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Insecticides

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

Pesticides -> Organophosphate Insecticides

Pesticide (Bromophos ethyl) -> USDA PDB

log Kow= 6.15

5.68

Solubility (20 °C): 0.14 mg/l water; completely soluble in most common solvents.

Soluble in all organic solvents

In water, 0.44 mg/l @ 20 °C

Danger

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Effects in high-dose animal studies include dyspnea, lacrimation, and convulsions; [RTECS] Besides cholinesterase inhibition, no superficial physical effects were observed in four week animal feeding studies; [INCHEM JMPR] The average of two baseline respective cholinesterase activity determinations three days apart, with no exposures to enzyme inhibiting pesticides for at least 30 days, is recommended for each worker prior to exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors because of large inter-individual differences in published baseline values. To be established at least once a year. Removal from workplace exposures is recommended until the cholinesterase activity returns to within 20% of baseline. [TLVs and BEIs]

Bromophos-ethyl

Severe marine pollutant

Acute Tox. 3 (100%)

Hazardous to the aquatic environment (acute) - category 1

Acute Tox. 3 *

49 216 74; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 216 75; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, liquid)

49 105 44; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 105 45; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, liquid)

49 216 76; Organophosphorus pesticide, solid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 216 77; Organophosphorus pesticide, solid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, other than liquid)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

UN 3018; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, not otherwise specified

UN 3017; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable, not otherwise specified, flashpoint between 23 °C and 61 °C

UN 2783; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic, not otherwise specified

UN 2784; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, not otherwise specified, flashpoint less than 23 °C

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for BROMOPHOS-ETHYL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

ANY MATERIAL SPILLED ON SKIN SHOULD BE IMMEDIATELY REMOVED WITH SOAP & WATER. WHEN SPRAYING & DUSTING...CONTAMINATED CLOTHING SHOULD BE CHANGED FREQUENTLY. /ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES/

CONTAINERS ... SHOULD BE CLEANED WITH A SUSPENSION OF BLEACHING POWDER IN WATER OR WITH OTHER ALKALINE SOLN AFTER SOAKING FOR 24 HR AND THEN BE RINSED WITH HOT WATER. /ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES/

THE STRICT OBSERVANCE OF HYGIENE RULES- NO SMOKING AND NO FOOD INTAKE DURING WORK, THOROUGH WASHING WITH SOAP AFTER WORK, CHANGING PROTECTIVE CLOTHING BEFORE GOING HOME- IS OF THE UTMOST IMPORTANCE. /ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES/

THE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SHOULD BE KEPT IN SEPARATE PLACES WHERE IT CANNOT BE CONTAMINATED WITH TOXIC CHEMICALS. IT SHOULD BE FORBIDDEN TO KEEP THIS CLOTHING IN LIVING QUARTERS. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING MUST BE WASHED AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK AND EACH TIME IT IS CONTAMINATED WITH PESTICIDES. BEFORE WASHING THE CLOTHING SHOULD BE SOAKED FOR SEVERAL HOURS IN A CALCIUM CARBONATE SOLUTION. /PESTICIDES/

USE OF RUBBER GLOVES, GOGGLES, RESPIRATOR &...PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. /ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES/

WORKERS HANDLING AND APPLYING ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES ... MUST BE GIVEN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT COMPRISING OVERALLS MADE OF A TIGHT FABRIC OR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, GLOVES AND RUBBER BOOTS. THEY MUST WEAR A RESPIRATOR WITH AN ACTIVATED-CARBON GAS FILTER CARTRIDGE AFFORDING PROTECTION FOR A DETERMINED NUMBER OF WORKING HOURS. THE EYES SHOULD BE PROTECTED BY GOGGLES. ... /ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES/

LD50 Quail oral 200 mg/kg

LC50 Guppy 0.14-0.24 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Rainbow trout > 0.4 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 54,000(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 6.15(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that bromophos-ethyl is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of bromophos-ethyl from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Bromophos-ethyl is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 4.60X10-5 mm Hg(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 54,000(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 6.15(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that bromophos-ethyl is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 73 hrs and 40 days, respectively(SRC). However, the volatilization half-life does not take into account the effects of adsorption. An estimated KOC of 54,000(SRC) from a log Kow of 6.15(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests that volatilization could be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediments in water(SRC). This is apparent from the results of two EXAMS model runs, one in which the effect of adsorption was considered, yielding an estimated half-life of 25 years in a model pond 2 m deep, and one in which the effects of adsorption was ignored, yielding an estimated half-life of 51 days in a model pond 2 m deep(7). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 1.0X10+4(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), bromophos-ethyl, which has a vapor pressure of 4.60X10-5 mm Hg at 30 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase bromophos-ethyl is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase bromophos-ethyl may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

The average daily intake (AVDI) of bromophos-ethyl in 8 population groups in 1982-1984 was determined according to the FDA's monitoring program for chemical contaminants in the US food supply (Total Diet Study or Market Basket Study). In 6-11 month old infants, 2 yr old toddlers, 14-16 year old females, 14-16 year old males, 25-30 year old females, 25-30 year old males, 60-65 year old females, and 60-65 year old males, the AVDI was <0.1 ng/kg body weight per day(1).

Workers handling & applying pesticides must undergo an annual medical examination at the beginning of each agricultural season. /SRP: Protect from exposure those individuals with/ organic diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases & circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis & keratitis). The blood cholinesterase activity must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed to organophosphorus pesticides until this activity is completely restored. Persons with initial signs of indisposition should cease work with pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

The Koc of bromophos-ethyl is estimated as 54,000(SRC), using a log Kow of 6.15(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that bromophos-ethyl is expected to be immobile in soil.

