2-머캅토에탄올

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

General First Aid:

Alcohol foam

To fight fire use alcohol foam, CO2, or dry chemical.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Sulfhydryl agents, /including/ mercaptoethanol, increase non-specifically the potency of various agonists (acetylcholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, nicotine, bradykinin, prostaglandin E2) on the guinea pig ileum. These effects are of non-cholinergic origin and are not related to prostaglandin synthesis. Sulfydryl agents act directly on the smooth muscle cells of the guinea pig ileum most probably by reducing disulfide bonds located on the membrane surface and by this mechanism modulate the muscular contractile activity.

The negative inotropic effect produced by low concentration of mercaptoethanol on isolated frog heart was blocked by pretreatment with atropine.

2-Mercaptoethanol induced arteriosclerosis and endothelial cell cytotoxicity in baboons were inhibited by sulfinpyrazone.

... A reduction in SCE frequency was observed when cells were cultured with 20 microM 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-ME )and IL-2 compared to interleukin-2 (IL-2) alone. Three nuclear proteins, with relative molecular masses of approximately 13,000-18,000, 20,000, and 80,000, were phosphorylated in IL-2-exposed G1-phase nuclei. Elicitation of these nuclear proteins in IL-2-exposed cells was not affected by exposure to 2-ME.

...The effect of NaBu plus IL-2 was markedly augmented by 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), which showed a slight or null effect on the response of untreated, IL-2-treated or NaBu-treated B cells, as assessed by both anti-TNP plaque-forming cell assay and anti-TNP IgM ELISA. ... 2-ME enhanced the anti-TNP antibody production induced by other short-chain fatty acids with three to five carbon atoms plus IL-2. The proliferation of B cells was significantly inhibited by NaBu or NaBu plus IL-2, and the proliferation was completely restored by the simultaneous addition of 2-ME.

LC50 Poecilia reticulata (Guppy) 187 mg/L/24 hr /formulated product/ /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

EC50 Pseudomonas putida (cell multiplic. inhib. test) 125 mg/L/17 hr

EC50 Scenedesmus subspicatus (cell multiplic. inhib. test) 12 mg/L/72 hr

EC50 Daphnia magna (Straus) 3.2 mg/L/24 hr; toxic effect: immobilization /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-MERCAPTOETHANOL (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.3(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-mercaptoethanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-mercaptoethanol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its extrapolated vapor pressure, 1.76 mm Hg(4), and an assigned value for water solubility of 1.00X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(3). 2-Mercaptoethanol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). A 29% biomineralization after 55 days under methanogenic conditions(5) indicates that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in anoxic soil environments(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.3(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-mercaptoethanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.76 mm Hg(4), and assigned water solubility(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3.0(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -0.20(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 29% biomineralization after 55 days under methanogenic conditions(9) indicates that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in anoxic aquatic environments(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-mercaptoethanol, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 1.76 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-mercaptoethanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8.5 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 2-Mercaptoethanol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

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Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 2-mercaptoethanol can be estimated to be 1.3(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-mercaptoethanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

2-Mercaptoethanol's production and use as a solvent for dyestuffs, intermediate for producing dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, rubber chemicals, flotation agents, insecticides, plasticizers, water-soluble reducing agent, biochemical reagent, PVC stabilizers, agricultural chemicals, and textile auxiliary(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). 2-Mercaptoethanol is a hydrolysis product of the chemical warfare agent mustard gas(2).

ANAEROBIC: 2-Mercaptoethanol, was shown to be biomineralized under methanogenic conditions(1). 2-Mercaptoethanol, present at 100 mg/L reached 29% biodegradation in 55 days using 120 mL flasks containing sludge from an upflow anaerobic blanket reactor treating liquid hen manure at 1 g volatile suspended solids (VSS)/L, 0.4 g Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), basal medium, and incubated at 30 °C(1). Therefore, this compound is not expected to biodegrade rapidly under anaerobic conditions(SRC). Addition of cosubstrates, glucose or a combination of propionic or butyric acids, did not affect the rate of degradation(1). The compound is moderately toxic to microorganisms(1).