테트라클로로페놀

Other Classes -> Chlorophenols

Chlorinated/Brominated phenol

log Kow = 4.21

4.37

1.6 at 140 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.6

less than 1 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)

Very soluble in ethanol

Sublimes (NTP, 1992)

Sublimes

sublimes

241 °F (NTP, 1992)

116.5 °C

241 °F

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 2.3% (1 of 43) of reports.

Danger

H301 (97.7%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 43 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. Depending on the intensity and duration of exposure, effects may vary from mild irritation to severe destruction of tissue. Prolonged contact can cause eye damage. It can also cause irritation of the nose and throat. Exposure to this type of compound may cause profuse sweating, intense thirst, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cyanosis from methemoglobinemia, hyperactivity, stupor, blood pressure fall, hyperpnea, hemolysis, convulsions, collapse, coma and pulmonary edema followed by pneumonia. If death from respiratory failure is not immediate, jaundice and oliguria or anuria may occur. Other symptoms of exposure to this type of compound may include headache, dizziness, rapid and difficult breathing, weakness, severe burns and internal damage. Chronic exposure may result in digestive disturbances, nervous disorders, skin eruptions and liver and kidney damage. Skin contact with this type of compound may result in softening and whitening of the skin, followed by the development of painful burns. Prolonged contact may lead to dermatitis. Local contact may also result in painless blanching or erythema and corrosion of the skin. Skin sensitivity reactions occur occasionally.

A nose, throat, and respiratory tract irritant; [HSDB] Prolonged contact corrosive to eyes; May cause skin burns, hyperthermia, methemoglobinemia, liver and kidney damage, and convulsions; [CAMEO] A strong irritant; [MSDSonline] See CHLOROPHENOLS.

F027; Discarded unused formulations containing tri-, tetra-, or pentachlorophenol or discarded unused formulations containing compounds derived from these chlorophenols are classified as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source and must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (see 40 CFR 261.5).

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Chlorophenols is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart. /Chlorophenols/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2,3,4,5-TETRACHLOROPHENOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Wear boots, protective gloves, and goggles. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Pentachlorophenol/

Wear appropriate equipment to prevent: Any possibility of skin contact. /Pentachlorophenol/

Wear eye protection to prevent: Any possibility of eye contact. /Pentachlorophenol/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2,3,4,5-TETRACHLOROPHENOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves.

The following equipment should be available /in work area/: eyewash, quick drench. /Pentachlorophenol/

If any possibility of eye contact, eye protective equipment should be worn. /Pentachlorophenol/

Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 5 mg/cu m: Respirator Classes: Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a dust, mist, and fume filter; may require eye protection. Any supplied-air respirator; may require eye protection. Any self-contained breathing apparatus; may require eye protection. /Pentachlorophenol/

Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 12.5 mg/cu m: Respirator Classes: Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode; may require eye protection. Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a dust, mist, and fume filter; may require eye protection. /Pentachlorophenol/

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 2,3,4,5-TETRACHLOROPHENOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

In case of oral exposure, dilution may enhance absorption of phenol and should be avoided, but charcoal may be administered. If methemoglobinemia occurs, administer 1 to 2 mg/kg of 1% methylene blue slowly IV in symptomatic patients. Additional doses may be required. If hypotension occurs, infuse 10 to 20 mL/kg isotonic fluid. If hypotension persists, administer dopamine or norepinephrine. Following inhalation exposure, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress, and if cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes following eye exposure. Following dermal exposure, remove phenol with undiluted polyethylene glycol 300 to 400 or isopropyl alcohol prior to washing, if readily available. Wash exposed areas twice or for at least 10 minutes with large quantities of soapy water. Water alone may be harmful. (T36)

LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 410 mg/l/96 hr (confidence limit 380 - 440 mg/l), flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 25.7 °C, dissolved oxygen 7.5 mg/l, hardness 45.1 mg/l calcium carbonate, alkalinity 41.3 mg/l calcium carbonate, and pH 7.29. Effect: loss of equilibrium

