Huagongshe화공사 화학 정보 인쇄 보고서 · 연구 참고용
암모니아수
XIDE((NH4)(OH)))암모늄수산화물((NH4)(OH)) · 안수 · 암모니아용액 · 수산화암모늄수 · 수화암모니아 · 암모니아액체 · 암모니아수 · 암모니아수15%
식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 1336-21-6 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | H5NO |
| 평균 분자량 | 35.046 g/mol |
| 단동위원소 질량 | 35.03711378 g/mol |
| SMILES | [NH4+].[OH-] |
| InChIKey | VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 14923 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:18219 |
| EC No. | 215-647-6 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID4020080 |
| 현지명 | 암모니아수 |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| 극성 표면적 | 2 |
|---|---|
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 2 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 1 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 0 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 2 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 0 |
| 물질 분류 | Other Classes -> BasesCorrosives |
| 화장품 | Cosmetic ingredients (Ammonium Hydroxide) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)BufferingDenaturant |
| pH | pH= 11.6 (1.0 N solution)11.1 (0.1 N solution)10.6 (0.01 N solution)10.09(1 mM solution)10.61(10 mM solution)11.12(100 mM solution) |
| 냄새 | Intense, pungent, suffocating odor17ppm에서 감지 가능한 강한 자극성 암모니아 냄새 |
| 맛 | Acrid tasteThreshold value (unspecified-detection or recognition) of an unspecified purity in water is 3.40x10+1 ppm.Threshold value (unspecified-detection or recognition) of an unspecified purity in coffee brew is 1.04x10+2 ppm. |
| 식품 첨가물 | LEAVENING AGENT, PH CONTROL AGENT, SURFACE-FINISHING AGENT -> FDA Substance added to food |
| 밀도 | About 0.90 @ 25 °C/25 °CRelative density (water = 1): 0.9 (25%)0.9 @25 °C0.91 g/mL at 20 °C |
| Color/Form | Colorless liquid |
| 용해도 | Exists only in solutionSolubility in water: miscible물 에 용해 |
| Corrosivity | Dissolves copper, zinc |
| 끓는 점 | 38 °C (25%)36 °C @760 [mm Hg]36°C |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomposition it emits ammonia and nitroxides. |
| 녹는점 | -77°C |
| 증기 밀도 | 1.2 (vs air) |
| 증기압 | 115 mmHg at 20 °C for 29% solution |
| 저장 조건 | 2-8°C |
| 물리적 상태 | 액체, 단일 하위 끓는점 석영 증류 |
| pKa(산도 계수) | 9.3(at 25℃) |
| 비중 | approximate 0.96 (10%, 15℃) |
| 색상 | 무색의 |
| 폭발한계 | 27% |
| 용해도 | 물과 섞일 수 있습니다. |
| 비열 | Cp(liquid): 4.42 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 14,494 |
| BRN | 3587154 |
| 안정성 | 안정적인. 구리, 구리 합금, 산, 아연 도금 철, 아연, 알루미늄, 청동, 디메틸 황산염, 수은, 알칼리 금속과 호환되지 않습니다. |
| 주요 응용 | PFAS 테스트환경음식 및 음료 |
| 화장품 원료 기능 | 버퍼링변성제 |
| InChI | 1S/H3N.H2O/h1H31H2 |
| InChIKey | VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | [NH4+].[OH-] |
| EPA | Ammonium hydroxide (1336-21-6) |
화학적 성질
Ammonium hydroxide exists only in the form of an aqueous solution. The compound is prepared by dissolving NH3 in H2O and usually is referred to in industrial trade as aqua ammonia. For industrial procurements, the concentration of NH3 in solution is normally specified in terms of the specific gravity (degrees Baum′e, °Be). Common concentrations are 20 °Be and 26 °Be. The former is equivalent to a sp gr of 0.933, or a concentration of about 17.8% NH3 in solution; the latter is equivalent to a sp gr of 0.897, or a concentration of about 29.4% NH3. These figures apply at a temperature of 60 °F (15.6 °C). Reagent grade NH4OH usually contains approximately 58% NH4OH (from 28 to 30% NH3 in solution).