All the organophosphorus insecticides have a cumulative effect by progressive inhibition of cholinesterase ... /Organophosphorus insecticides/

The symptoms of chronic poisoning due to organophosphorus pesticides include headache, weakness, feeling of heaviness in head, decline of memory, quick onset of fatigue, disturbed sleep, loss of appetite, & loss of orientation. Psychic disorders, nystagmus, trembling of the hands & other nervous system disorders can be observed in certain cases. Sometimes neuritis, paresis & paralysis develop. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Toxic effects may include anorexia, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, incontinence, eye changes, weakness, dyspnea, bronchospasm, lacrimation, increased salivation & sweating, bradycardia, hypotension or hypertension due to asphyxia, cyanosis, & muscular twitching of the eyelids, tongue, face, & neck, possibly progressing to convulsions. Central nervous system symptoms include restlessness, anxiety, dizziness, drowsiness, tremor, ataxia, depression, confusion, & coma. Death may occur from depression of the respiratory or cardiovascular system. Neuropathy appears to be a rare problem with the organophosphorus insecticides now in use. /Organophosphorus insecticides/

Organophosphate insecticides ... are potent cholinesterase enzyme inhibitors that act by interfering with the metabolism of acetylcholine, which results in accumulation of acetylcholine at neuroreceptor transmission sites. Exposure produces a broad spectrum of clinical effects indicative of massive overstimulation of the chlorinergic system, including muscarinic effects (parasympathetic), nicotinic effects (sympathetic and motor), and CNS effects. These effects present clinically as feeling of headache, weakness, dizziness, blurred vision, psychosis, respiratory difficulty, paralysis, convulsions, and coma. Typical findings are given by the mnemonic "SLUD." which stands for salivation, lacrimation, urination, and defecation. A small percentage of patients may fail to demonstrate miosis, a classic diagnostic hallmark. Onset of clinical manifestation of organophosphate poisoning usually occurs within 12 hours of exposure. /Organophosphate insecticides/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for BROMOPHOS-ETHYL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

An estimated BCF of 1.0X10+4 was calculated for bromophos-ethyl(SRC), using a log Kow of 6.15(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high.

Organophosphorus derivatives act by combining with and inactivating the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). ... The inactivation of cholinesterase by cholinesterase inhibitor pesticides allows the accumulation of large amounts of acetylcholine, with resultant widespread effects that may be ... separated into 4 categories: (1) Potentiation of postganglionic parasympathetic activity. ... (2) Persistent depolarization of skeletal muscle ... (3) Initial stimulation followed by depression of cells of central nervous system ... (4) Variable ganglionic stimulation or blockade ... /Cholinesterase inhibitor pesticides/

The main feature of the toxic mechanism of organophosphorus pesticides is inhibition of the esterase enzyme activity, in particular of cholinesterase, which plays an important physiological part. Organophosphorus pesticides can also indirectly interact with the biochemical receptors of acetylcholine. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Plasma & tissue enzymes are responsible for hydrolysis /of organophosphorus compounds/ to the corresponding phosphoric & phosphonic acids. However, oxidative enzymes are also involved in the metabolism of some organophosphorus compounds. /Anticholinesterase agents/

The organophosphorus anticholinesterase agents are hydrolyzed in the body by a group of enzymes known as A-esterases or paroxonase. The enzymes are found in plasma and in the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum & can hydrolyze a large number of organophosphorus compounds ... by splitting the anhydride, P-F, P-CN, or ester bond. /Anticholinesterase agents/

Bromophos was enzymatically degraded to 4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl phosphorothionate. This was the only product formed when hog or mouse liver preparations were used. Glutathione stimulated the reaction. When incubated with 4 molor sodium hydroxide, dimethyl phosphorothionate formed. No desmethyl bromophos was observed. When incubated with buffers of pH 10 and 11, the aryl phosphorothionate did form. /Bromophos/

The oxon of bromophos was hydrolyzed rather slowly by plasma of sheep, rabbit, rat, and chicken. /Bromophos/

Analyses of meat fats of animals from areas that use bromophos-ethyl dips and sprays to control cattle ticks have detected a residue identified as O,O-diethyl O-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)phosphorothionate.

The rate of dermal absorption /of organophosphorus pesticides/ may be ... influenced by the solvent used. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

... The organophosphorus insecticides are, in contrast to the chlorinated insecticides, rapidly metabolized & excreted and are not appreciably stored in body tissues. /Organophosphorus insecticides/

Many of the organophosphorus insecticides are excreted in the milk ... /Organophosphorus insecticides/

Following their absorption, most organophosphorus cmpd are excreted ... as hydrolysis products in the urine. /Anticholinesterase agents/

For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for BROMOPHOS-ETHYL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Used as acaricide, insecticide, and larvicide for fruit, vegetables, field crops, ornamentals, forestry, public health (i.e. flies and mosquitoes), animal houses, and animal dips; [HSDB]

No longer registered as a pesticide for use in the US; [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

For Bromophos-ethyl (USEPA PC Code 214500) there are 0 labels match./SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S./

Acaricide, insecticide, larvicide /Former use/

Control of Diptera, Hemiptera, some Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, some other insects, and mites in fruit, vegetables, field crops, ornamentals, and forestry. Also used in public health for control of flies, mosquito larvae, etc; for control of insects in animal houses; and as an animal ectoparasiticide. /former uses/

Trade Names: Filariol, Nexagan.

Emulsifiable concentrate; wettable powder; granules; cold fogging concentrate; ultra-low vol liquid.

Emulsifiable concentrate (400 or 800 g ai/l), wettable powder (250 g/kg); granules (50 g/kg); cold fogging concentrate (800-900 g/l); animal dips (400 g/l).

Discontinued by Shell Agrar GmbH & Co KG

... Compatible with other pesticides except sulfur and organometal fungicides.

Material believed to be no longer manufactured, or marketed for crop protection use