산화구리(Ⅰ)

Fresh air, rest. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Group III Containers (both combustible and non-combustible) that previously held organic mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic pesticides should be triple rinsed, punctured and disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Non-rinsed containers should be encapsulated and buried at a specially designated landfill site. /Organic mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic pesticides/

Recovering: Copper oxide containing wastes can be concentrated through the use of ion exchange, reverse osmosis, or evaporators to the point where copper can be electrolytically removed and sent to a reclaiming firm. If recovery is not feasible, the copper can be precipitated through the use of caustics and the sludge deposited in a chemical waste landfill. Recommendable methods: Precipitation, solidification, & landfill. Peer-review: Copper oxide should not be deposited in landfills with acid leachate (pH< 6). (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Do not contaminate water by ... disposal of wastes near a body of water. /Copper oxides/

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance, safety goggles and protective gloves. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

People must absorb small amounts of copper every day because copper is essential for good health, however, high levels of copper can be harmful. Very-high doses of copper can cause damage to your liver and kidneys, and can even cause death. Copper may induce allergic responses in sensitive individuals. (L278, L279)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Oral (L277) ; inhalation (L277) ; dermal (L277)

Excess copper is sequestered within hepatocyte lysosomes, where it is complexed with metallothionein. Copper hepatotoxicity is believed to occur when the lysosomes become saturated and copper accumulates in the nucleus, causing nuclear damage. This damage is possibly a result of oxidative damage, including lipid peroxidation. Copper inhibits the sulfhydryl group enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, and paraoxonases, which protect the cell from free oxygen radicals. It also influences gene expression and is a co-factor for oxidative enzymes such as cytochrome C oxidase and lysyl oxidase. In addition, the oxidative stress induced by copper is thought to activate acid sphingomyelinase, which lead to the production of ceramide, an apoptotic signal, as well as cause hemolytic anemia. Copper-induced emesis results from stimulation of the vagus nerve. (L277, T49, A174, L280)

Cough. Sore throat. Fever. Metallic taste.

Redness. Pain. Corneal damage. Burns.

Metallic taste. Abdominal pain. Nausea. Vomiting. Diarrhoea.

Breathing high levels of copper can cause irritation of the nose and throat. Ingesting high levels of copper can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and respiratory difficulty. (L278, L279)

Copper oxide fumes can cause metal fume fever.

TOXIC BY INGESTION.

Verdigris, formed by atmospheric corrosion of the surface of metallic copper presumably composed of copper carbonates & oxides, causes immediate irritation & conjunctival inflammation when accidentally dropped or dusted on the eyes of patients, but the reaction subsides without permanent damage soon after the eye is cleaned by irrigation. /Verdigris/

Presumably appreciable amounts dissolve in acidic gastric juice ... .

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for COPPER (I) OXIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

THERE HAVE BEEN INSTANCES OF FATAL COPPER POISONING IN SHEEP GRAZING IN ORCHARDS SPRAYED WITH CUPROUS OXIDE, BUT THERE IS NO SIGNIFICANT HISTORY OF ILL EFFECTS ON BIRDS OR HONEYBEES. UNDER CONDITIONS OF MODERATE USE & CULTIVATION THE HAZARD TO EARTHWORMS ... IS NOT CONSIDERED SIGNIFICANT.

... Nonphytotoxic except to brassicae & "copper shy" varieties particularly under adverse weather conditions.

Copper-Sandoz has proved to be non toxic to fish, in 48 hr trial at concn up to 50 ppm for Carassius auratus (goldfish).

... Antifouling agents incorporated into paints, were applied to plastic panels and kept in the sea for one year. The cmpd were active against macro and microfouling, but not against vegetal fouling. Highest activity was shown by cuprous oxide.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for COPPER (I) OXIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

When applied to growing crops, in accordance with good agricultural practice, cuprous oxide is exempt from the requirement of a tolerance.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Cuprous oxide is found on List D. Case No: 4025; Pesticide type: insecticide, fungicide, herbicide; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Cuprous oxide; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 09/30/93; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide has made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.

Used mainly in marine paints to inhibit barnacles and algae; Also used as a seed and crop fungicide, a ceramic and glass pigment, a catalyst, a carbon monoxide absorbent, in brazing pastes, and in rectifiers; Occurs in nature as cuprite; [Ullmann] Also used in batteries, electroplating, and welding fluxes; [Hawley] Other uses include photoelectronics, hydrometallurgy , as an antiseptic for fishnets, antioxidant in lubricants, reducing agent in synthesis, and in the purification of helium; [EPA/OHMTADS]

Welding [Category: Weld]

Ceramics making [Category: Hobbies]

For Copper (I) oxide (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 025601) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Fungicide; antiseptic for fish nets; in antifouling paints for marine use; in photoelectric cells; as red pigment for glass, ceramic glazes; in brazing pastes; in rectifiers; as catalyst

Copper salts, ceramics, porcelain red glaze, red glass, electroplating, antifouling paints, fungicide, catalyst, brazing preparations, photocells.

2023: 10,000,000 - <50,000,000 lb

(1984) 4.55X10+9 g

Prepared commercially by furnace reduction of mixtures of copper oxides with copper; by decomp of copper ammonium carbonate; by treatment of cupric hydroxide with sulfur dioxide; or by electrolysis of an aq soln of sodium chloride between copper electrodes.

By precipitation of copper salts by alkalies in the presence of reducing agents.

(1) Oxidation of finely divided copper. (2) Addition of bases to cuprous chloride. (3) Action of glucose on cupric hydroxide.

Copper (thermal oxidation); copper + ammonia + ammonium sulphate (ammonium sulphate oxidation process); copper + ammonia + ammonium carbonate (ammonium carbonate distillation process)

For more Methods of Manufacturing (Complete) data for COPPER (I) OXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

From Nordox. Copper Nordox--50% copper dispersable powder; Oleo-Nordox Ultra--40% copper oil suspension, designed for ultra-limited volume application in oil; Nordox SD-45--45% copper as cuprous oxide non dusting powder for cotton seed dressing.

Grade: Technical, CP, 97% min (for pigments), also USN Type I (97%), USN Type II (90%).

Water dispersible granules; wettable powder

Yellow cuprous oxide ... containing 47% of metallic copper, is sold under the trademark of Yellow Cuprocide and may be used as a spray or dust.

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for COPPER (I) OXIDE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Asphalt Paving, Roofing, and Coating Materials Manufacturing

Copper oxide (Cu2O): ACTIVE