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Biological Agents -> Wood Dusts & Extracts

Biological Agents -> Wood Dusts & Extracts

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Fragrance Ingredient (alpha-Terpineol) -> IFRA transparency List

Fragrance Ingredient (Terpineol) -> IFRA transparency List

log Kow = 2.98

3.28

Lime (distilled)

Peach, floral (lilac) flavor

Sweet, lime taste

0.935 at 20 °C/20 °C

0.930-0.936

EU Flavoring substances

EU Flavoring substances

Colorless solid

Pure alpha-isomer is white, crystalline powder

1:8 OR MORE IN 50% ALCOHOL; SOL IN PROPYLENE GLYCOL

Very soluble in benzene, acetone

Very soluble in alcohol, ether

In water, 7100 mg/L at 25 °C

slightly soluble in glycerol and water

1 ml in 2 ml 70% alcohol; 1 ml in 4 ml 60% alcohol (in ethanol)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.1% (29 of 2747) of reports.

Warning

H315 (98.9%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P264, P264+P265, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, and P362+P364 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2747 reports by companies from 16 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.3% (8 of 2318) of reports.

Chemical: 3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, .alpha.,.alpha.,4-trimethyl-

Chemical: Terpineol

Chemical: Terpinol

Hazard Traits - Fragrance Allergen

Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 (Repealed by Com. Implementing Reg. (EU) No 872/2012)

Terpineol is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Terpineol are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Histopathological changes observed in lungs of horses surviving IV injection; Moderately irritating to rabbit skin; Skin sensitization reported in two patients, but no positive reactions in volunteers or guinea pigs; Terpineols: Eye and mucous membrane irritants and CNS depressants; Emergency treatment: Pine oil; [HSDB] Included in list of established contact allergens in humans; [EC: Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety: Fragrance allergens in cosmetic products (2011)] Severely irritating to skin of mice and mildly irritating to rabbit skin; Causes flaccid paralysis, somnolence, and ataxia in oral studies of rats at >2900 mg/kg; Changes to liver and dehydrogenase levels observed in intermittent 30-day feeding study of rats; [RTECS] Safe when used as a flavoring agent in food; [JECFA] No information available on reproduction or lactation effects; [REPROTOX]

A moderate skin irritant in rabbits; Not sensitizing in guinea pig maximization test; No evidence of skin sensitization in studies of 25 (12% in petrolatum) and 37 (12.5% in ethanol) volunteers; [IUCLID] Up to ten positive patch test reactions in studies of at least 1,000 patients for fragrance allergies; [EC: SCCS] No evidence of skin sensitization in experimental animals; The liver was show to be the target organ of toxicity in 5-week study of rats (fully recovered after 2 weeks); Significantly reduced testis weights and possibly epididymal weights also observed at 750 mg/kg/day; No evidence of reproductive or developmental toxicity; [EPA - TSCATS] Included in list of established contact allergens in humans; [EC: Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety: Fragrance allergens in cosmetic products (2011)] An irritant; [Sigma-Aldrich MSDS] See alpha-Terpineol.

Alpha-terpineol is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and b) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.

Terpineol is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives. /Terpineol/

Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (c) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Food-processing equipment and utensils. 3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, alpha,alpha,4-trimethyl- is included on this list.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer safety standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Terpineols are found on List C. Case No: 3139; Pesticide type: insecticide, fungicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered. Therefore, we are characterizing the case as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.; Active ingredient (AI): terpineols; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products ... "cancelled.". /Terpineols/

Skin Irrit. 2 (98.9%)

Skin Irrit. 2 (99.7%)

Skin Irrit. 2 (100%)

Skin Irrit. 2 (100%)

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary. Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Control of environmental exposure: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas.; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Waste treatment methods: Product: Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. This combustible material may be burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (c) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Food-processing equipment and utensils. 3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, alpha,alpha,4-trimethyl- is included on this list.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Body Protection: Impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166 Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

LC50; Species: Oncorhynchus kisutch (Coho salmon, juvenile age 2-3 months); Conditions: freshwater, flow through, 15 °C, pH 7.71, hardness 94.6 mg/L CaCO3, alklainity 57.1 mg/L CaCO3, conductivity 465 umhos/cm; Concentration: 6800 ug/L for 24 hr /90% purity/

LC50; Species: Oncorhynchus kisutch (Coho salmon, juvenile age 2-3 months); Conditions: freshwater, flow through, 15 °C, pH 7.71, hardness 94.6 mg/L CaCO3, alklainity 57.1 mg/L CaCO3, conductivity 465 umhos/cm; Concentration: 6500 ug/L for 48 hr /90% purity/

LC50; Species: Oncorhynchus kisutch (Coho salmon, juvenile age 2-3 months); Conditions: freshwater, flow through, 15 °C, pH 7.71, hardness 94.6 mg/L CaCO3, alklainity 57.1 mg/L CaCO3, conductivity 465 umhos/cm; Concentration: 6300 ug/L for 96 hr /90% purity/

LC50; Species: Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout); Conditions: static bioassay, 10 °C; Concentration: 10-100 mg/L for 96 hr

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for alpha-Terpineol (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 80(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that alpha-terpineol is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of alpha-terpineol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.23X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(3). alpha-Terpineol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.0423 mm Hg at 24 °C(4). Biodegradation of alpha-terpineol is expected based on a degradation rate of >0.10 mg/L/hr under aerobic conditions using a forest soil inoculum(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 80(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that alpha-terpineol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.23X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 20 and 150 days, respectively(SRC). alpha-Terpineol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 40(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.98(6) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). An 84.6% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(7) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), alpha-terpineol, which has a vapor pressure of 0.0423 mm Hg at 24 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase alpha-terpineol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals, ozone and nitrate radicals in the air(SRC); the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 40, 60 and 3 minutes(SRC), calculated from respective rate constants of 1.9X10-10(3), 3.0X10-16(3) and 1.6X10-11(4) cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). alpha-Terpineol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

alpha-Terpineol has been qualitatively detected as a volatile component of fried chicken(1), cooked chicken broth(2), chicken flavor(3), frankfurters (4), muscat grape juice(5), Valencia orange juice(6), Kogyoku apple juice(7), fresh lovage(8), honeysuckle(8), raw earth almonds(9), edible Korean Chamchwi (Aster scaber Thunb)(10), pine needle tea(11), and nectarines(12). Cranberry juice has been identified to be 13% alpha-terpineol(13). Pineapple guava contained alpha-terpineol at 0.16 ug/g; it has also been reported in common guava and in strawberry or yellow guava(14). alpha-Terpineol concentrations in mature and overripe guava fruits were 4790.6 and 1357.2 ug/kg, respectively(15). Two of three apricot selections (32, 60 ug/kg) and the Black amber plum cultivar (1 g/kg) contained alpha-terpineol at measurable concentrations(16). alpha-Terpineol was measured in fresh-squeezed unpasteurized orange juice from six different cultivars at a trace to 3.7 ppm(17). alpha-Terpineol was measured in the skin and pulp of Queen Anne's pocket melon at 47.1 and 9.4 ug/kg, respectively(18). alpha-Terpineol was detected in 3 holm-oak, 2 oak and 4 forest honeydew honey samples at mean concentrations 19.5, 45.4 and 29.0 ug/kg, respectively; samples were collected in the fall (year not reported) from locations in Spain(19). alpha-Terpineol has been detected in beer, wine and spirits(20).