안전 및 규제
| GHS 분류 | DangerH314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]P260, P264, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (4 of 6275) of reports.H314 (99.9%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation] |
|---|---|
| Hazards Identification | Toxic/poison by inhalation (TIH/PIH) |
| 규제 정보 | Chemical: Ammonium hydroxideRegulation (EC) No 178/2002 (amended)Ammonium hydroxide ((NH4)(OH)) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Ammonium hydroxide ((NH4)(OH)) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 29-05-2013 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/7510Ammonium hydroxide: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standardThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| 기타 안전 정보 | IMAP assessments - Ammonium hydroxide: Environment tier I assessment |
| 운송 라벨(DOT) | Corrosive |
| 화재 위험 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:· Some may burn but none ignite readily.· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.Not combustible. |
| 건강 유해성 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVEmay be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. |
| 유해성 요약 | Corrosive to skin[Quick CPC] High inhalation exposure can cause pulmonary edema. [HSDB] A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes and respiratory tractInhalation of high concentrations may cause laryngeal edema, respiratory tract inflammation, and pneumoniaProlonged or repeated exposure to vapor or aerosol may cause injury to lungs[ICSC] Solution of <28% aqueous ammonia: Causes burnsShort-term exposure causes smarting of the skin and first-degree burnsSecond-degree burns can result from extended exposure[CHRIS] Human inhalation of 408 ppm causes focal fibrosis (pneumoconiosis) and acute pulmonary edema[RTECS] Causes burnsA lachrymatorToxic by ingestionInhalation may cause corrosive injuries to upper respiratory tract and lungs[Aldrich MSDS] See Ammonia.The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of ammonium hydroxide stem from its toxicologic properties. Toxic by all routes (ie, inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact), exposure to this colorless, intensely pungent-smelling liquid may occur from its use in fertilizers, dyes, explosives, plastics, cleansing agents, fibers, and resins. Effects from exposure may include extreme irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes, contact burns to the skin and eyes, and life-threatening pulmonary edema. In activities and situations where over-exposure is possible, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus, and protective clothing (including full face protection). If contact should occur, immediately flush affected skin or eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes, and remove contaminated clothing and shoes at the site. While ammonium hydroxide does not ignite easily, it can burn with the production of irritating or poisonous gases. Fires involving ammonium hydroxide may be extinguished with dry chemical, CO2, Halon, water spray, fog, or standard foam. Ammonium hydroxide may be shipped via air, rail, road, and water, in containers bearing warning labels that differ depending upon the density, specific gravity, and percent composition of the solution being shipped. Consult the regulatory requirements of the US Department of Transportation before shipping. Ammonium hydroxide should be stored in cool, well-ventilated areas, in strong glass, plastic, or rubber stoppered bottles, away from heavy metals, acids, and combustibles (eg, wood, paper, oil). For small spills of ammonium hydroxide, first isolate the spill area, then take up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent and place into a container for later disposal. Large spills should be diked far ahead of the spill, taking care to stay out of low areas. Before implementing land disposal of waste ammonium hydroxide, consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance. |
| 운송 번호 및 가이드(DOT) | 2073 1252672 1543318 125 |
| FDA 요건 | Ammonium hydroxide used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| 반응성 그룹 | Bases, Weak |
| UN 분류 | UN Hazard Class: 8UN Pack Group: III |
| EPA Safer Chemical | Chemical: Ammonium hydroxide |
| 소화 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. |
| 응급 조치 | Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower for at least 15 minutes. Refer immediately for medical attention .Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention . |
| 누출 비상 조치 | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
| 응급 처치 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:General First Aid: |
| 안전 보관 | Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. |
| 노출 관리 및 개인 보호 | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). |
| 보관 조건 | Keep cool in strong glass, plastic, or rubber stoppered bottles not completely filled. /Ammonia water: 28-29%/ |
| 비화재 누출 대응 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
| 처리 방법 | SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.Neutralization: Put into large vessel containing water. Neutralize with hydrochloric acid. ... Recommendable methods: Landfill, ... chemical treatment. Not recommendable method: Thermal destruction. Peer-review: Small amounts only: Landfill, great dilution before discharge to sewer. Large amounts of ammonia in landfill leachate may make disposal of leachate difficult. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985)) |
