불산
플루오르화수소산 · OHS여301 · 히드로플루오릭산(HYDROFLUORICACID) · 불산 · 불화수소 · 불화수소산 · 수소플루오르화 · 하이드로플루오릭산
식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 12381-92-9 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | FH |
| 평균 분자량 | 20.0064 g/mol |
| 단동위원소 질량 | 20.00622819 g/mol |
| SMILES | F |
| InChIKey | KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 14917 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:24061 |
| EC No. | 231-634-8 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID1049641 |
| 현지명 | 불산 |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| XLogP | 0.6 |
|---|---|
| 극성 표면적 | 0 |
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 1 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 1 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 0 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 1 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 0 |
| pH | In water a weak acid3.27(1 mM solution)2.65(10 mM solution)2.12(100 mM solution) |
| LogP(분배 계수) | 0.23 (estimated) |
| 냄새 | ... Strong, irritating odor ...매콤하고 자극적인 냄새 |
| 밀도 | 1.23 for 70% solution (ICSC, 2024) - Denser than waterwill sink0.991 at 67.1 °F (EPA, 1998) - Less dense than waterwill float1.002 at 0 °C/4 °CCritical density, 0.29 g/mLcritical compressibility factor 0.117density, liquid: 0.958 g/mL at 25 °Cheat of fusion: 3.931 kJ/mol at 83.6 °Cheat capacity at constant pressure (liquid at 16 °C): 50.6 J/(mol K)heat of formation, ideal gas: -272.5 kJ/mol at 25 °Cfree energy of formation, ideal gas: -274.6 kJ/mol at 25 °C entropy, ideal gas: 173.7 J/(mol K) at 25 °Cmolar refractivity: 2.13 cu cmdielectric constant: 83.6 at 0 °Cdipole moment: 6.104X10-30 Cmthermal conductivity at 25 °C (J/s cm °C): 4.1X10-3 (liquid)2.1X10-4 vaporcryoscopic constant (Kf): 1.52 m/kg °Cebullioscopic constant (Kb): 1.9 mol/kg °CRelative density (water = 1): 1.0 (liquid at 4 °C)Relative density (water = 1): 1.231.15 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
| Color/Form | Colorless gas, fumes in air |
| 용해도 | Miscible (ICSC, 2024)Miscible (NIOSH, 2024)Miscible with waterVery soluble in waterVery soluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in ether, soluble in many organic solventsSolubility (wt% at 5 °C): 2.54 (benzene)1.80 (toluene)1.28 (m-xylene)0.27 (tetralin)very soluble in H2O, ethanolsoluble in ethyl ether |
| Corrosivity | Corrosive, dissolves silica, silicic acid, glass |
| 인화점 | Not Flammable (EPA, 1998)112°C |
| 끓는 점 | 152 °F at 760 mmHg for 70% solution (ICSC, 2024)67.1 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)19.51 °C2.5 °C at 400 mm Hg-13.2 °C at 200 mm Hg-28.2 °C at 100 mm Hg-45.0 °C at 40 mm Hg-56.0 °C at 20 mm Hg-74.7 °C at 5 mm Hg20 °C66,4 °C67 °F105°C |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomp it emits highly corrosive fumes of /hydrogen fluoride/. |
| 녹는점 | -92.2 °F for 70% solution (ICSC, 2024)-118.4 °F (EPA, 1998)-83.57 °C-83 °C- 69 °C-118 °F-35°C |
| 증기 밀도 | 1.86 at 77 °F for 70% solution (ICSC, 2024) - Heavier than airwill sink (Relative to Air)0.7 (EPA, 1998) - Lighter than airwill rise (Relative to Air)1.27 (Air = 1) at 34 °CRelative vapor density (air = 1): 0.7-2.6Relative vapor density (air = 1): 1.86 (at 25 °C)1.27 (vs air) |
| 증기압 | 25 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| 저장 조건 | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
| pKa(산도 계수) | 3.17(at 25℃) |
| 물리적 상태 | 액체, 이중 하위 끓는점 석영 증류 |
| 비중 | 1.15 |
| 색상 | APHA: ≤10 |
| 용해도 | 녹는 |
| Merck | 14,4790 |
| 헨리 상수 | 1.3×102 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Fredenhagen and Wellmann (1932) |
| 유전율 | 17.0(-73℃) |
| 안정성 | 안정적인. 흡습성. 유리, 알칼리 금속, 경금속, 알칼리 토금속과 호환되지 않습니다. |
| InChI | 1S/FH/h1H |
