경 그린 SF, 황색ISH

LC50; Species: Oryzias latipes (Medaka) length 2 cm, weight 0.2 g; Conditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C; Concentration: 1000000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

LC50; Species: Oryzias latipes (Medaka) length 2 cm, weight 0.2 g; Conditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C; Concentration: 1000000 ug/L for 48 hr /formulation/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Acid dyes, such as FD&C Green No. 2, typically exhibit very low solubilities in octanol and have water solubilities that exceed 100 g/L. Therefore, these compounds would be expected to remain in the water column in the aquatic environment and show little affinity for organic matter(1) which suggests a potential to leach in soil(SRC). Volatilization of FD&C Green No. 2 from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-36 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). FD&C Green No. 2 is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.97X10-42 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2).

AQUATIC FATE: Acid dyes, such as FD&C Green No. 2, typically exhibit very low solubilities in octanol and have water solubilities that exceed 100 g/L. Therefore, these compounds would be expected to remain in the water column in the aquatic environment and show little affinity for organic matter(1). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(2) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-36 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(3). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.82(5) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), FD&C Green No. 2, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.97X10-42 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase FD&C Green No. 2 may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). FD&C Green No. 2 absorbs light at wavelengths of 630 nm(4), and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Acid dyes, such as FD&C Green No. 2, typically exhibit very low solubilities in octanol and have water solubilities that exceed 100 g/L. Therefore, these compounds would be expected to remain in the water column in the aquatic environment and show little affinity for organic matter(1).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for FD&C Green No. 2(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -2.74(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for FD&C Green No. 2 is estimated as 1.4X10-36 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that FD&C Green No. 2 is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). FD&C Green No. 2's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected occur(SRC). FD&C Green No. 2 is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.97X10-42 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(1).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Following repeated iv injections in rats of 2-4 mg/animal light green SF in saline, sodium, potassium and water excretion were increased. Similar effects were observed in infusion experiments in dogs.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Toxicological testing of food dyes was conducted with experimental rats. Six dyes were injected subcutaneously into rats of both sexes, for a period of 94 to 99 weeks. Previously, a seventh dye had been tested. In general, 1 cc of 2 or 3 percent was injected weekly. After 40-45 weeks, tumors appeared with FD-C-Blue-No-1, FD-C-Green-No-2, and FD-C-Green-No-3. With two rats still alive, subcutaneous fibrosarcomas at the site of injection appeared in 76 percent or more of the animals in each group. Histologically, the tumors were of low to moderate malignancy and did not metastize.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Toxicological testing of food dyes was conducted with experimental rats. ... Green-No-2 fed to rats at 2 percent of the diet for two years caused no tumors. With the remaining four dyes, Green-No-1 (Guinea-Green-B), Red-No-2 (amaranth), Red-No-3 (erythrosine), and Yellow-No-5 (tartrazine), no distant tumors were caused by the injections; except for one with Green-No-1, none appeared at the point of injection. Some of the animals survived, and feeding studies on some of the dyes were continued.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ A group of 63 male and 63 female Ash/CFE rats, weighing about 100 g, were given twice weekly injections of 1 mL of a 2% aqueous solution, buffered to pH 7.0, for different periods (1-112 injections per animal). Ninety-two rats were alive when the first tumors appeared; 29 animals that received more than 28 injections developed injection-site sarcomas after about 47 weeks.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for FD&C Green No. 2 (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 18,350 workers (7,859 of these were female) were potentially exposed to FD&C Green No. 2 sodium in the US(1). Occupational exposure to FD&C Green No. 2 may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where FD&C Green No. 2 is produced or used(SRC).

FD&C Green No. 2's production and use as a dye(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 2.97X10-42 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates FD&C Green No. 2 will exist solely in the particulate phase in the atmosphere. Particulate-phase FD&C Green No. 2 will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. FD&C Green No. 2 absorbs light at wavelengths of 630 nm, and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, acid dyes, such as FD&C Green No. 2, typically have water solubilities that exceed 100 g/L and show little affinity for organic matter which suggests a potential to leach in soil. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-36 atm-cu m/mole. FD&C Green No. 2 is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its estimated vapor pressure. If released into water, acid dyes, such as FD&C Green No. 2 which have high water solubilities, are expected to remain in the water column in the aquatic environment and are not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to FD&C Green No. 2 may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where FD&C Green No. 2 is produced or used. (SRC)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

Certificates issued for the following color additives and all mixtures containing these color additives are canceled and have no effect after October 4, 1966, and use of such color additives in the manufacture of foods, drugs, or cosmetics after that date will result in adulteration: FD&C Green No. 2 is included on this list.