(2,4-디클로로페녹시)아세트산 다이메틸아민

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you should spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Seal the absorbent paper, as well as any of your clothing which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash any surfaces you may have contaminated with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U240, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /2,4-D acid, salts and esters/

Group I Containers: Combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) should be disposed of in pesticide incinerators or in specified landfill sites. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

Group II Containers: Non-combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) must first be triple-rinsed. Containers that are in good condition may be returned to the manufacturer or formulator of the pesticide product, or to a drum reconditioner for reuse with the same type of pesticide product, if such reuse is legal under Department of Transportation regulations (eg 49 CFR 173.28). Containers that are not to be reused should be punctured ... and transported to a scrap metal facility for recycling, disposal or burial in a designated landfill. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

Landfill: Recommendable method: Incineration. Not recommendable method: Discharge to sewer. Peer-review: Incinerate at high temp or PCDDs may be formed. /2,4-D/

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for 2,4-D and related herbicides: Concentration process: Resin adsorption. /2,4-D and related herbicides/

Smoking, eating, and drinking before washing should be absolutely prohibited when any pesticide ... is being handled or used. /Pesticides/

/When/ cleaning glassware and spray equipment: wash thoroughly with water and detergent soln. Alcohol or ketone type solvents may be used with ester formulations. Preferably, equipment should not be used for application of other pesticides or fertilizers.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide, plant regulator, and fungicide 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) in or on raw agricultural commodities as follows: apples: 5 ppm; apricots: 5 ppm; citrus fruits: 5 ppm; pears: 5 ppm; potatoes: 0.2 ppm; and quinces: 5 ppm. /2,4-D/

The tolerance on apricots /5 ppm/ also includes residues of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) from the preharvest application of 2,4-D dimethylamine salt to apricots. /2,4-D/

The tolerances on citrus fruits /5 ppm/ also includes residues of 2,4-D from the preharvest application of 2,4-D isopropyl ester and 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester and from the postharvest application of 2,4-D alkanolamine salts and 2,4-D isopropyl ester to citrus fruits. /2,4-D/

Tolerances are established for residues of 2,4-D at: barley, grain: 0.5 ppm; blueberries: 0.1 ppm; corn, fodder: 20 ppm; corn, forage: 20 ppm; corn, fresh, sweet (kernel plus cob with husk removed): 0.5 ppm; corn, grain: 0.5 ppm; cranberries: 0.5 ppm; grapes: 0.5 ppm; grass hay: 300 ppm; grasses, pasture: 1,000 ppm; grasses, rangeland: 1,000 ppm; millet, forage: 20 ppm; millet, grain: 0.5 ppm; millet, straw: 20 ppm; nuts: 0.2 ppm; oats, forage: 20 ppm; oats, grain: 0.5 ppm; pistachios: 0.2 ppm; rice: 0.1 ppm; rice, straw: 20 ppm; rye, forage: 20 ppm; rye, grain: 0.5 ppm: sorghum, fodder: 20 ppm; sorghum, forage: 20 ppm; sorghum, grain: 0.5 ppm; stone fruits: 0.2 ppm; sugarcane: 2 ppm; sugarcane, forage: 20 ppm; wheat, forage: 20 ppm; and wheat, grain: 0.5 ppm. /2,4-D/

For more Allowable Tolerances (Complete) data for 2,4-D, DIMETHYLAMINE (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

8 Hr Time-Weighted Avg (TWA): 10 mg/cu m. /2,4-D/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /2,4-D/

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /2,4-D/

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Two methods of analysis for measuring glove permeability to pesticides are reported. The standard ASTM F739-85 testing procedure was used to determine breakthrough times and permeation rates for four protective glove materials for two commercially available pesticide formulations. The same glove materials and pesticides then were tested using an in-house developed automated in vitro diffusion analysis (AIDA) procedure. The ASTM and automated in vitro diffusion analysis procedures both demonstrated no detectable breakthrough of 2,4-D amine 96% for nitrile butyl rubber and polyvinyl chloride gloves. Although no breakthrough of 2,4-D amine 96% was detected for natural rubber or neoprene gloves following the ASTM procedure, permeation was observed in 2 of 3 replicate tests for both rubber and neoprene gloves when using the automated in vitro diffusion analysis method. The observed discrepancy may have been caused by a longer smpling duration for the automated in vitro diffusion analysis method (16 hr) than the ASTM procedure (8 hr).

