| GHS 분류 | DangerH301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]P260, P264, P270, P271, P284, P301+P316, P304+P340, P316, P320, P321, P330, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 49 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies. |
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| 규제 정보 | 1H-Imidazol-2-amine, N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-, monohydrochloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
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| 기타 안전 정보 | IMAP assessments - Benzenamine, 2,6-dichloro-N-2-imidazolidinylidene-, monohydrochloride: Human health tier I assessment |
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| Hazard Classes and Categories | Acute Tox. 3 (100%) |
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| Treatment | There is no specific antidote for clonidine overdosage. Clonidine overdosage may result in the rapid development of CNS depressiontherefore, induction of vomiting with ipecac syrup is not recommended. Gastric lavage may be indicated following recent and/or large ingestions. Administration of activated charcoal and/or a cathartic may be beneficial. Supportive care may include atropine sulfate for bradycardia, intravenous fluids and/or vasopressor agents for hypotension and vasodilators for hypertension. Naloxone may be a useful adjunct for the management of clonidine-induced respiratory depression, hypotension and/or comablood pressure should be monitored since the administration of naloxone has occasionally resulted in paradoxical hypertension. Tolazoline administration has yielded inconsistent results and is not recommended as first-line therapy. (L1712) |
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| 노출 경로 | Well absorbed following oral administration. Bioavailability following chronic administration is approximately 65%. |
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| 독성 요약 | Clonidine acts as an agonist at presynaptic alpha(2)-receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the medulla oblongata. Stimulation of these receptors results in the supression of efferent sympathetic pathways and the subsequent decrease in blood pressure and vascular tone in the heart, kidneys, and peripheral vasculature. Clonidine is also a partial agonist at presynaptic alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors of peripheral nerves in vascular smooth muscle. |
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| Signs and Symptoms | Symptoms of overdose include constriction of pupils of the eye, drowsiness, high blood pressure followed by a drop in pressure, irritability, low body temperature, slowed breathing, slowed heartbeat, slowed reflexes, and weakness. |
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| Carcinogen Classification | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
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| Drug Induced Liver Injury | Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)Clonidine hydrochlorideAmbiguous-DILI-concern3Adverse reactionsDOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015 |
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| Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation | ◉ Summary of Use during Lactation |
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| Toxicity Data | LD50: 150 mg/kg (oral, rat)
LD50: 30 mg/kg (oral, dog) |
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