| 누출 처리 | Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Cautiously neutralize spilled liquid with dilute acid such as dilute sulfuric acid. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. |
| Preventive Measures | SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.Use care in handling strong ammonia solution because of caustic nature of solution & irritating properties of its vapor. Cool container well before opening, & cover closure with a cloth or similar material while opening.... GREATEST HAZARD OF WORKING WITH ALKALINE MATERIALS IS FROM SPLASH OR SPLATTER OF PARTICLES OR SOLN OF STRONGER ALKALIES ENTERING EYES OF WORKMEN. THIS CAN BE PREVENTED BY USE OF EYE PROTECTION THAT IS EFFECTIVE AT ALL ANGLES. PROPER PROVISIONS SHOULD ... BE AVAIL FOR IMMEDIATE & PROLONGED WASHING WITH WATER SHOULD ... EYE CONTAMINATION OCCUR.SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. |
| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:Immediate precautionary measureSmall spill: |
| 생태독성 수치 | LC50 Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) 0.024-0.093 mg/l/48 hr. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/LC50 Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) 0.974 mg/liter/one week pH= 7.7 Temp= 21.1 degrees C. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/LC50 Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) 1.27 mg/liter/one week pH= 7.8 Temp= 21.7 degrees C. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/LC50 Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) 1.41 mg/liter/one week pH= 7.8 Temp= 22.8 degrees C. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 유해 작용 | Dermatotoxin - Skin burns. |
| 노출 경로 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol or vapour and by ingestion. |
| 독성 요약 | The CIR Expert Panel concluded that Ammonia and Ammonium Hydroxide are safe as used in hair dyes and colors and safe in cosmetics applied directly to the skin in the present practices of use and concentration described in the safety assessment when formulated to be non-irritating.Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath.Redness. Pain. Blisters. Serious skin burns.Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe burns.Sore throat. Vomiting. Abdominal pain. |
| ICSC Environmental Data | The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. |
| Medical Surveillance | The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to ammonia at potentially hazardous levels: (1) A complete medical history and physical examination: the purpose is to detect existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk, and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring. Examination of the eyes and respiratory tract should be stressed. The skin should be examined for evidence of chronic disorders(2) 14" x 17" chest roentgenogram: Ammonia causes human lung damage. Surveillance of the lung is indicated(3) FVC and FEV (1 sec): Ammonia is a respiratory irritant. Persons with impaired pulmonary function may be at increased risk from exposure. Periodic surveillance is indicated. Medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis, except that an X-ray is necessary only when indicated by the results of pulmonary function testing, or by signs and symptoms of respiratory disease. /Ammonia/ |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | ... IN CASE IN WHICH 1 DROP OF AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE SOLN OF APPROX 9% CONCN WAS ACCIDENTALLY APPLIED TO PATIENTS EYE, & IRRIGATION WITH WATER ... STARTED WITHIN 10 SEC BECAUSE OF IMMEDIATE SEVERE PAIN & BLEPHAROSPASM, PH OF CONJUNCTIVA & CORNEA ... WITHIN 3 MIN ... RETURNED TO NORMAL, YET MOST OF CORNEAL EPITHELIUM WAS ALREADY LOST.IN SEVERE INJURIES, WHERE CONCN AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE SOLN ... HAS SPLASHED INTO EYE, OR FOLLOWING CONTACT WITH DIL SOLN, BUT WITH DELAY IN 1ST AID IRRIGATION, THROMBOSIS OF CONJUNCTIVAL & EPISCLERAL VESSELS, EVIDENT ON BIOMICROSCOPIC EXAM, MAY GIVE EARLY EYE UNNATURAL PALLOR & COOKED APPEARANCE.... A CASE OF SEVERE CORNEAL & CONJUNCTIVAL ULCER WHICH DEVELOPED 10 DAYS AFTER AMMONIA WATER SPLASHED IN EYE /IS REPORTED/.AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE DIFFERS FROM OTHER ALKALIS IN ITS VOLATILITYVAPOR (NH3) EVEN IN LOW CONCN IS EXTREMELY IRRITATING TO SKIN, EYES, & RESP PASSAGES. ... INGESTION OF AMMONIA SOLN PRODUCES EFFECTS SIMILAR TO OTHER CORROSIVE ALKALIS, NOTABLY CORROSIVE ESOPHAGITIS & GASTRITIS.For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts | ... APPLICATION OF 28.5% AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE TO /RABBIT/ EYES FOR 2-20 SEC (BEFORE IRRIGATION WITH WATER) CAUSES INJURY RANGING FROM FAINT PERMANENT CORNEAL NEBULA TO PROFOUND CORNEAL OPACIFICATION & VASCULARIZATION PROPORTIONAL TO LENGTH OF EXPOSURE ... .SOLN AT PH 9-11.5 APPLIED CONTINUOUSLY TO GINGIVAL CREVICE OF MONKEYS CAUSED ULCERATIVE LESIONS SIMILAR TO THOSE SEEN IN ACUTE NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE GINGIVITIS, BUT GINGIVAL