The general treatment of acute chlorophenoxy herbicide poisoning consists of decontamination of the gastrointestinal tract, resuscitation and supportive care. For severe, acute oral poisoning by 2,4-D forced alkaline diuresis appears to be most effective (A7734). Forced alkaline diuresis is often used to increase the excretion of acidic drugs like salicylates and phenobarbitone. For forced alkaline diuresis, a diuretic like furosemide is given intravenously and sodium bicarbonate is added to the infusion fluid to make blood and, in turn, urine alkaline. Potassium replacement becomes of utmost importance during the process because potassium is usually lost in urine. If blood levels of potassium are depleted below normal levels, then hypokalemia occurs, which promotes bicarbonate ion retention and prevents bicarbonate excretion, thus interfering with the alkalinization of the urine.

All forms of 2,4-D are considered low in toxicity when absorbed via skin or via inhalation. The acid and salt forms of 2,4-D are highly toxic to eye tissue. Long term chronic exposure to 2,4-D has been linked to non-Hodgkins lymphoma and Parkinson’s disease but these are epidemiological associations only. 2,4-D is also reported to have negative effects on the endocrine system (specifically the thyroid and gonads) and immune system. 2,4-D displaces sex hormones from the protein (sex hormone binding globulin) that normally transports these hormones in the blood. 2,4-D reduces the activity of several proteins important to immune system function. Researchers at NIOSH have demonstrated a decreased production of cells responsible for making antibodies in mice bone marrow, in addition to decreased T-cells, produced in the thymus.

LC50 Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite) oral more than 5000 ppm in 5-day diet /Sample purity 49.4%/

LC50 Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail) oral more than 5000 ppm in 5-day diet /Sample purity 49.4%/

LC50 Phasianus colchicus (ring-necked pheasants) oral more than 5000 ppm in 5-day diet /Sample purity 49.4%/

LC50 Anas platyrhynchos (mallard ducks) oral more than 5000 ppm in 5-day diet /Sample purity 49.4%/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 2,4-D, DIMETHYLAMINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a range of Koc values from 72 to 136 (2), indicates that 2,4-D dimethylamine is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2,4-D dimethylamine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-16 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). 2,4-D dimethylamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.3X10-9 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). If sprayed on land, much of the 2,4-D dimethylamine will be metabolized by foliage before reaching the soil(5). Biodegradation is the primary degradative pathway in the soil with half-lives ranging from 4-6 days and 7-23 days in agricultural and forest soils, respectively(5). In a microcosm simulation, two formulations of the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-D were sprayed (1.2 kg/ha of acid equivalent) on the foliage of wheat plants 26 days after planting(5). 2,4-D, dimethylamine had a low loss rate with a concentration in air ranging from 0.15 to 0.3 ng/l(5). The amine was not detected until the second day, at which time the hydroxy metabolite appeared(5). 1.5% of the total applied 2,4-D material was lost to the atmosphere(5). No extractable 2,4-D material was found in the soil; however volatilization from soil was considered unlikely(1). The observed half-life of 2,4-D in runoff from land sprayed with the amine salt was 6 days (range, 1-35 days)(6). Over 86% of the amine in runoff water completely metabolized to CO2 within 7 weeks(7). The field dissipation half-lives for 2,4-D dimethylamine applied as sprays ranged from 2.3 to 31.2 days for trials in 1993 and 1994(8); field dissipation half-lives for 2,4-D dimethylamine applied as granules ranged from 5.1 to 14.6 days(8).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a range of Koc values from 72 to 136 (2), indicates that 2,4-D dimethylamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization of 2,4-D dimethylamine from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-16 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). According to a classification scheme(4), a BCF of 0.1 and 0.47 for Channel catfish and bluegill(5), respectively, suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low (SRC). In a river-die away study, a half-life of 3.9 days was obtained for an unspecified amine salt of 2,4-D(6). 2,4-D dimethylamine is rapidly degraded by aquatic microorganisms in activated sewage(7).

