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Pesticide -> EPA IRIS

Agrochemicals -> Pesticide active substances

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

Pesticides -> Herbicides, Chloracetanilide

Pesticide

Pesticide (Acetochlor) -> USDA PDB

log Kow = 4.14

3.03

Clear, viscous liquid

Pale straw-colored oil

Thick, oily liquid, light amber to violet

In water, 233 mg/L at 25 °C

Soluble in 1,2-dichloroethane, p-xylene, n-heptane

Soluble in alcohol, acetone, toluene, carbon tetrachloride

Soluble in diethyl ether, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate

BP: 172 °C at 5 mm Hg

BP: 134 °C at 0.4 torr

Warning

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P317, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Warning

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P317, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity; Nephrotoxicity and Other Toxicity to the Urinary System; Neurotoxicity; Reproductive Toxicity

Commission Regulation (EC) No 33/2008

Acetochlor is listed in the dataset of EPA Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides under the Safe Drinking Water Act (40 eCFR 141)

2008/934, Reg. (EU) No 1372/2011

Acetochlor: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

A skin and respiratory tract irritant; May cause skin sensitization; [eChemPortal: ESIS] Caused mild skin and eye irritation to the eyes of rabbits; Other effects in high-dose animal studies include changes to the liver, convulsions, dyspnea, and methemoglobinemia; [RTECS] No significant adverse effects were observed in rats following 800 ppm oral dose over 90 days; [HSDB] No toxicity reported in workers manufacturing or handling Acetochlor; [Reference #2]

USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Report of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) Tolerance Reassessment Progress and Risk Management Decision (TRED) for Acetochlor, EPA 738-R-00-009 (March 2006). EPA issues a TRED for a pesticide that requires tolerance reassessment decisions, but does not require a reregistration eligibility decision at present because: the pesticide was initially registered after November 1, 1984, and by law is not included within the scope of the reregistration program; EPA completed a RED for the pesticide before FQPA was enacted on August 3, 1996; or the pesticide is not registered for use in the U.S. but tolerances are established that allow crops treated with the pesticide to be imported from other countries.[Available from, as of January 26, 2012: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]

Tolerances are established for residues of acetochlor, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities in the table below. Compliance with the tolerance levels specified below is to be determined by measuring only acetochlor, 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6-ethyl-N-ethoxymethylacetanilide, and its metabolites containing the ethyl methyl aniline (EMA) moiety and the hydroxyethyl methyl aniline (HEMA) moiety. Both parent and the named metabolites shall be determined as ethyl methyl aniline (EMA) and hydroxyethyl methyl aniline (HEMA), and calculated as the stoichiometric equivalents of acetochlor, in or on the following commodities: [Table#6050]

Tolerances are established for indirect or inadvertent residues of acetochlor, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the raw agricultural commodities in the table to this paragraph when present therein as a result of application of acetochlor to the growing crops in the table to paragraph (a) of this section. Compliance with the tolerance levels specified below is to be determined by measuring only acetochlor, 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6-ethyl-N-ethoxymethylacetanilide, and its metabolites containing the ethyl methyl aniline (EMA) moiety and the hydroxyethyl methyl aniline (HEMA) moiety. Both parent and the named metabolites shall be determined as ethyl methyl aniline (EMA) and hydroxyethyl methyl aniline (HEMA), and calculated as the stoichiometric equivalents of acetochlor, in or on the following commodities. [Table#6051]

The Agency has evaluated the human health risks associated with all currently registered uses of acetochlor and has determined that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate non-occupational exposure to the pesticide chemical residue. In making this determination, EPA has considered dietary exposure from food and drinking water and all other non-occupational sources of pesticide exposure for which there is reliable information. In addition, the Agency has concluded that the cumulative risks associated with chloroacetanilide pesticides, including acetochlor, are below the Agency's level of concern. Therefore, the twelve (12) tolerances established for residues of acetochlor in/on raw agricultural commodities are now considered reassessed as safe under section 408(q) of FFDCA, as amended by FQPA.

New Active Ingredients ... includes chemicals not previously registered as pesticides, as well as pesticide active ingredients initially registered after November 1, 1984 and that currently have active product registrations. By law, these pesticides must meet new safety standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 and, if new safety standards are met, will be reviewed again on a 15-year cycle. Acetochlor is designated by EPA as a New Pesticide Active Ingredient. Active Ingredient Number: 121601; Type of Pesticide: conventional - herbicide; Use Site: food use/corn; Year: 1991.

Skin Irrit. 2 (100%)

Carcinogenicity - category 2

Carcinogenicity - Category 1B

Skin sensitization - Category 1B

Carc. 2

(ME) MAINE 14 ug/L

(MN) MINNESOTA 9 ug/L

(MN) MINNESOTA 300 ug/L /Acetochlor-ESA (ethane sulfonic acid)/

(MN) MINNESOTA 100 ug/L /Acetochlor-OXA (oxanilic acid)/

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective equipment. /Dupont Breakfree Herbicide/

Extinguishing Media: Water fog, "alcohol" foam, CO2, dry chemical. /Dupont Breakfree Herbicide/

Store in original container only. Keep container closed when not in use. Do not store near food or feed. /DuPont Breakfree Herbicide/

Safe Storage of Pesticides. Always store pesticides in their original containers, complete with labels that list ingredients, directions for use, and first aid steps in case of accidental poisoning. Never store pesticides in cabinets with or near food, animal feed, or medical supplies. Do not store pesticides in places where flooding is possible or in places where they might spill or leak into wells, drains, ground water, or surface water. /Residential users/

Do not contaminate /receiving/ water when disposing of equipment washwaters or rinsate. /DuPont Breakfree Herbicide/

In case of spill or leak on floor or paved surfaces, soak up with vermiculite, earth, or synthetic absorbent. /DuPont Breakfree Herbicide/

If a spill occurs, clean it up promptly. Don't wash it away. Instead, sprinkle the spill with sawdust, vermiculite, or kitty litter. Sweep it into a plastic garbage bag, and dispose of it as directed on the pesticide product label./Residential users/

After Applying a Pesticide, Indoors or Outdoors. To remove pesticide residues, use a bucket to rinse tools or equipment three times, including any containers or utensils that you used when mixing the pesticide. Then pour the rinsewater into the pesticide sprayer and reuse the solution by applying it according to the pesticide product label directions. After applying any pesticide wash your hands and any other parts of your body that may have come in contact with the pesticide..To prevent tracking pesticides inside, remove or rinse your boots or shoes before entering your home. Wash any clothes that have been exposed to a lot of pesticide separately from your regular wash. /Residential users/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal. Open dumping is prohibited. Do not reuse empty container. /Dupont Breakfree Herbicide/

Safe Disposal of Pesticides. The best way to dispose of small amounts of excess pesticides is to use them - apply them - according to the directions on the label. If you cannot use them, ask your neighbors whether they have a similar pest control problem and can use them. If all of the remaining pesticide cannot be properly used, check with your local solid waste management authority, environmental agency, or health department to find out whether your community has a household hazardous waste collection program or a similar program for getting rid of unwanted, leftover pesticides. These authorities can also inform you of any local requirements for pesticide waste disposal. /Residential users/

Safe Disposal of Pesticides. An empty pesticide container can be as hazardous as a full one because of residues left inside. Never reuse such a container. When empty, a pesticide container should be rinsed carefully three times and the rinsewater thoroughly drained back onto the sprayer or the container previously used to mix the pesticide. Use the rinsewater as a pesticide, following label directions. Replace the cap or closure securely. Dispose of the container according to label instructions. Do not puncture or burn a pressurized container like an aerosol - it could explode. Many communities have programs to recycle household waste such as empty bottles and cans. Do not recycle any pesticide containers, however, unless the recycling program specifically accepts pesticide containers and you follow the program's instructions for preparing the empty containers for collection. /Residential users/

Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. /DuPont Breakfree Herbicide/

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. /DuPont Breakfree Herbicide/

Do not enter or allow worker entry into treated areas during the restricted entry interval (REI) of 12 hours. Exception: If the product is soil-injected or soilincorporated, the Worker Protection Standard, under certain circumstances, allows workers to enter the treated area if there will be no contact with anything that has been treated. /DuPont Breakfree Herbicide/

/Restricted-entry interval (REI) of 4 hours./ PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with anything that has been treated, such as plants, soil, or water, is: Coveralls over short-sleeved shirt and short pants; Chemical-resistant gloves made of any waterproof material; Chemical-resistant footwear plus socks; Protective eyewear; and Chemical-resistant headgear for overhead exposure. /DuPont Breakfree Herbicide/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ACETOCHLOR (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Tolerances are established for residues of acetochlor, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities in the table below. Compliance with the tolerance levels specified below is to be determined by measuring only acetochlor, 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6-ethyl-N-ethoxymethylacetanilide, and its metabolites containing the ethyl methyl aniline (EMA) moiety and the hydroxyethyl methyl aniline (HEMA) moiety. Both parent and the named metabolites shall be determined as ethyl methyl aniline (EMA) and hydroxyethyl methyl aniline (HEMA), and calculated as the stoichiometric equivalents of acetochlor, in or on the following commodities: [Table#6048]

Tolerances are established for indirect or inadvertent residues of acetochlor, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the raw agricultural commodities in the table to this paragraph when present therein as a result of application of acetochlor to the growing crops in the table to paragraph (a) of this section. Compliance with the tolerance levels specified below is to be determined by measuring only acetochlor, 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6-ethyl-N-ethoxymethylacetanilide, and its metabolites containing the ethyl methyl aniline (EMA) moiety and the hydroxyethyl methyl aniline (HEMA) moiety. Both parent and the named metabolites shall be determined as ethyl methyl aniline (EMA) and hydroxyethyl methyl aniline (HEMA), and calculated as the stoichiometric equivalents of acetochlor, in or on the following commodities. [Table#6049]

Applicators and other handlers must wear: Coveralls over short-sleeved shirt and short pants; Chemical-resistant gloves made of any waterproof material such as polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride; Chemical-resistant footwear plus socks; Protective eyewear; Chemical-resistant headgear for overhead exposure; and Chemical-resistant apron when cleaning equipment, mixing, or loading. /DuPont Breakfree Herbicide/

LC50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Quail) age 14 days; diet >4610 ppm for 8 days

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard Duck) age 7 days; diet >4171 ppm for 8 days

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Quail) age 16 weeks; oral via capsule 49 mg/kg

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Quail) age 20 weeks; oral via capsule 1567 mg/kg (95% confidence interval: 1316-1974 mg/kg)

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for ACETOCHLOR (31 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 98.5(2) to 335(3) indicate that acetochlor is expected to have high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of acetochlor from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.7X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 1.67X10-7 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 223 mg/L(5). Acetochlor is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Acetochlor was degraded 8 to 15% in a sandy loam over the course of a 48 day incubation period(6), indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

FIELD STUDIES: Acetochlor, present at 100 ug/0.5 mL acetone water solution and incubated (26/21 °C day/night temperature; 65% relative humidity; 16 hr photoperiod) in a commercial black mold soil, was degraded to 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)acetamide; a half-life of 90 days was reported. Depending on soil type, temperature, and moisture content, field half-lives range between 7 and 203 days(1). Acetochlor was shown to leach in luvisol and calcisol soils from the Paris, France basin following rain events; however degradation products (ethanesulfonic acid and oxanillic acid) were detected as early as 7 days after field application. It was not detected below the 5-10 cm depth in the luvisol and below the 30-40 cm depth in the calisol when sampled at a later date(2).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 98.5(2) to 335(3) indicate that acetochlor is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.7X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.67X10-7 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 223 mg/L(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 250(SRC), from its log Kow of 4.14(5) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). The half-life of acetochlor in a sewage sludge was determined to be 17.2 hours(9), indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), acetochlor, which has a vapor pressure of 1.67X10-7 mm Hg at 29 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetochlor is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.6 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase acetochlor may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). An aqueous solution of acetochlor irradiated for 24 hours in a quartz reactor resulted in a light spectrum of the arch at 311-437 nm with the most intensive emission at 360 nm(4); therefore acetochlor may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ After exposure of Bufo raddei tadpoles to acetochlor (ACETO) for 14 days, malondialdehyde (MDA) and DNA-single strand break (DNA-SSB) in livers were analyzed. An enhanced accumulation of MDA suggests that ACETO causes oxidative stress, and the significant increase in the level of DNA-SSB indicates that ACETO induces DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner as well. On the basis of the fact that oxidative stress is caused by excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the present results, we speculate that ACETO-induced DNA damage may be a consequence of the generation of ROS. To evaluate this hypothesis, tadpoles were treated with ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or melatonin (MEL), prior to ACETO exposure. The decrease of DNA-SSB level and the increase of total antioxidant capability (TAC) show that ACETO-caused DNA damage can be attenuated by NAC and MEL. In addition, a negative correlation was observed between the extent of DNA damage and the level of TAC in tadpole liver.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The effects of a simple mixture of a glyphosate-based formulation and AMPA (Aminomethylphosphonic acid--a primary metabolite of glyphosate) and of a more complex mixture of herbicides (glyphosate/AMPA/mecoprop/acetochlor/2,4D) were explored on the molecular and physiological responses of the European flounder Platichthys flesus, considering a long-term and environmentally realistic contamination. Molecular responses were identified using suppression subtractive hybridization on liver samples: the level of gene transcription was significantly different between contaminated fishes vs control ones for 532 sequences, after a 62-day contamination. Among them, 222 sequences were identified by homology with data-based sequences; they encoded several metabolic pathways including: methionine and lipid metabolism, immunity, protein regulation, coagulation and energetic metabolism. Expression pattern of nine transcripts in the liver was confirmed by real-time PCR. The molecular study underlined that potential markers of liver injury were expressed for both mixtures, in particular betaine homocysteine methyl transferase and chemotaxin. Physiological responses were analysed considering blood parameters and condition factor; after the two months contamination period; no significant physiological difference was detected between contaminated and control fish.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In the present study DNA damage was evaluated in the Chinese toad using the comet assay, as a potential tool for the assessment of ecogenotoxicity. ... Negative effects on the behavior of tadpoles were observed with acetochlor, butachlor, and paraquat. ... The comet assay was used for detecting DNA damage in Chinese toad tadpoles exposed to sublethal concentrations of four herbicides. Significant (P < 0.05) concentration-dependent increase in DNA damage (as indicated by tail length, tail moment, olive tail moment) were observed from erythrocytes of tadpoles exposed to sublethal concentrations of acetochlor, butachlor, paraquat, and methyl methanesulfonate, except chlorimuron-ethyl. ...