LC50 Poecilia reticulata (guppy) 0.77 ppm/24 hr at pH 7.3. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values of 13200, 13900, and 12500 for a lake sediment (foc=0.094), river sediment (foc=0.026), and aquifer material (foc=0.0084), respectively(2) indicate that 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). A pKa of 6.35 indicates that 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol exists mainly as the phenolate anion in neutral and alkaline environments(3). Volatilization of 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be important(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.5X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on an estimated vapor pressure of 1.6X10-4 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). Based on limited data, biodegradation of 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol may occur under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. 31% and 0% biodegradation of 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol was reported in an aerobic clay loam soil after 160 days and in an anaerobic clay loam soil after 80 days, respectively(6). However, another study using anaerobic estuarine sediment reported a half-life of 6.5 days with the formation of 3,4,5-trichlorophenol (27%) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (22%) as major intermediates(7). BCF values of 38 to 41 and 213 to 351 were measured in two species of earthworms, E. fetida andrei and L. rubellus, respectively(8).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values of 13200, 13900, and 12500 for a lake sediment (foc=0.094), river sediment (foc=0.026), and aquifer material (foc=0.0084), respectively(2) indicate that 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). In a field aqueous adsorption study, the ratio of 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol concn in sediment to water was measured as 680 and in suspended matter to water was 240(3). 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.5X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 930(5,SRC), from a log Kow value (7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Photolysis at water surfaces may be an important fate process; a photochemical half-life of 0.88 hours was measured for 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol in a 99% ethanol/1% sodium phosphate solution (pH=7) using filtered light at 295 to 500 nm to simulate sunlight(8). Based on limited data, biodegradation of 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol may occur under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In a river die-away study, 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol had a biodegradation rate constant of 1.4X10-7 M/hr; a lag phase of 17 days was reported(9). A study using anaerobic estuarine sediment reported a half-life of 6.5 days with the formation of 3,4,5-trichlorophenol(27%) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol(22%) as major intermediates(10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.6X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 10 days(3,SRC). Particulate-phase 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol may be physically removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

Tetrachlorophenols decrease or block ATP production without blocking the electron transport chain. Thus the poisons uncouple phosphorylation from oxidation. Free energy from the electron transport chain then converts to more body heat. As body temp rises, heat-dissipating mechanisms are overcome and metabolism is speeded. More ADP and other substrates accumulate, and these substrates stimulate the electron transport chain further. The electron transport chain responds by using up more and more available oxygen (increasing oxygen demand) in an effort to produce ATP, but much of the free energy generated is liberated as still more body heat. Oxygen demand quickly overcomes oxygen supply, and energy reserves become depleted. (A541)

Leeches exposed to water in Thunder Bay Harbor, Lake Superior, Canada for 3 weeks bioaccumulated 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol at 63 to 427 ng/g near wastewater discharge points from a pulp mill; at sites located at a greater distance from the discharge area no bioaccumulation in leeches was seen(1).

Dust has been found irritating to the nose and throat. Skin or eye contact can cause irritation of the exposed surface. Clinical signs preceding death for all tetrachlorophenol isomers included initial hyperactivity followed by hypoactivity, neuromuscular weakness, and convulsions. Headache can also result from exposure to 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol. (L159)

2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in soils collected from three different saw mills in Finland at up to 1 mg/kg fresh soil, possibly as a degradation product from pentachlorophenol(1). Soil collected at an abandoned sawmill site near a wood-preserving facility contained 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol at 2500 ug/kg dry soil(4). 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol was measured in the raw gas, upstream from the electrostatic precipitator, from a hazardous waste incinerator at 6.5 to 50 ng/cu m(2). 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol was reported in the emissions from a metal reclamation plant in Finland(3). Emissions during aluminum smelting (1.2 ug/normalized cu m), car shredding (0.4 ug/normalized cu m), turnings drying (3.7 ug/normalized cu m), sink and float separation (0.0 ug/normalized cu m), and ring crushing (0.1 ug/normalized cu m) were monitored(3). 1 of 40 potable water treatment plants monitored in Canada during October-December 1984 contained 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol at maximum and mean concns of 13 and 0.3 ng/l, respectively, in raw water samples; during February-March 1985, raw water at 1 of 40 plants contained 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol at maximum and mean concns of 12 and 0.2 ng/l, respectively(5). 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol was not detected at any time in the treated water(5). Twelve sewage sludges from rural, urban and industrial sewage treatment works in NW England contained 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol at 0.04 to 1.36 ug/l with a mean of 0.50 ug/l, wet weight concns(6).

Exposure to chlorophenols may be monitored from their urinary concentrations. Because of efficient skin absorption, biologic monitoring is probably superior to measurement of air concentrations. The proportions of different chlorophenols vary in different chlorophenol preparations and even in different lots of the same preparation. It is therefore best to analyze both tri-, tetra-, and pentachlorophenols. /Chlorophenols/

F027; Discarded unused formulations containing tri-, tetra-, or pentachlorophenol or discarded unused formulations containing compounds derived from these chlorophenols are classified as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source and must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (see 40 CFR 261.5).

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Chlorophenols is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart. /Chlorophenols/

CHLORINATED PHENOLS ... ARE VERY EFFECTIVE ( ... IN VITRO) AS UNCOUPLERS OF OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION. THEY THUS PREVENT INCORPORATION OF INORGANIC PHOSPHATE INTO ATP WITHOUT EFFECTING ELECTRON TRANSPORT. AS A RESULT OF THIS ACTION, WHICH IS BELIEVED TO OCCUR @ MITOCHONDRIAL /MEMBRANE/, CELLS CONTINUE TO RESPIRE BUT SOON ARE DEPLETED OF ATP NECESSARY FOR GROWTH. /CHLOROPHENOLS/