AQUATIC FATE: The most important fate process for 2,4-D DMA in the aquatic environment is biotransformation(2). Photolysis and hydrolysis are not expected to be significant(2) although photolysis could occur in clear, surface waters. In a field experiment in which 2 mg/l C-14 uniformly ring-labeled 2,4-D DMA was added to 2.4 and 3 meter plastic-lined pools containing hydrosoil bottoms and fish, the radioactivity disappeared rapidly from the water and hydrosoil(1). At 35 days, the highest level found in any of the pools was 0.05 ppm(1). The concentrations in the hydrosoil declined after 7 days and the indications were that metabolites were being measured(1). The highest 2,4-D residue in the hydrosoil was 0.21 ppm after 7 days(1). The aqueous half-life in the pools was 10-11 days(2). Other half-lives determined in natural waters ranged from 0.5 to 6.6 days(2). It was reported that after application of 2.4-3.6 kg/ha to the Volgogard reservoir in Russia, that 2,4-D residues persisted 20 days in water and 30 days in bottom sediment(3).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,4-D dimethylamine, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.3X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Particulate-phase 2,4-D dimethylamine may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is a strong oxidant and is known to cause lipid peroxidation and the generation of free radicals that can modify lipids and proteins. It is also known to inhibit glutathione S transferase which leads to a depletion of ATP, NADPH and glutathione (A3122, A3123). These actions can cause cell toxicity and apopotosis among metabolically active cells. Some of the endocrine effects of 2,4-D may be mediated by the 2,4-D mediated displacement of sex hormones from the sex hormone binding globulin or the 2,4-D mediated blocking or OAT6 transport proteins that are needed for the transport of functional organic ions and dicarboxylates (including estrone sulfate).

Symptoms of acute oral exposure include vomiting, diarrhea, headache, confusion, aggressive or bizarre behavior, hypotension and muscle twitching. Skeletal muscle injury and renal failure may also occur. Prolonged dermal exposure may include skin irritation, whereas prolonged inhalation exposure may lead to coughing and burning sensations in the upper respiratory tract and chest.

Because dermal absorption is an important route of exposure to chlorophenoxy herbicides, biological monitoring is useful in estimating the absorbed dose. Urine concn provide the most accurate estimate of body burden; because of slow absorption, it is best to collect samples after a few days of exposure. /Chlorophenoxy herbicides/

The Koc for the 2,4-D dimethylamine ranged from 72 to 136 for 3 soils in 48 hr batch experiments using radiolabeled herbicide(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,4-D dimethylamine is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Effluent breakthrough curves measured in the same soils showed that the 2,4-D dimethylamine was almost as mobile as the water at 5000 ppm but considerably slower at 50 ppm, a result consistent with the non-linear adsorption isotherms(1). Adsorption constants for 2,4-D dimethylamine ranged from 0.13 to 0.25(3,4); these values were calculated from a field study performed using a plastic pool containing clay-loam hydrosoil(3,4).

D016; A solid waste containing 2,4-D (such as 2,4-D, dimethylamine) may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.

U240; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when 2,4-D acid, salts & esters as commercial chemical products or manufacturing chemical intermediates or off-specification commercial chemical products or manufacturing chemical intermediates, become wastes, they must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5). /2,4-D, salts and esters/

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Dimethylamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0073; Pesticide type: Fungicide, Herbicide (Growth Regulator); Registration Standard Date: 09/01/88; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Dimethylamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 03/25/94, 03/03/95, 10/13/95; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide has made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.

The tolerance on apricots also includes residues of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) from the preharvest application of 2,4-D dimethylamine salt to apricots. /2,4-D/

The tolerances on citrus fruits also includes residues of 2,4-D from the preharvest application of 2,4-D isopropyl ester and 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester and from the postharvest application of 2,4-D alkanolamine salts and 2,4-D isopropyl ester to citrus fruits. /2,4-D/

Tolerances are established for residues of 2,4-D at: barley, grain; blueberries; corn, fodder; corn, forage; corn, fresh, sweet (kernel plus cob with husk removed); corn, grain; cranberries; grapes; grass hay; grasses, pasture; grasses, rangeland; millet, forage; millet, grain; millet, straw; nuts; oats, forage; oats, grain; pistachios; rice; rice, straw; rye, forage; rye, grain: sorghum, fodder; sorghum, forage; sorghum, grain; stone fruits; sugarcane; sugarcane, forage; wheat, forage; and wheat, grain. /2,4-D/

For more FIFRA Requirements (Complete) data for 2,4-D, DIMETHYLAMINE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /2,4-D acid, salts, and esters/

(AL) ALABAMA 70 ug/l /2,4-D/

(AZ) ARIZONA 100 ug/l /2,4-D/

(IL) ILLINOIS 10 ug/l

(NY) 50 ug/l

Used as a herbicide for crops and turf; [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

For 2,4-D, dimethylamine (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 030019) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

HERBICIDE FOR BROADLEAF WEEDS & BRUSH ON SMALL GRAINS, CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE, RICE, MINOR CROPS, GRAZING LAND, TURF, NON-CROPLAND

2,4-D is is an agrochemical - a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture. It is a broadleaf herbicide, which when sprayed or dusted on plants causes its leaves to fall off, and functions as a synthetic auxin. 2,4-D is commonly found in lawn care products; wheat, corn, and other grass family herbicides; forestry products; treatments for roadside weeds; and aquatic weed control products.