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: alpha-Terpineol is a colorless solid. It used in perfumes manufacturing; denaturing fats for soap manufacture; hydrocarbon solvent; solvent for resins, cellulose esters, and ethers; disinfectants; antioxidants; medicines; constituent of flavorings. It is not registered for current pesticide use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: In human subjects, alpha-terpineol had a low irritative potency but a strong odor. Two dermatitis patients were reported to be sensitized to alpha-terpineol, although attempts to induce skin sensitization in volunteers using a dilute solution of alpha-terpineol were unsuccessful. Two fatalities described in the literature were both due to accidental ingestion of a pine oil-containing products and were attributed to combined toxicity of isopropanol and 1-alpha-terpineol. The regulatory properties of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) on the production of oxygen derived reactive species by human peripheral blood leukocytes activated in vitro was evaluated and found that alpha-terpineol significantly suppressed fMLP-, LPS- and PMA-stimulated superoxide production; suggesting the potential for selective regulation of cell types by these components during inflammation. ANIMAL STUDIES: In rabbits neat alpha-terpineol was a moderate skin irritant. Following acute oral exposure, a low toxicity was generally reported in rodents. Acute toxicity of pine oil (a commercially available disinfectant) after intravenous administration in horses was studied. alpha-Terpineol was identified as a major constituent of pine oil. alpha-Terpineol was recovered from equine tissues after iv injection of 0.1 mL/kg, death due to massive pulmonary edema occurred within minutes. Indirect evidence of liver effects was seen in rats given repeated oral doses. No indication of lung carcinogenicity was seen in a limited study in mice (treated by injection). Terpineol caused a slight but dose-related increase in the number of his+ revertants with Salmonella TA102 tester strain both without and with activation. The effects of terpineol on the compound action potential (CAP) of rat sciatic nerve were studied. Terpineol induced a dose-dependent blockade of the CAP.

alpha-Terpineol was detected in oil extracted from twigs collected from the Balkan pine in Northern Greece at 0.11% of the total composition(1). Flowers freshly collected from honeysuckle plants (Lonicera japonica) contained alpha-terpineol at 81 ug/kg; honeysuckle flowers which had been open for 24 hours prior to collection contained alpha-terpineol at 102 ug/kg(2). alpha-Terpineol was detected in the essential oil of Hedychium (H.) stenopetalum (root 3.7%), H. coronarium (leaf 8.6%, root 0.1%), H. flavum (leaf 0.3%) and H. ellipticum (leaf 5.1%); all samples were collected Aug-Sept 2011 in various locations in Vietnam(3). alpha-Terpineol was detected in the essential oil from needle, bark and cone of Pinus roxburghii at 5.0, 4.0 and 2.8%, respectively; samples were collected May 13, 2011 from Biratnagar, Nepal(4).

alpha-Terpineol detections in plants; it has been reported in over 150 plant species(1).[Table#5357]

alpha-Terpineol was detected in 2 of 3 trench leachate samples taken from a low level radioactive waste disposal site in Maxey Flats, KY at 0.31 and 0.49 mg/L; and in 1 of 3 samples taken from 3 trenches in West Valley, NY at 0.64 mg/L(1). alpha-Terpineol was detected in a final effluent sample collected from the Addison POTW, IL, in April 1980 at unreported concentrations; grab samples from 9 other sites in Illinois did not contain detectable concentrations of alpha-terpineol(2). Average concentrations of alpha-terpineol in influent, primary effluent and final effluent from an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant in Ohio over a 3-day period in Sept 1997 were 154,000, 114,000 and 127 ng/L, respectively(3). Average concentrations of alpha-terpineol in influent, primary effluent and final effluent from a trickling filter wastewater treatment plant in Ohio over a 3-day period in Sept 1997 were 55,100, 50,900 and 1450 ng/L, respectively(3). alpha-Terpineol has been detected in secondary effluent taken from a rapid infiltration site at Fort Polk, LA at concentrations of 0.038 and 0.053 ug/L(4). It was identified in the wastewater of a petrochemical company(5). Effluents from two kraft paper mills in Georgia sampled in March 1972 had alpha-terpineol in 7 of 8 samples at 0.001-0.115 mg/L as a volatile constituent(6). alpha-Terpineol was detected in 2 of 9 aerated lagoon discharge samples at a mean and range of 200 and 5-300 ug/L, respectively; samples were collected from softwood bleached kraft pulp mills located across Canada during winter 1980-1981(7). alpha-Terpineol was the predominant terpene in effluent from two kraft pulp mill waste waters receiving secondary treatment in aerated lagoons(8). In 19 wastewater and sludge samples collected from Iona Island Sewage Treatment Plant, British Columbia, Canada, in the early 1980's, alpha-terpineol was detected at 21-496 ug/L(9). Leachate collected from a tile drainage system below a municipal waste disposal site in The Netherlands contained alpha-terpineol at unreported concentrations(10). alpha-Terpineol was detected (concentrations not reported) in samples collected May 2007 from Harbin municipal sewage treatment plant, China(11). alpha-Terpineol was detected at unreported concentrations in head space analyses of kitchen waste exudate(12) and garden waste exudate(13) collected in Denmark.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of alpha-terpineol can be estimated to be 80(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that alpha-terpineol is expected to have high mobility in soil.

