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SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Tolerances are established for residues of the insecticide etoxazole, 2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-ethoxyphenyl]-4,5-dihydrooxazole, in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: apple, wet pomace 0.50 ppm; cattle, fat 0.02 ppm; cattle, liver 0.01 ppm; cotton, gin byproducts 1.0 ppm; cotton, undelinted seed 0.05 ppm; fruit, pome, group 11, 0.20 ppm; goat, fat 0.02 ppm; goat, liver 0.01 ppm; horse, fat 0.02 ppm; horse, liver 0.01 ppm; milk, fat 0.01 ppm; sheep, fat 0.02 ppm; sheep, liver 0.01 ppm; strawberry 0.50 ppm; and tangerine 0.10 ppm (There are no U.S. registrations for use of etoxazole on tangerine as of September 26, 2003).

LD50 Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) oral >2000 mg/kg

LC50 Japanese Carp 0.89 mg/L 96 Hr ; >20 ppm 48 Hr

LD50 Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite quail) dietary >5200 ppm (5 days)

LD50 Bee contact >200 ug/bee

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values greater than 5,000(2) indicate that etoxazole is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of etoxazole from moist soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.0X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from a vapor pressure of 1.64X10-8 mm Hg(3) and a water solubility of 7.54X10-2 mg/L(3). Etoxazole is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). The mean of seven half-life values for the biodegradation of etoxazole in a variety of soils was reported as 20.5 days(2).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values greater than 5,000(2), indicate that etoxazole is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.0X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from a vapor pressure of 1.64X10-8 mm Hg(4), and water solubility of 7.54X10-2 mg/L(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 10,000(SRC), from a log Kow of 5.59(4), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). Etoxazole is expected to be biodegraded in water based on a mean half-life of 20.5 days in soil(2). Etoxazole is considered to be degraded under acidic conditions, but stable at pH 7-9(2). This substance was reported to be degraded in approximately 10 days at pH 5(2).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), etoxazole, which has a vapor pressure of 1.64X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase etoxazole may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The effects of etoxazole were evaluated in freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus. No changes were observed in the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase measured in liver after 1, 7, and 15 days of exposure to sublethal concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1% of field application rate (134.75 ppm). ...The exposure of fish led to sharp depletion in AChE activity up to 80% while there is no significant alteration in Na+K+-ATPase activity.

Measured Koc values for etoxazole have been reported to be greater than 5,000 in seven out of eight soils tested(1). Additional information regarding these values were not provided(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these Koc values suggest that etoxazole is expected to be immobile in soil.

An estimated BCF of 10,000 was calculated for etoxazole(SRC), using a log Kow of 5.59(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC), provided the compound is not altered physically or chemically once released into the environment.

The Henry's Law constant for etoxazole is estimated as 1.0X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 1.64X10-8 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 7.54X10-2 mg/L(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that etoxazole is not expected to volatilize from moist soil or water surfaces(2). Etoxazole is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ No skin or eye irritation (rabbits). Not a skin sensitizer (guinea pigs).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Primary eye irritation /study in/ rabbits /showed/ conjunctivitis in 3/3 eyes at 1 hr after instillation. All irritation resolved by 48 hours. /TetraSan 5 WDG Insecticide/ /from table/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ /Etoxazole/ YI-5301 (purity = 97.99%) was admixed to the diet and fed to 12 Crj:CD-1 mice per sex per dose at dose levels of 0 (basal diet only), 100, 400, 1600, or 6400 ppm (0, 13.4, 55.1, 213.6, 878.4 mg/kg/day, respectively for males and 0, 15.2, 62.0, 250.5, 994.5 mg/kg/day, respectively for females) for 13 weeks. No mortalities occurred. No treatment-related clinical signs were observed. A treatment-related increase in the mean serum alkaline phosphatase was observed in both sexes at 6400 ppm. A treatment-related increase in mean relative liver weight in males at 1600 and 6400 ppm and in females at 6400 ppm was observed. Microscopic examination revealed treatment-related centrilobular hepatocellular swelling in males at 1600 and 6400 ppm and in females at 6400 ppm, and periportal hepatocellular necrosis in both sexes at 6400 ppm. Possible adverse effect: periportal hepatocellular necrosis. NOEL (M) = 55.1 mg/kg/day (400 ppm) and NOEL (F) = 250.5 mg/kg/day (1600 ppm) based on increased mean relative liver weight and centrilobular hepatocellular swelling.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ /Etoxazole/ YI-5301 (purity = 96.26%) was admixed to the diet and fed to 12 Sprague-Dawley (Crj:CD) rats per sex per dose at dose levels of 0 (diet only), 100, 300, 1000, or 3000 ppm (0, 6.12, 18.28, 61.8, 183.7 mg/kg/day, respectively for males and 0, 6.74, 20.50, 69.0, 204.8 mg/kg/day, respectively for females) for 13 weeks. No mortalities occurred. No treatment-related clinical signs were observed. A treatment-related increase in the mean serum ?-glutamyl transpeptidase level was observed in both sexes at 3000 ppm. A treatment-related increase in mean relative liver weight in males at 300, 1000 and 3000 ppm and in females at 1000 and 3000 ppm was observed. Macroscopic examination revealed treatment-related enlarged livers in males at 3000 ppm and in females at 1000 and 3000 ppm. Microscopic examination revealed treatment-related centrilobular hepatocellular swelling in males at 1000 and 3000 ppm and in females at 3000 ppm.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ETOXAZOLE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Tolerances are established for residues of the insecticide etoxazole, 2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-ethoxyphenyl]-4,5-dihydrooxazole, in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: apple, wet pomace; cattle, fat; cattle, liver; cotton, gin byproducts; cotton, undelinted seed; fruit, pome, group 11; goat, fat; goat, liver; horse, fat; horse, liver; milk, fat; sheep, fat; sheep, liver; strawberry; and tangerine (There are no U.S. registrations for use of etoxazole on tangerine as of September 26, 2003).