Dimethyl-N-nitrosamine concentrations up to 0.3 mg/l have been found in some 2,4-D dimethylamine products.

SIXTEEN SAMPLES OF 2,4-D, AS ESTERS AND AMINE SALTS, WERE ANALYZED FOR CHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS. DI-, TRI-, & TETRA-CHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXINS WERE IDENTIFIED. ESTER FORMULATIONS SHOWED MUCH HIGHER LEVELS OF CONTAMINATION THAN AMINE /2,4-D ESTERS AND AMINE SALTS/

(1972) 3.18X10+9 G (2,4-D & SALTS & ESTERS)

(1978) 2.97X10+9 G (2,4-D INCL ESTERS & SALTS)

(1983) 4.65X10+9 G (2,4-D INCL ESTERS & SALTS)

1.60X10+9 g /Herbicide preparations containing 2,4-D or its salts or esters/

8.74X10+6 lb /Herbicide preparations containing acetic acid (2,4-D) or its salts or esters/

(1972) 1.02X10+10 G

(1975) 1.61X10+10 G

(1978) 2.19X10+10 G-DEMAND (2,4-D INCL ESTERS & SALTS)

(1982) 2.05X10+10 G-DEMAND (2,4-D INCL ESTERS & SALTS)

REACTION OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID & /AQUEOUS/ DIMETHYL AMINE

BY ADMIXTURE OF 2,4-D IN APPROPRIATE AMOUNT WITH REQUIRED AMINE IN SUITABLE SOLVENT. /2,4-D AMINE SALTS/

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 030019; Trade Names: Banvel K (Use 2 code Nos. 029802 and 030019), Banvel M (Use 2 code Nos. 029802 and 030019), Trimec 848 herbicide (030019 + 031519 + 029802).

Chipman Mecoprop + 2,4-D Weedkiller Liquid contains Mecoprop and 2,4-D dimethylamine salt as a solution. /Canadian registered product/

Norkem 40t contains Mecoprop, 2,4-D dimethylamine salt, Dicamba acid or diethanolamine, or dimethylamine salt, as a solution. /Canadian registered product/

Marquette Herbitex Plus contains Mecoprop, and 2,4-D dimethylamine as a solution. /Canadian registered product/

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for 2,4-D, DIMETHYLAMINE (43 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chlorophenoxy herbicides are applied alone or as mixtures with other herbicides, in solutions, dispersions, or emulsions in water &/or oil, using equipment that produces large droplets to avoid spray drift. /Chlorophenoxy herbicides/

... DISUBSTITUTED /SRP: AMMONIUM IONS/ ARE IMPORTANT CATIONS IN AMINE SALT FORMULATIONS OF PHENOXY HERBICIDES. ... THEIR HIGH WATER SOLUBILITY PERMITS HIGH RATES OF APPLICATION USING LOW-GALLONAGE EQUIPMENT. /AMINE SALT PHENOXY HERBICIDES/

RELATIVELY NEW DEVICE FOR HOME GARDEN APPLICATION OF HERBICIDES INCORPORATES ACTIVE CMPD INTO SEMISOFT WAX ... THE WAX BEARING THE HERBICIDE BRUSHES OFF LIGHTLY ONTO LAWN PLANTS, KILLING THOSE FOR WHICH IT WAS SELECTED. ... WAX BAR CONTAINING 2,4-D AMINE CONTROLS BROADLEAF WEEDS IN LAWN AREAS. THESE BARS HAVE CORD ATTACHED TO THEM SO THAT THEY CAN BE DRAWN BY HAND OR BEHIND LAWN MOWER OR SMALL TRACTOR. /2,4-D AMINE/

... amine salts (10-60% acid) ... these forms are dispersible in water ... and can be applied as sprays. /2,4-D/

Small amt of sequestering agent is generally added to prevent complex formation in hard water /2,4-D amine salts/