alpha-Terpineol occurs naturally in over 150 plant species(1) and may be released to the environment as emissions from plants(2) and molds(3).

... found in more than 150 derivatives from leaves, herbs, & flowers. ... the d-form is found in essential oils from Cupressaceae in general: also in oils of Elettaria cardamomum, star anise, marjoram, clary sage, neroli, & others. /d-isomer/

The racemic form is found in cajenne linalool, Thymus caespititius, cajeput, Eucalyptus globulus; mixed with the l-form it is found in petitgrain. A non-defined form of terpineol has been reported in bitter orange. /racemic form/

l-Form is found in Satureia montana, lavandin, cajeput, lime, lemon, cinnamon leaves, & distillates from Pinaceae (with the exception of Pinus silvestris, which contains d-terpineol together with the racemic form); likewise, Nectandra elaiophora (wood) & petitgrain bigarade. /l-isomer/

Alpha-terpineol is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and b) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.

Terpineol is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives. /Terpineol/

Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (c) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Food-processing equipment and utensils. 3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, alpha,alpha,4-trimethyl- is included on this list.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer safety standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Terpineols are found on List C. Case No: 3139; Pesticide type: insecticide, fungicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered. Therefore, we are characterizing the case as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.; Active ingredient (AI): terpineols; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products ... "cancelled.". /Terpineols/

The metabolic fate of alpha-terpineol administered orally to male albino-rats was investigated, and its effects on the liver microsomal cytochrome-P-450 system were studied. For metabolic studies, alpha-terpineol was given once daily for 20 days at a dose of 600mg/kg bw; cytochrome-P-450 studies involved dosing for up to 9 days. ...The neutral fraction isolated showed the presence of one major (alpha-terpineol) and two minor compounds. One of the minor compounds was identified as p-menthane-1,2,8-triol. Further study revealed the presence of the methyl esters of oleuropeic-acid and dihydrooleuropeic-acid. Allylic oxidation of C-1 methyl esters appeared to be the major metabolic pathway. It was considered likely that the allylic methyl group at C-7 was oxidized prior to the reduction of the 1,2-double bond. Administration of alpha-terpineol increased the levels of liver microsomal cytochrome-P-450 by 72, 104, 90, 54, and 52% after 1, 2, 3, 6, and 9 days of dosing, respectively. A moderate incr was noted in the levels of liver microsomal NADPH-cytochrome-c-reductase during the first 3 days of repeated dosing. No significant effect was noted on cytochrome-b5 and NADH-cytochrome-c-reductase. The authors conclude that the allylic methyl oxidation of alpha-terpineol is the major route for its metabolic transformation in the rat. The reduction of the endocyclic double bond was specifically noted in the formation of dihydrooleuropeic-acid from oleuropeic-acid.

Biotransformation of alpha-terpineol by the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura) larvae was investigated. alpha-Terpineol was mixed in an artificial diet, and the diet was fed to the larvae (fourth-fifth instar) of S. litura. Metabolites were isolated from the frass and analyzed spectroscopically. Main metabolites were 7-hydroxy-alpha-terpineol (p-menth-1-ene-7,8-diol) and oleuropeic acid (8-hydroxy-p-menth-1-en-7-oic acid). Intestinal bacteria from the frass of larvae did not participate in the metabolism of alpha-terpineol. alpha-Terpineol was preferentially oxidized at the C-7 position (allylic methyl group) by S. litura larvae.

