디-n-부틸틴디라우레이트

Fires involving this compound should be controlled using a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest.

Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Avoid the vapor produced by heating.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

The final degradation products of organotins are believed to consist of inorganic salts. /Organotin compounds/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Dibutyltin dilaurate is expected to dissociate in soil forming the cation, dibutyltin(SRC). Dibutyltin is expected to adsorb to organic carbon and clay(SRC). Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process because the cation is not expected to volatilize(SRC). Dibutyltin dilaurate may also biodegrade in soil, since tributyltins are converted to dibutyltin and monobutyltin(1).

AQUATIC FATE: Dibutyltin dilaurate is expected to dissociate in water forming the cation, dibutyltin(SRC). Cations generally adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process because the cation is not expected to volatilize(SRC). Dibutyltin dilaurate may also biodegrade in soil(1). According to a classification scheme(2), a BCF value of 31(3) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Tributyltin species in water are sequentially degraded to dibutyltin, monobutyltin, and finally to inorganic tin in water/sediment mixtures or water alone from Toronto Harbor, Canada(4). Small quantities of dimethyldibutyltin were occasionally detected in these experiments in water/sediment and water alone, but not in the sterile controls, which indicates the possibility of biomethylation of dibutyltin compounds(4).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dibutyltin dilaurate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 4.5X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase dibutyltin dilaurate may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion and through the skin.

Oral (L308) ; inhalation (L308) ; dermal (L308)

Organotin compounds produce neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects. Organotins may directly activate glial cells contributing to neuronal cell degeneration by local release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-_, and/or interleukins. They may also induce apoptosis by direct action on neuronal cells. Organotin compounds stimulate the neuronal release of and/or decrease of neuronal cell uptake of neurotransmitters in brain tissue, including aspartate, GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine, and serotonin. This may be either a contributing factor to or result of the neuronal cell loss. The immunotoxic effects of organotins are characterized by thymic atrophy caused by the suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes and apoptosis of mature thymocytes. Organotin compounds are believed to exert these effects by suppressing DNA and protein synthesis, inducing the expression of genes involved in apoptosis (such as nur77), and disrupting the regulation of intracellular calcium levels, giving rise to the uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species, release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and the proteolytic and nucleolytic cascade of apoptosis. The suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes further results in the suppression of T-cell-mediated immune responses. Organotins are also endocrine disruptors and are believed to contribute to obesity by inappropriate receptor activation, leading to adipocyte differentiation. Inorganic tin triggers eryptosis, contributing to tin-induced anemia. (L308, A182, A184)

POISONING CAUSED BY DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE WAS DIAGNOSED IN CATTLE, MINK, & PALM DOVES (STREPTOPELIA SENEGALENSIS). ACCIDENTAL ADDITION OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE PREMIX TO CALF-REARING CONCN AT LEVELS UP TO 25000 PPM ON 18 FARMS CAUSED POISONING IN 1000 CATTLE. HIGH CONCN OF TIN WERE FOUND IN CATTLE TISSUES & PRECLUDED THEIR CONSUMPTION BY HUMANS. PALM DOVES INGESTING CONCN CONTAINING 12500 PPM ON ONE FARM ALSO HAD HIGH CONCN OF TIN IN TISSUES. MINK APPEARED THE MOST SUSCEPTIBLE OF THE 3 SPECIES TO THIS COMPOUND.

Redness. MAY BE ABSORBED!

Redness.

Inorganic or organic tin compounds placed on the skin or in the eyes can produce skin and eye irritation. (L308)

Dibutyltin dilaurate is expected to hydrolyze in water forming the cation, dibutyltin(SRC). Cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay; therefore, dibutyltin may be expected to have limited mobility in soil(SRC). In a 278-day marine mesocosm experiment in which tributyltin was added to the system in summer, the distribution coefficient for dibutyltin between the dissolved state and particulate matter calculated from data between days 2-19 was 30,000 (standard deviation 20,000)(1). Other investigators obtained distribution constants for adsorption of dibutyltin to particulate matter and sediment of 600 l/kg and 700-26,000 l/kg, respectively; values were a function of sediment type and location(1). The Freundlich parameters, log k and 1/n, for dibutyl tin to sediment was 1.33 and 0.969, respectively(2). In a study of desorption from sediment, approximately 1% of the initial dibutyltin species was observed to desorb from the unshaken Toronto Harbor sediment/water mixtures in 10.6 months(3).

Antifertility activity was evaluated in three pairs of one male and one female Cox-Swiss white mice ingesting 0.01% by weight of dibutyltin dilaurate in the basal diet. At the start of the test, male and female rats were exposed to the standard basal diet and allowed to mate (pre-treatment control). Male and female mice were separated and exposed to the test substance for 4 days, after which they were returned to their mates and maintained on the treatment for 14 days. Females showing signs of pregnancy during the 14 day period were separated and placed on the standard diet and allowed to proceed to term. One treated female mouse had a slightly longer parturition time, which was statistically significant compared to the pre-treatment data. No effect on fertility was observed for any of the treatment groups and none of the offspring had any morphological abnormalities.

The fate of dibutyltin dilurate was evaluated in male albino (strain not reported) rats (10/exposure) receiving the test material at 0.1, 0.024, 0.006, 0.0015 and 0% in the diet for 30 days. Urine, blood and organs were quantitatively analyzed for tin by spectrographic technique. The small quantities of tin in the organs and urine suggest that the majority of tin is eliminated without absorption through the digestive tract. The liver and kidneys of rats at the highest dose (0.1%) contain approximately two-thirds of the diet consumed in one day and urine contained about one-hundredth of the tin they ingested.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Dibutyltin dilaurate is included on this list.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a component of plastic slow release tag in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals.