1-니트로피렌

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 1-NITROPYRENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... Clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight. Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1-NITROPYRENE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

0.15 [mg/m3]

1.7 [mg/m3]

7.5 [mg/m3]

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 13,500(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 5.06(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-nitropyrene is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-nitropyrene from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). 1-Nitropyrene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 8.3X10-8 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). Data on the biodegradation of 1-nitropyrene in soil environments are not available. However, in aerobic sediment/water microcosms, 1-nitropyrene was slowly degraded with only 0.24 to 0.76% mineralization reported after 8 weeks(6). The microbial reduction of the nitro group, giving 1-aminopyrene, is expected to occur much more rapidly under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 13,500(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 5.06(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-nitropyrene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 4,100(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). The mineralization of 1-nitropyrene in aerobic sediment/water microcosms is slow with only 0.24 to 0.76% mineralization reported after 8 weeks(7). The microbial reduction of the nitro group, giving 1-aminopyrene, is expected to occur much more rapidly under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-nitropyrene, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 8.3X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase 1-nitropyrene may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). 1-Nitropyrene is susceptible to direct photolysis in the atmosphere although the rate of photolysis is much lower when 1-nitropyrene is adsorbed onto particulates, as would be expected in the air; a half-life of approximately 40 to 50 days was reported for adsorbed 1-nitropyrene exposed to sunlight(3).

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=5522-43-0]

Emission particulates from diesel (1986 model, 1L) and gasoline (1989 model 2L) engines contained 1-nitropyrene at concns of 170 and 0.73 pmol/mg, respectively(1). The emission rate of 1-nitropyrene from a light-duty (2-L displacement) diesel vehicle with new and used(9000 km) engine oil was 10 and 16 mg/km, respectively(2). The mean emission rate of particulate-associated 1-nitropyrene from a heavy-duty diesel vehicle, (Scania 143 H with a turbo-charged Scania DSC 1403 diesel engine, swept volume of 14.19 L), during transient driving conditions, was 1.6 ug/km(4). 1-Nitropyrene is emitted from light duty gasoline fueled vehicles (without exhaust after-treatment) at a rate of 0.08 and 0.8 ug/kg at cruising speeds of 70 and 90 km/hr, respectively; vehicles containing a catalyst had emission rates of 0.01 and 0.5, respectively(5). Exhaust emissions of 1-nitropyrene from a heavy-duty diesel passenger bus and a heavy-duty diesel truck were measured for a commercial, standard diesel fuel and a commercial diesel fuel for city buses. 1-Nitropyrene concns from the passenger bus were 1.1 and 0.2 ug/km, respectively, and 1.8 and 0.4 ug/kg, respectively, for the heavy-duty truck(5). Emissions of 1-nitropyrene from well-tuned radiant and maltuned convective kerosene space heaters were 0.0006 to 0.001 ng/kJ and below detection (detection limit not reported), respectively(3).

1-Nitropyrene has been detected in coal fly-ash and in flue gases of several coal-fired energy conversion plants, in particles emitted from a wood fireplace (at 0.11 mg/kg) and from a coal-fired boiler(1). Waste-water from gasoline service stations contained detectable levels of 1-nitropyrene (detection limit not reported)(1).

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

The Koc of 1-nitropyrene is estimated as 13,500(SRC), using a log Kow of 5.06(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-nitropyrene is expected to be immobile in soil.

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Air samples collected from central Stockholm from December 1986 to August 1987 contained 1-nitropyrene at average concns of 8.6 and 3.8 pg/cu m in central and non-central locations, 20 and 12 pg/cu m in high-diesel and low diesel locations, 14 and 6.8 pg/cu m in high-traffic and low-traffic flow locations, respectively(1). Concns of 1-nitropyrene collected in the day and night were 0.04 and 0.03 ng/cu m, respectively, during a high NOx smog episode in Torrance, CA (Feb 1986)(2). 1-Nitropyrene was measured in air samples from St. Louis, MO, Washington, DC, Aurskog, Norway, Claremont, CA, and Torrance, CA at concns of 0.16, 0.20, 0.15, 0.36, and 0.60 ug/g particles, respectively(3). Air samples collected from Barcelona city in 1989 contained 1-nitropyrene at 42, 20, 25, and 15 pg/cu m for samples obtained in the spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively(4). Air samples collected from downtown Kanazawa, Japan contained 1-nitropyrene at mean concns of 598, 476, 932, 871 fmol/cu m in spring, summer, autumn, and winter samples, respectively(5). Maximum and minimum concns of 1-nitropyrene from this location were 4650 (measured from 9 to 11 AM) and 90 (measured from 3 to 5 AM) fmol/cu m, respectively(5). Concns of 1-nitropyrene in air samples collected from Morioka City, Japan, were 0.89 (Oct. 1991), 1.15 (Dec. 1991), and 1.01 (Feb. 1992) ug/g(7). Urban air particulates collected roadside in Leeds, England contained 1-nitropyrene at concns of 50 to 100 pg/cu m(6).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Mean concns of 1-nitropyrene in air samples collected in Augusta city, Italy in spring, summer, autumn, and winter in 1991/1992 were 3.89, 0.27, 4.2, and 7.92 ng/cu m, respectively(1). 1-Nitropyrene was measured in air samples collected in downtown Athens, Greece, in 1996 at concns of 0.18, 0.02, 0.02, and 0.03 ng/cu m in the winter, spring, summer, and autumn, respectively(2). Air samples from Riverside, CA collected in September 1984, contained 1-nitropyrene at concns from 0.008 to 0.03 ng/cu m(3). 1-Nitropyrene was detected in air samples collected from Deer Park, TX at average concns of 20.2 and 3.94 pg/cu m, sampled on Sept 30, 1990 and Oct 14, 1990, respectively(4). In summer, fall, winter, and spring, average concns of 6.3, 11, 11, and 9.7 pg/cu m were reported for 1-nitropyrene at the Deer Park, TX location, respectively(4). Twenty-four hour samples collected from the Airborne Toxic Elements and Organic Substances (ATEOS), Newark, NJ site from January 1985 to February 1986 contained 1-nitropyrene at concns ranging from below detection (detection limit not reported) to 4600 pg/cu m(5).

INDOOR: Mean indoor air concns of 1-nitropyrene were 0.04 and 0.004 ng/cu m for homes with gas heating/appliances (n=8) versus electric heating/appliances (n=2), respectively(1). Indoor air for two homes with only electric heat and electric appliances (Columbus, OH; sampled March 1987) contained 1-nitropyrene at concns of 0.019 to 0.83 ng/cu m(2).

RURAL/REMOTE: The mean concns of 1-nitropyrene in air samples collected in 1982 from a remote, marine site in Bermuda with different wind trajectories ranged from 7.9 to 76 pg/cu m(1). Air samples from a site in Delaware close to the Cape Henlopen State Park were collected in August 1982; a mean concn of 10.6 pg/cu m was reported(1). Airborne particulate samples collected from a rural location 30 km west of Copenhagen, Denmark in 1982 contained 1-nitropyrene at a mean concn of 0.009 ng/cu m (n=30)(2).

1-Nitropyrene's production and use as a research chemical(1) may result in limited release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). 1-Nitropyrene is predominantly released to the environment as a combustion product from stationary combustion sources and in vehicle exhausts(2).

Mineralization of 1-nitropyrene in aerobic sediment/water microcosms was slow; only 0.24, 0.61, and 0.76% mineralization was reported after 8 weeks incubation in microcosms constructed with sediment and water collected from an oil-contaminated drainage pond, a saltwater pool, and from Redfish Bay, respectively, sites proximal to the Harbor Island oil tank farm near Port Aransas, TX(1). Under anaerobic conditions, no carbon dioxide was evolved from any of the microcosms over an 8-week period; however, 1-aminopyrene was reported as a metabolite in this experiment(1).

Found in particulates in emissions from combustion, e.g., diesel exhausts; Used as a research chemical and produced by one company as an intermediate for 1-azidopyrene, used in photosenistive printing; [NTP]

Research chemical

One Japanese company has been reported to use 1-nitropyrene as an intermediate in the production of 1-azidopyrene, which is used in photosensitive printing.

Pyrene, 1-nitro-: ACTIVE

No evidence was found that 1-nitropyrene has been produced in commercial quantities in the USA. One US company is reported to have processed an unspecified amount of 1-nitropyrene in 1977.