Details of the metabolism of alpha-terpineol by Pseudomonas incognita are presented. Degradation of alpha-terpineol by this organism resulted in the formation of a number of acidic and neutral metabolites. Among the acidic metabolites, beta-isopropyl pimelic acid, 1-hydroxy-4-isopropenyl-cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid, 8-hydroxycumic acid, oleuropeic acid, cumic acid, and p-isopropenyl benzoic acid have been identified. Neutral metabolites identified were limonene, p-cymene-8-ol, 2-hydroxycineole, and uroterpenol. ... /I/t appears that P. incognita degrades alpha-terpineol by at least three different routes. While one of the pathways seems to operate via oleuropeic acid, a second may be initiated through the aromatization of alpha-terpineol. The third pathway may involve the formation of limonene from alpha-terpineol and its further metabolism.

In a minor pathway, the endocyclic alkene of alpha-terpineol is epoxidized and then hydrolysed to yield a triol metabolite 1,2,8-trihydroxy- para-menthane, which was also reported in humans after inadvertent oral ingestion of a pine-oil disinfectant containing alpha-terpineol.

Metabolized primarily by conjugation with glucuronic acid and excreted in urine. Oxidation of the allylic methyl group followed by hydrogenation to yield the corresponding saturated acid may occur.

... After iv injection of 0.1 mL/kg, death due to massive pulmonary edema occurred within minutes. In this animal blood and tissue levels of alpha-terpineol of between 150 and 300 ppm were observed. After smaller doses of pine oil (0.033 mL/kg), horses survived until euthanized up to 48 hr later. Blood levels of alpha-terpineol became undetectable in one of these animals after 2 hr, and no tissue levels were detected at postmortem....

A major ingredient of pine oil disinfectants; Used as a fragrance in perfumes and soaps, fat denaturant for soap manufacturing, synthetic flavoring agent, organic solvent, antioxidant, and antiseptic; [HSDB]

Using Disinfectants or Biocides [Category: Clean]

Found as alpha, beta, and gamma isomers; The alpha isomer is obtained from pine needles and used in perfumes, cosmetics, and flavorings; [REPROTOX] Used in the chemical and personal-domestic use industries, as a cleaning/washing agent, disinfectant, food additive, odor agent, and in cosmetics; [IUCLID] Permitted for use as an inert ingredient in non-food pesticide products; [EPA]

Using Disinfectants or Biocides [Category: Clean]

For alpha-terpineol (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 067003) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

(1979) 1.03X10+8 g-alpha & beta mixed isomers

(1981) 3.25X10+8 g-alpha & beta mixed isomers

2023: 8,500,000 - <10,000,000 lb

2023: 1,000,000 - <5,000,000 lb

(1979) 1.61X10+9 g

(1981) 1.25X10+9 g

(1991) 1.088X10+9 g

3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, .alpha.,.alpha.,4-trimethyl- is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

Fragrance

Fragrance

Solvent

Other

A common industrial method of alpha-terpineol synthesis consists of the hydration of alpha-pinene or turpentine oil with aqueous mineral acids to give crystalline cis-terpin hydrate (mp 117 °C), followed by partial dehydration to alpha-terpineol. Suitable catalysts are weak acids or acid-activated silica gel.

Isolation of d-alpha-terpineol from petitgrain oil; ... isolation from l-alpha-terpineol from long leaf pine oil; isolation of dl-alpha-terpineol from cajeput oil.

Extraction of essential oils, fractional distillation of pine oils, wood processing industry.

By heating terpin hydrate with phosphoric acid and distilling or with dilute sulfuric acid, using azeotropic separation; fractional distillation of pine oil. /Terpineol/

For more Methods of Manufacturing (Complete) data for alpha-Terpineol (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Information on 133 consumer products that contain alpha-Terpineol in the following categories is provided:

Information on 124 consumer products that contain Terpineol in the following categories is provided:

Information on 54 consumer products that contain Alpha-Terpineol in the following categories is provided:

Fragrance Ingredients

Fragrance Ingredients

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing

Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing

3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, .alpha.,.alpha.,4-trimethyl-: ACTIVE

Terpineol: ACTIVE

Terpineol exists as three isomers: alpha-, beta-, and gamma-terpineol.