산화 주석

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Tin(IV) oxide (as Sn):

(General first aid procedures)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L308) ; inhalation (L308) ; dermal (L308)

Cough.

Stannosis (benign pneumoconiosis): dyspnea (breathing difficulty), decreased pulmonary function

Inorganic or organic tin compounds placed on the skin or in the eyes can produce skin and eye irritation. (L308)

SnO2 occurs naturally as the mineral, cassiterite ... is present in veins closely connected with granite or acid eruptive rocks, but 5/6 of world's total production is derived from secondary alluvial deposits resulting from disintegration of primary deposits.

EXPOSURE TO DUST & FUME OF TIN (OXIDE) IS RECOGNIZED TO RESULT IN STANNOSIS, A MILD PNEUMOCONIOSIS, OF WHICH MORE THAN 150 CASES HAVE BEEN REPORTED. ... THE FUME IS CONSIDERED A MORE IMPORTANT SOURCE OF STANNOSIS THAN THE DUST; HOWEVER, OTHER AUTHORITIES CONSIDER QUALITY OF DUST & DURATION OF EXPOSURE EQUALLY IMPORTANT.

... THE CASE OF A MAN WHO WAS SYMPTOMLESS FOR 18 YR AFTER HIS FINAL DUST EXPOSURE /IS DESCRIBED/ ... AT NECROPSY THERE WAS BLACK PIGMENTATION OF PLEURA, LUNG PARENCHYMA, & LYMPH NODES, WITH SOME BRONCHOPNEUMONIA & EMPHYSEMA. LARGEST AMT OF PIGMENTATION OCCCURRED @ SITES OF LYMPHOID NODULES @ BIFURCATIONS OF BRONCHI & BRONCHIOLES. THERE WAS NO INFLAMMATION, NECROSIS OR ... FIBROSIS OF NODES. ... X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS INDICATED THAT STANNIC OXIDE WAS THE ONLY TIN CMPD PRESENT ... .

Prolonged exposure to tin(IV) oxide dust & fumes can produce the benign form of pneumoconiosis termed stannosis. The condition develops after at least 3-5 yr of exposure & is characterized by small dense shadows in the pulmonary X-ray picture without impairment of pulmonary function. Fibrosis of the lung does not develop, provided that other agents such as silica are not present.

Stannosis develops in workers who are exposed to airborne particles of tin oxide whether they originate from dust, as in bagging operations, or from fumes of tin oxide produced in smelting. ... 200 tin smelter workers /were examined/ and radiographic changes /were found/ in 121. None of these workers had any clinical signs or symptoms referable to the pneumoconiosis.

Pathologic studies of seven workers with stannosis were reported ... . All had worked in the same tin smelter in England. None died of pulmonary disease. Aggregates of macrophages containing dust were seen around respiratory bronchioles, & less commonly around segmental bronchi, in the alveoli, in the interlobular septa, & in the perivascular lymphatics. The mild focal emphysema observed was felt to be clinically insignificant & was considerably less sever than that seen in coal workers' pneumoconiosis. No fibrosis was present.

WHILE MOST OF OPERATIONS ASSOC WITH EXTRACTION & TREATMENT OF TIN ORE ARE WET PROCESSES, TIN DUST OR OXIDE FUME MAY ESCAPE DURING BAGGING OF CONCENTRATE, IN ORE ROOMS & DURING SMELTING OPERATIONS (MIXING PLANT & FURNACE TAPPING), AS WELL AS DURING PERIODIC CLEANING OF BAG FILTERS ... FROM SMELTER FURNACE FLUE BEFORE RELEASE TO THE ATMOSPHERE.