The chlorophenols ... act at the sites of adenosine triphosphate production and decrease or block it without blocking the electron transport chain. Thus the poisons uncouple phosphorylation from oxidation. Free energy from the electron transport chain then converts to more body heat. As body temp rises, heat-dissipating mechanisms are overcome and metabolism is speeded. More adenosine diphosphate and other substrates accumulate, and these substrates stimulate the electron transport chain further. The electron transport chain responds by using up more and more available oxygen (increasing oxygen demand) in an effort to produce adenosine triphosphate, but much of the free energy generated is liberated as still more body heat. Oxygen demand quickly overcomes oxygen supply, and energy reserves become depleted. /Chlorophenols/

The comparative formation of chlorophenol metabolites of hexachlorocyclohexane was investigated in rats and mice. Male Swiss mice and female Wistar rats were fed a diet containing 500 ppm hexachlorocyclohexane. Circulating concentrations of chlorophenols were determined after 24 hr in Wistar rats and Swiss mice given a single 200 mg/kg ip injection of hexachlorocyclohexane. Chlorophenol metabolites identified included 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol. Species differences in the rate of chlorophenol metabolite formation in vitro were also measured in hepatic microsome fractions prepared from Aroclor 1254 pretreated animals.

The comparative formation of chlorophenol metabolites of hexachlorocyclohexane was investigated in rats and mice. Male Swiss mice and female Wistar rats were fed a diet containing 500 parts per million hexachlorocyclohexane. Animals were killed after 2 months and hepatic chlorophenol metabolites were determined using hig performance liquid chromatography. Circulating concentrations of chlorophenols were determined in Wistar rats and Swiss mice given a single 200 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of hexachlorocyclohexane. After 24 hours blood was collected by heart puncture and chlorophenols assayed chromatographically. Species differences in the rate of chlorophenol metabolite formation in vitro were also measured in hepatic microsome fractions prepared from Aroclor 1254 pretreated animals. Chlorophenol metabolites identified were 2,6-dichlorophenol, 2,3,5-trichlorophenol, 2,3,6-trichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol. No qualitative species difference was detected in chromatographic profiles of chlorophenols extracted from mouse and rat liver after continuous 2 month administration of hexachlorocyclohexane. Only 2,6-dichlorophenol was significantly higher in mouse live than that observed in rat liver: 1292.5 ng/g in mouse and 140.0 ng/g in rat. No qualitative difference was observed in the chlorophenols of blood of mice and rats. However, the concentration of 2,6-dichlorophenol was 11.52 ug/ml compared to 1.65 ug/ml in mouse blood. In vitro, 647 picomoles/mg/hour 2,4,6-trichlorophenol were formed by rat liver microsomes, compared to 219 picomoles/mg/hour by mouse liver microsomes. It was concluded that hexachlorocyclohexane may be a tumor promoting agent which acts by facilitating the development of latent initiated cells of unknown origin. Differential plasma clearance of 2,6-dichlorophenol may account for species differences in its concentration; however it is unlikely that it plays a major role in the induction of liver tumors in mice.

The metabolism of tetrachlorobenzenes was investigated in the squirrel monkey and a comparison made of the interspecies metabolism of such compounds. Three groups of four male monkeys were given orally single doses of one of three tetrachlorobenzene isomers in corn oil twice per week for 3 weeks. The dose levels for 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene and 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene were 100 mg/kg, and the dose level for 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene was 50 mg/kg. Respective levels of fecal excretion at 48 hours were 38, 36, and 18% of the initial doses. No metabolism occurred for 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene in the squirrel monkey. Fecal metabolites of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene included 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol (2% of dose), 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (14%), 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol (9%), and 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenyl-sulfinic-acid (15%). For animals dosed with either 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene or 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene, the fecal radioactivity demonstrated elimination of at least 50% unchanged compound. Fecal metabolites in monkeys dosed with 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene included 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorophenol (22 %), N-acetyl-S-(2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenyl)cysteine (18%), 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenyl sulfinic acid (3%), 2,3,4-trichlorophenyl-methyl sulfide (0.6%), and 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenyl-methyl sulfide (0.2%). Different metabolic pathways were briefly compared for the squirrel monkey, the rat, and the rabbit. The authors conclude that the tetrachlorobenzenes studied are metabolized differently in different species and that different isomers are metabolized by different pathways.

Tetrachlorophenols are rapidly absorbed and excreted following occupational exposure, which involves both the inhalation and dermal routes. Most of the 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol is excreted unchanged in the urine; trichlorohydroquinone has been identified as one of its metabolites. (L159)

The compounds are readily absorbed from the gastroenteric tract and from parenteral sites of injection. /Chlorophenols/

Chlorophenols ... are readily absorbed from all routes including percutaneous and inhalation. /Chlorophenols/

Used as a fungicide; [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

Tetrachlorophenol has been employed as a fungicide. /Tetrachlorophenol/

Exposure may result from breathing contaminated air, ingesting contaminated water or foods, and skin or eye contact, particularly while treating wood. (L159)