DESTRUCTION MAY HAVE BEEN DUE TO UNIONIZED AMMONIA LIBERATED FROM AMMONIUM SOLN.Using a (51)Chromium release assay, the cytotoxic potencies of 56 test substances were evaluated in corneal endothelial cell cultures. All of these substances were nonirritants. Ammonium hydroxide was one of the tested substances.Acids and alkalies /ammonium hydroxide/ were instilled into the eyes of 2 groups of rabbitsthe eyes of 1 group were washed with tap water 30 seconds after exposure. All the alkalies of pH 11.5-13.5 produced opacities and other ocular damage of different degrees depending upon the alkali and its concn. Acidity and alkalinity of the test material are not the only factors to be considered in relation to a substances' capacity to produce severe ocular injury. The concn of the test chemical and its period of contact with the eye prior to washing are also important.For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Antidote and Emergency Treatment | Agents causing ocular burns, steps in treatment, and special problems are described. Injuries are caused by neutral organic, acid, and alkali compounds. Contact time and pH are the most important variables in any chemical burn. The corneal epithelium and endothelium provide a barrier to water soluble substances while the stroma is a barrier to lipid soluble substances. Alkali compounds cause most severe injuries depending on the hydroxyl ion concentration and the cation. Calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide are most often responsible for alkali burns. Ammonium hydroxide penetrates most rapidly of all alkali compounds.Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 6 to 12 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize. Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic bases/alkaline corrosives and related cmpds/Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Early intubation, at the first signs of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of pulmonary edema. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic bases/alkaline corrosives and related cmpds/ |
| Toxicity Data | LCLo (human) = 5,000 ppm |
| Non-Human Toxicity Values | LD50 Rat oral 350 mg/kg |
| FIFRA 요건 | Residues of ammonium hydroxide are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solvent, cosolvent, neutralizer, or solublizing agent in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. |
| CERCLA 보고 수량 | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
| 청정수법 요건 | Designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. |
| 수질 위해 등급(WGK) | 2 |
| TSCA 등재 상태 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 번호 | BQ9625000 |
| 운송 번호(UN) | UN 3318 2.3 (AMMONIA SOLUTION, relative density less than 0.880 at 15 °C in water, with more than 50 % ammonia) |
| 독성 | LD50 oral (rat) 350 mg/kg PEL (OSHA) 35 ppm (27 mg/m3) TLV-TWA (ACGIH) 25 ppm (17 mg/m3) STEL (ACGIH) 35 ppm (27 mg/m3) |
| 관세 코드 | 28142000 |
| 위험 문구(R) | 34-50-22 |
| 위험 표시 | C,N |
| 안전 문구(S) | 26-36/37/39-45-61 |
| 포장분류 | III |
| 위험 등급 | 8Aquatic Acute 1Aquatic Chronic 2Eye Dam. 1Skin Corr. 1BSTOT SE 3 |
| 기존화학 물질 | KE-01688 |
| F 고인화성물질 | 34 |
| 자연 발화 온도 | 690 °C (for ammonia) |
| 저장 분류 | 8B - Non-combustible, corrosive hazardous materials |
| 유해 물질 데이터 | 1336-21-6(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| 함량 및 규제정보 | 물질구분: 유독물질혼합물(제품)함량정보: 암모니아 및 이를 10% 이상 함유한 혼합물 |
| 유해화학물질 필터링 | 97-1-184 |
| 사고대비 물질 필터링 | 44 |
용도
개요
Ammonium hydroxide is a colorless, liquid solution with a characteristic and pungent odor. It is ammonia combined with water. Ammonia (NH3) is a compound consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen. Both ammonia and ammonium hydroxide are very common compounds, found naturally in the environment (in air, water, and soil) and in all plants and animals, including humans. Ammonia is a source of nitrogen, an essential element for plants and animals. Ammonia is also produced by the human body – by our organs and tissues and by beneficial bacteria living in our intestines.Ammonia plays an important role in protein synthesis in the human body. In brief summary, all living things need proteins, which are comprised of some 20 different amino acids. While plants and microorganisms can synthesize most amino acids from the nitrogen in the atmosphere, animals cannot. For humans, some amino acids cannot be synthesized at all and must be consumed as intact amino acids. Other amino acids, however, can be synthesized by microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract with the help of ammonia ions. Thus, ammonia is a key player in the nitrogen cycle and in protein synthesis. Ammonia also helps maintain the body's pH balance.
용도
Ammonium hydroxide is used as a cleaning agent and sanitizer in many household and industrial cleaners. Ammonium hydroxide is also used in the manufacture of products such as fertilizer, plastic, rayon and rubber. Aqueous ammonia is corrosive to aluminum alloys, copper, copper alloys, and galvanized surfaces. Aqueous ammonia is an excellent acid neutralizer.
일반 설명
Ammonium hydroxide appears as a colorless aqueous solution. Concentration of ammonia ranges up to approximately 30%. Ammonia vapors (which arise from the solution) irritate the eyes. It has a role as a food acidity regulator.