| InChIKey | KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | [H+].[F-] |
| LogP(분배 계수) | 0.1 at 20℃ |
| NIST | Hydrogen fluoride(7664-39-3) |
| EPA | Hydrofluoric acid (7664-39-3) |
화학적 성질
colourless gas with a pungent odour
안전 및 규제
| GHS 분류 | DangerH300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| Hazards Identification | Toxic/poison by inhalation (TIH/PIH) |
| 규제 정보 | Chemical: Hydrofluoric acidSpecific Information Requirement: Obligations to provide information apply. These obligations are:1. If the assessment report about the chemical recommends secondary notification of the chemical in particular circumstances and any of the circumstances occur in relation to the introduction (importation or manufacture) of the chemical by a person, then the person introducing this chemical must tell us in writing within 28 calendar days that the circumstances have occurred.2. A person who introduces this chemical must tell us in writing within 28 calendar days if they become aware of any of the following circumstances, namely, that since the assessment under the Industrial Chemicals (Notification and Assessment) Act 1989:a. the function or use of the chemical has changed, or is likely to change, significantlyb. the amount of the chemical being introduced has increased, or is likely to increase, significantlyc. in the case of a chemical not manufactured, or proposed to be manufactured, in Australia at the time of the assessmentâit has begun to be manufactured in Australiad. the method of manufacture of the chemical in Australia has changed, or is likely to change, in a way that may result in an increased risk of an adverse effect of the chemical on occupational health and safety, public health or the environmente. additional information has become available to the person as to an adverse effect of the chemical on occupational health and safety, public health or the environment.Hazard Traits - Musculoskeletal ToxicityOcular ToxicityRespiratory ToxicityAuthoritative List - CA TACsOEHHA RELs |
용도
개요
Hydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. Hydrofluoric acid is highly corrosive inorganic acid. It is utilized widely in the manufacture of ceramics and graphite, in the electropolishing and pickling of metals, in the etching and frosting of glass, in the semiconductor industry as etchant and cleaning agent, in the chemical and oil-refining industries, and in cleaning solutions, laundry powder and pesticides. Hydrofluoric acid is also widely used in the preparation of many useful fluorine compounds, such as Teflon, Freon, fluorocarbons, and many medications such as fluoxetine (Prozac).
용도
Hydrofluoric acid is used as a fluorinatingagent, as a catalyst, and in uranium refining.It is also used for etching glass and forpickling stainless steel. Hydrogen fluoridegas is produced when an inorganic fluoride is distilled with concentrated sulfuricacid.
일반 설명
HF is a colorless inorganic acid. Hydrogen fluoride may be formed by reacting calcium fluoride and sulfuric acid at 200oC. The fluoride in the acid has very high affinity to silicon, making it useful in etching or removal of silicon.
제조 및 합성 방법
생산 방법
Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride is manufactured by the action of sulfuric on calcium fluoride. Powdered acid-grade fluorspar (≥97% CaF2) is distilled with concentrated sulfuric acid; the gaseous hydrogen fluoride that leaves the reactor is condensed and purified by distillation. Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride is manufactured by treating fluorspar (fluorite, CaF2) with concentrated sulfuric acid in heated kilns. The gaseous HF evolved is purified by distillation, condensed as liquid anhydrous HF, and stored in steel tanks and cylinders.