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In this study, expression profiles of thyroid hormone receptor alpha (tralpha), deiodinase (d1 and d2), malic enzyme (me), and sodium iodide symporter (nis) genes were determined in larval and adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) after exposure to different levels of acetochlor (20, 200, and 2000 ng/L) for 21 days, respectively. Furthermore, plasma thyroid hormones (THs) levels in adults were evaluated simultaneously. The results showed that d1, d2, me, and nis mRNA levels were significantly down-regulated in the larvae. Similar expression changes of these genes in female brains were found. However, in adult livers, these gene expressions had no significant effects, except the tralpha mRNA level significantly up-regulated. These results indicated that exposure to acetochlor could result in tissue-specific alternative expression of TH-related genes in adults. Moreover, the expression of d2 and me showed a positive correlation with plasma T(4) levels in female brains. Therefore, larval development and adult brain of rare minnow could be affected by acetochlor at environmentally relevant concentrations.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ACETOCHLOR (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Acetochlor is mildly irritating to the skin and eyes. Exposure to metalaxyl often results in such nonspecific symptoms as headache, dizziness, weakness, and nausea. Acetochlor poisoning can produce an allergic hypersensitivity dermatitis or asthma with bronchospasm and wheezing with chronic exposure (T36).

Acetochlor

Hematologic

2 x 10 ^-2 mg/kg-day

The Koc of acetochlor has been reported as 98.5(1), 239(2), log 2.30 (Koc = 199)(3), and 165(4). Using a silty clay loam, a Koc of 335 was reported(5). According to a classification scheme(6), this range of Koc values suggests that acetochlor is expected to have high to moderate mobility in soil. The leaching potential of acetochlor was assessed to be marginal based on a Koc value of 165 mL/g and a half-life in soil of 12 days(4). Freundlich adsorption coefficients of 7.9 and 4.8 were reported using Chinese agricultural soils - Beijing (pH 8.4; 1.5% organic carbon; cation exchange capacity 84 mmol/100 g; 59% sand; 38% silt; 3% clay) and Hebei (pH 7.7; 0.8% organic carbon; cation exchange capacity 215.4 mmol/100 g; 73% sand; 22% silt; 5% clay)(7). Using a soil inoculum from an agricultural field of Northwestern Beijing, China (pH 8.4; 1.5% organic carbon; cation exchange capacity 84.0 mmol/100 g; 59% silt; 38% sand; 3% clay), a mean Freundlich adsorption coefficient of 4.339 L/kg was measured(8).

Tolerances are established for residues of acetochlor, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities in the table below. Compliance with the tolerance levels specified below is to be determined by measuring only acetochlor, 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6-ethyl-N-ethoxymethylacetanilide, and its metabolites containing the ethyl methyl aniline (EMA) moiety and the hydroxyethyl methyl aniline (HEMA) moiety. Both parent and the named metabolites shall be determined as ethyl methyl aniline (EMA) and hydroxyethyl methyl aniline (HEMA), and calculated as the stoichiometric equivalents of acetochlor, in or on the following commodities: [Table#6050]

Tolerances are established for indirect or inadvertent residues of acetochlor, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the raw agricultural commodities in the table to this paragraph when present therein as a result of application of acetochlor to the growing crops in the table to paragraph (a) of this section. Compliance with the tolerance levels specified below is to be determined by measuring only acetochlor, 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6-ethyl-N-ethoxymethylacetanilide, and its metabolites containing the ethyl methyl aniline (EMA) moiety and the hydroxyethyl methyl aniline (HEMA) moiety. Both parent and the named metabolites shall be determined as ethyl methyl aniline (EMA) and hydroxyethyl methyl aniline (HEMA), and calculated as the stoichiometric equivalents of acetochlor, in or on the following commodities. [Table#6051]

