INSOL IN WATERINSOL IN KEROSENEIN ACETONE 46% & DIISOBUTYL KETONE 19%IN DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE 64% & ISOPHORONE 33%IN XYLENE LESS THAN 2.5%Insoluble in water and kerosenesoluble in acetone and dimethylformamideIn water, 50 mg/L at 25 °C /Estimated/클로로포름(약간 용해됨), 메탄올(약간 용해됨)
끓는 점
BP: 110-113 °C /Technical/252.3±30.0 °C(Predicted)
Decomposition
When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride and nitrogen oxides/.
녹는점
113 °C112-114℃
증기압
0.00139 [mmHg]1.4X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C /Estimated/
헨리 상수
Henry's Law constant = 1.2X10-8 atm cu m/mol at 25 °C /Estimated/8.2×102 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, HSDB (2015)
Physical Description
White solid[HSDB]
Stability/Shelf Life
Volatility 30% dissipation after 24 hr at 40 °C
밀도
1.2748 (rough estimate)
굴절률
1.5500 (estimate)
저장 조건
0-6°C
pKa(산도 계수)
12.32±0.70(Predicted)
BRN
2805600
EPA
Swep (1918-18-9)
화학적 성질
Crystals. Insoluble in water and kerosene; soluble in acetone and dimethylformamide.
안전 및 규제
GHS 분류
WarningH302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P264, P270, P301+P317, P330, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]
유해성 요약
In high-dose animal studies, causes decreased hemoglobin, liver toxicity, and weight loss[HSDB] May cause irritation[MSDSonline]
IMO 6.1Carbamate pesticides, solid, toxic, noscarbamate pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable, nos, flashpoint between 23 °C and 61 °Ccarbamate pesticides, liquid, toxic, noscarbamate pesticides, liquid, NOSIMO 3.2Carbamate pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, nos, flashpoint less than 23 °CUN 2757UN 2758For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for SWEP (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations
Carbamates produce slight to moderate skin and eye irritation, depending on the vehicle used, duration of contact, and on whether the substance is applied to the abraided or intact skin. From the available data, it cannot be excluded that some of the carbamates will have a slight to moderate sensitization potential. /Carbamate Pesticides/
소화 절차
Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty. /Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid)Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid)Carbaryl (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec/If material /is/ on fire or involved in /a/ fire do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos, (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid)
용도
용도
Herbicide.
Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid)
Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec/
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/
Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Carbamate pesticide, solid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/
Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Carbamate pesticide, solid, nos (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid)/
처리 방법
SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
Preventive Measures
SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. ... Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid)/Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid)carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. ... Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Carbamate pesticide, solid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)Carbamate pesticide, solid, nos (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid)/
Treatment
If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally.
건강 영향
Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Chronically high (>10 years) exposure leads to neuropsychological consequences including disturbances in perception and visuo-motor processing (A15321).
TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 65(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.32(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that swep is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of swep from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Swep is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.4X10-3 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). A 50% degradation after 10 and 7 days when incubated in soils under nonflooded and flooded conditions, respectively(6), indicates that biodegradation may be of moderate importance in the terrestrial environmenthowever, swep has been shown to inhibit CO2 evolution in soil(6).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 65(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.32(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that swep is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 72(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). A 50% degradation after 10 and 7 days when incubated in soils under nonflooded and flooded conditions, respectively(7), indicates that biodegradation may be an important fate process in the aquatic environmenthowever, swep has been shown to inhibit CO2 evolution in soil(7).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), swep, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.4X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase swep is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.4X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3).
유해 작용
Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
노출 경로
Inhalation (L793)oral (L793)dermal (L793)
독성 요약
Swep is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Carbamates form unstable complexes with chlolinesterases by carbamoylation of the active sites of the enzymes. This inhibition is reversible. A cholinesterase inhibitor suppresses the action of acetylcholine esterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholine esterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop.
생태독성 발췌
/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ As a rule, birds are not very sensitive to carbamates. /Carbamate pesticides//OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ bees are extremely sensitive. /Carbamate pesticides/
Signs and Symptoms
As with organophosphates, the signs and symptoms are based on excessive cholinergic stimulation. Unlike organophosphate poisoning, carbamate poisonings tend to be of shorter duration because the inhibition of nervous tissue acetylcholinesterase is reversible, and carbamates are more rapidly metabolized. Muscle weakness, dizziness, sweating and slight body discomfort are commonly reported early symptoms. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Contraction of the pupils with blurred vision, incoordination, muscle twitching and slurred speech have been reported. (L795)
Soil Adsorption/Mobility
The Koc of swep is estimated as 65(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.32(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that swep is expected to have high mobility in soil.
Artificial Pollution Sources
Swep's former production and use as a herbicide(1) may have resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).
Environmental Biodegradation
AEROBIC: Under upland soil conditions, 50% of swep applied at 15 to 35 ppm disappeared after 10 days, with a 90% loss occurring after 40 days(1). The degradation rate is dependent on temperature and not dependent on pH(1). Swep was added at a concentration of 500 ppm to a Nixon sandy loam soil at 60% water holding capacitymost remained unaltered, however, degradation products identified over a 40 day incubation period were 3,4-dichloroaniline and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloroazobenzene(2). The half-life of swep in soil is 2-6 weeks, based on field observations(3).ANAEROBIC: A study conducted in India found that in flooded soils treated at 150 and 1500 ppm, Swep concentrations were 50% decreased after 7 days and 90% decreased after 50 days(1).
