxide, which are irritating, toxic and corrosive. (USCG, 1999)

Flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with water. Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air.

Combustible solid. Evolves hydrogen sulfide and may ignite on contact with water, acids ... May heat and ignite spontaneously.

May be ignited by spark, friction, or static discharge.

Dangerous fire hazard in the form of dust when exposed to heat or flame. Spontaneous heating in the presence of moisture. Moderate explosion hazard in solid form by spontaneous chemical reaction.

Hepatic and renal failure are prominent in deaths due to acute phosphorus poisoning. Eye and respiratory irritation occur due to the hydrolysis products hydrogen sulfide and phosphoric acid. The TLV and STEL recommended correspond to those of phosphoric acid. [ACGIH] If left on clothing, can cause reddening of skin; [CHRIS] Corrosive to eyes; A severe skin and respiratory tract irritant; [ICSC] A lachrymator; [CHEMINFO] Reacts violently with water evolving toxic and flammable gases that may spontaneously ignite; A skin and strong eye irritant; Harmful by ingestion; [Honeywell MSDS]

European Commission, ESIS; IUCLID Dataset, Diphosphorus pentasulfide (1314-80-3) p.17 (2000 CD-ROM edition) contains information on use, toxicology, and environmental effects of this chemical as supplied to the European Union by industry.[Available from the Database Query page at: as of October 1, 2009: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/]

U189; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when phosphorus sulfide as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

Excerpt from ERG Guide 139 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable and Toxic Gases)]:

Use dry powder, carbon dioxide, dry sand. NO water.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Phosphorus pentasulfide:

(General first aid procedures)

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not use water. Use dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, sodium chloride based Class D extinguishers. DO NOT use water. Fire or explosion may result. Carefully use water spray to knock down acid vapors.

... Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. Containers may explode in fire. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increase in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs or deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position.

Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from moisture, water, alcohols, strong oxidizers, acids, alkalies. Where possible, automatically transfer material from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where this chemical is handled, used, or stored. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Wherever this chemical is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from acids, alkalies, organic compounds. Always keep container closed.

Keep tightly closed.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing dust. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.

Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after clean-up is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters ...

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for Phosphorus sulfide (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U189, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Observe all federal, state, and local environmental regulations. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Remove all ignition sources. Sweep spilled substance into covered dry, sealable containers. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Nausea. Vomiting. Abdominal pain.

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; apnea, coma, convulsions; conjunctivitis pain, lacrimation (discharge of tears), photophobia (abnormal visual intolerance to light), kerato-conjunctivitis, corneal vesiculation; dizziness; headache; lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); irritability, insomnia; gastrointestinal disturbance

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Lachrymator., Stench. ... Prolonged skin contact may cause skin irritation and/or dermatitis.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Cough, shortness of breath, headache, nausea, vomiting, pulmonary edema. Effects may be delayed. Hydrogen sulfide is strongly bound to methemoglobin in a manner similar to cyanide. Toxicologically, its reaction with enzymes in the blood stream inhibits cell respiration resulting in pulmonary paralysis, sudden collapse, and death. It is recognized by its characteristic odor of rotten eggs. The detectable, minimum perceptible odor occurs at 0.13 ppm, rapid olfactory fatigue can occur at high concentrations (> 100 ppm). At concentrations of 20 ppm hydrogen sulfide begins acting as an irritant on the mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract and increases with concentration and exposure time. Eye irritation is characterized by irritation of the conjunctiva with photophobia to keratoconjunctivitis and vesiculation of the cornea epithelium. Prolonged exposure to moderate concentrations (250 ppm) may cause pulmonary edema. At concentrations over 500 ppm, drowsiness, dizziness, excitement, headache, unstable gait, and other systemic symptoms occur within a few minutes. Sudden loss of consciousness without premonition, anxiety, or sense of struggle are characteristic of acute exposure at concentrations above 700 ppm. At concentrations of 1000-2000 ppm hydrogen sulfide is rapidly absorbed through the lung into the blood. In this range a single inhalation may cause coma and may be rapidly fatal. Initially hyperpnea occurs, followed by rapid collapse and respiratory inhibition. At higher concentrations, hydrogen sulfide exerts an immediate paralyzing effect on the respiratory centers. When concentration reaches 5000 ppm, imminent death almost always results. /Hydrogen sulfide/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes, skin, and respiratory system; apnea, coma, and convulsions; conjunctival pain, lacrimation, photophobia, kerato-conjunctivitis, and corneal vasiculation; dizziness; headache; fatigue; irritability, insomnia; GI disturbance.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Rabbit: moderately irritating to the skin. Moderately irritating to the eye.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In rats (strain and sex unspecified) administered 100 mg/kg bw for 43 days, there were no effects on behavior, ... body weight, digestion, blood tests, and no macroscopic or histological signs of injury.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 5,372 workers (446 of these were female) were potentially exposed to phosphorus pentasulfide in the US(1).