The Agency has evaluated the human health risks associated with all currently registered uses of acetochlor and has determined that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate non-occupational exposure to the pesticide chemical residue. In making this determination, EPA has considered dietary exposure from food and drinking water and all other non-occupational sources of pesticide exposure for which there is reliable information. In addition, the Agency has concluded that the cumulative risks associated with chloroacetanilide pesticides, including acetochlor, are below the Agency's level of concern. Therefore, the twelve (12) tolerances established for residues of acetochlor in/on raw agricultural commodities are now considered reassessed as safe under section 408(q) of FFDCA, as amended by FQPA.

New Active Ingredients ... includes chemicals not previously registered as pesticides, as well as pesticide active ingredients initially registered after November 1, 1984 and that currently have active product registrations. By law, these pesticides must meet new safety standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 and, if new safety standards are met, will be reviewed again on a 15-year cycle. Acetochlor is designated by EPA as a New Pesticide Active Ingredient. Active Ingredient Number: 121601; Type of Pesticide: conventional - herbicide; Use Site: food use/corn; Year: 1991.

(ME) MAINE 14 ug/L

(MN) MINNESOTA 9 ug/L

(MN) MINNESOTA 300 ug/L /Acetochlor-ESA (ethane sulfonic acid)/

(MN) MINNESOTA 100 ug/L /Acetochlor-OXA (oxanilic acid)/

The main pathway of metabolism is the glutathione conjugation and further mercapturic acid pathway and glucuronidation. ...

... /Researchers/ positively identified acetochlor mercapturate (ACM) as a metabolite of acetochlor in urine samples collected during a 24 hr period from custom (commercial) applicators who had applied acetochlor on either the day of or the day before urine collection. Concentrations in applicator urine samples ranged from 0.5 to 449 ug/L (0.3-121 ug/g creatinine). ... /Investigators/ found that ACM accounted for as much as 42% of the total acetochlor-derived metabolites; however, as the exposure level decreased (based on total acetochlor metabolite level), ACM became a less abundant metabolite of acetochlor (<17%). Unmetabolized acetochlor was also measured in the urine samples analyzed. At high exposures (classified as >100 ug/L), acetochlor accounted for about 0.8% of the total excreted acetochlor metabolites (approximately 2% of the ACM concentrations). At lower exposures (classified as ACM<10 ug/L), ACM and acetochlor concentrations were similar. Additionally, we tentatively identified another acetochlor metabolite that appeared to be important at low levels of exposure.

Acetachlor has known human metabolites that include 2-Chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)acetamide and N-(Ethoxymethyl)-2-ethyl-6-methylaniline.

Acetochlor is rapidly and almost entirely absorbed (>80% in 48hr). It is widely distributed in well perfused organs and shows a low potential for bioaccumulation. There is some accumulation in nasal turbinates in rats but not in mice. The elimination occurs mainly via urine (66-72% in 48hr) and feces (12-21% in 48hr, from which 80-85% is eliminated through bile).

Absorbed mainly by germinating plant shoots, secondarily by roots. Translocation ... throughout the plant, with higher concentrations in vegetative parts than in reproductive parts.

Used as selective pre-emergence herbicide for control of most annual grasses, certain annual broad-leaved weeds, and yellow nutsedge; [HSDB] Registered for use on field corn and popcorn; [EPA REDs]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

For acetochlor (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 121601) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Herbicide

Used pre-emergence or pre-plant to control annual grasses, certain broadleaf weeds and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) in maize, peanuts, soy beans, cotton, potatoes and sugar cane

/Acetochlor/ is absorbed by the shoots (less so by the roots) of germinating plants and inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible plants.

Acetochlor is produced by reaction of chloroacetyl chloride with the azomethine of 2-ethyl-6-methylaniline and formaldehyde, followed by treatment with ethanol.

Ethoxy methylation of the appropriate acetanilide.

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 121601; Trade Names: MON 097; CP 55097; Harness.

Emulsifiable concentrate, granule, microencapsulate.

Premix Partners: Atrazine; Bensulfuron-methyl; Clopyralid; EPTC: Flumetsulam; Flurochloridone; Oxyfluorfen; Quizalofop-P-ethyl; Terbuthylazine.

Doubleplay Selective Herbicide (Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC): EPTC 67.8%, Acetochlor 16.9%.

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for ACETOCHLOR (45 total), please visit the HSDB record page.