The U.S. Department of Transportation ranked phosphorus pentasulfide 34th on their list of hazardous materials information systems, commodity summaries by major injuries in 1998, due to 1 major injury being reported in 1998(1).

Occupational exposure involves acetyl cellulose makers, bronze alloy makers, munitions workers, smoke bomb and incendiary makers, pesticide rat poison workers, fertilizer makers, electroluminescent-coating makers, and semiconductor workers. /Phosphorus/

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Phosphorus and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . If product was ingested, protect yourself from contact with vomitus as it may cause burns. /Phosphorus and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia (decreased LOC, tachycardia, pallor, dilated pupils, diaphoresis, and/or dextrose stick or glucometer readings below 50 mg/dl) and administer 50% dextrose if necessary. Draw blood sample before administration ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Phosphorus and related compounds/

LD50 Dermal rabbit 3.160 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 750 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 389 mg/kg

U189; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when phosphorus sulfide as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV.D.3.b).

Phosphorus pentasulfide is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

Phosphorus pentasulfide

A Commercial Grade

A Placarded Amount

Chemical or material that can be mixed with readily available materials.

Used to make lubricant additives, insecticides, matches, and other organic chemicals; [ACGIH]

Toxic Gas from Spilling Chemical in Water [Category: Other]

In manufacture of lube oil additives and pesticides... safety matches, ignition compounds, and for introducing sulfur into organic compounds.

Organic chemistry (reagent).

... Used as a desiccating agent.

Intermediate for lubricating oil additives, insecticides (chiefly parathion and malathion), flotation agents, safety matches, ignition compounds, sulfonation.

(1972) 1.81-3.63X10+9 grams

(1984) 4.95X10+9 g

CHEMICAL PROFILE: Phosphorus Pentasulfide. US Exports: 2000: 6,000 short tons; 2001: 5,100 short tons.

(1972) Negligible

CHEMICAL PROFILE: Phosphorus Pentasulfide. US Imports: 2000: 0 short tons; 2001: 100 short tons.

2023: 17,498,856 lb

(1972) 5.55X10+10 grams

(1975) 5.58X10+10 grams

(1984) 6.74X10+10 g

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#3069]

For more U.S. Production (Complete) data for Phosphorus sulfide (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

74% is used in lubricating oil additives as the precursor of organic derivatives which impart antiwear and corrosion-inhibiting properties; 23% is used to produce phosphorothioate pesticides, chiefly Parathion, Malathion; 3% in flotation agents (1972).

Lubricant additives, 50%; organophosphate pesticides, 40%; ore flotation agents, 5%; misc, 5% (1984 estimate).

CHEMICAL PROFILE: Phosphorus Pentasulfide. End-use pattern for phosphorus pentasulfide in 1987.

CHEMICAL PROFILE: Phosphorus Pentasulfide. End-use pattern for phosphorus pentasulfide in 1990.

For more Consumption Patterns (Complete) data for Phosphorus sulfide (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Addition of molten white (yellow) phosphorus to molten sulfur, with subsequent purification of the product by washing with carbon disulfide to remove small amounts of phosphorus sesquisulfide and free sulfur.

Conveniently prepared by fusing red phosphorus with sulfur.

By reaction of phosphorus and sulfur.

Phosphorus pentasuflide is produced by the direct union of phosphorus and sulfur at elevated temperatures in an inert gas atmosphere. Vaporized product is condensed and refluxed to the reactor unless distilled for purification. Phosphorus pentasulfide is produced principally as a flaked solid, some is ground to powder.

For more Methods of Manufacturing (Complete) data for Phosphorus sulfide (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Grades: technical; distilled

Grades or purity: "regular" (low reactivity), "reactive" (high reactivity), distilled, undistilled: all 99+%.

Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

Phosphorus sulfide (P2S5): ACTIVE

Occidental Chemical put 17,000 tons of capacity at Columbus, MS, on standby in January 1985, and now supplies the merchant market with material obtained from others. Stauffer operates the Mount Pleasant plant to produce non-distilled product for internal use. Stauffer ships to the merchant market from Morrisville., PA.

Generally exists as P4S10

World production in 1989 was 150-200 tons /Tetraphosphorus trisulfide/

CHEMICAL PROFILE: Phosphorus Pentasulfide. The most widely used phosphorus containing oil additives are ZDDPs (Zinc dithiophosphates). These additives are used as antioxidants, as antiwear and extreme-pressure agents and to a lesser extent as corrosion inhibitors. ZDDP compounds protect metal surfaces by forming a phosphorus-based coating that prevents direct metal-to-metal contact. Finished motor oils currently contain an average of about 1 percent ZDDP by weight. The consumption of phosphorus pentasulfide for ZDDP produced for US consumption appears to have stabilized and little change is expected during the forecast period to 2005 as US demand for lubricants is expected to show only flat to modest growth during this period.