DMDM 하이단토인

Keep container closed. Store in a dry place. Do not store at elevated temperatures. Keep from freezing. Do not reuse empty container. /Dantogard XL-1000/

Safe Storage of Pesticides. Always store pesticides in their original containers, complete with labels that list ingredients, directions for use, and first aid steps in case of accidental poisoning. Never store pesticides in cabinets with or near food, animal feed, or medical supplies. Do not store pesticides in places where flooding is possible or in places where they might spill or leak into wells, drains, ground water, or surface water.

If a spill occurs, clean it up promptly. Don't wash it away. Instead, sprinkle the spill with sawdust, vermiculite, or kitty litter. Sweep it into a plastic garbage bag, and dispose of it as directed on the pesticide product label.

After Applying a Pesticide, Indoors or Outdoors. To remove pesticide residues, use a bucket to rinse tools or equipment three times, including any containers or utensils that you used when mixing the pesticide. Then pour the rinsewater into the pesticide sprayer and reuse the solution by applying it according to the pesticide product label directions. After applying any pesticide wash your hands and any other parts of your body that may have come in contact with the pesticide. To prevent tracking pesticides inside, remove or rinse your boots or shoes before entering your home. Wash any clothes that have been exposed to a lot of pesticide separately from your regular wash.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit and the permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to discharge. Do not discharge effluent containing this product to sewer systems without previously notifying the local sewage treatment plant authority...Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit and the permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to discharge. Do not discharge effluent containing this product to sewer systems without previously notifying the local sewage treatment plant authority.../Dantogard XL-1000/

Safe Disposal of Pesticides. The best way to dispose of small amounts of excess pesticides is to use them - apply them - according to the directions on the label. If you cannot use them, ask your neighbors whether they have a similar pest control problem and can use them. If all of the remaining pesticide cannot be properly used, check with your local solid waste management authority, environmental agency, or health department to find out whether your community has a household hazardous waste collection program or a similar program for getting rid of unwanted, leftover pesticides. These authorities can also inform you of any local requirements for pesticide waste disposal.

Safe Disposal of Pesticides. An empty pesticide container can be as hazardous as a full one because of residues left inside. Never reuse such a container. When empty, a pesticide container should be rinsed carefully three times and the rinsewater thoroughly drained back onto the sprayer or the container previously used to mix the pesticide. Use the rinsewater as a pesticide, following label directions. Replace the cap or closure securely. Dispose of the container according to label instructions. Do not puncture or burn a pressurized container like an aerosol - it could explode. Do cut or puncture other empty pesticide containers made of metal or plastic to prevent someone from reusing them. Wrap the empty container and put it in the trash after you have rinsed it.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Wear the items of protective clothing the label requires: for example, non-absorbent gloves (not leather or fabric), rubber footwear (not canvas or leather), a hat, goggles, or a dust-mist filter. If no specific clothing is listed, gloves, long-sleeved shirts and long pants, and closed shoes are recommended. You can buy protective clothing and equipment at hardware stores or building supply stores.

Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash contaminated clothing before reuse. /Dantogard XL-1000/

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Corrosive. Causes irreversible eye damage. Harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Do not get in eyes or on skin or on clothing. Wear goggles or face shield and chemical resistant gloves when handling. /Dantogard XL-1000/

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) age 10-15 days; diet >5000 ppm for 8 days

LD50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) oral >1470 mg/kg

LC50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern bobwhite) diet >5000 ppm for 8 days

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea) age <24 hr; Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: 37 ppm for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 27-51 ppm); Effect: intoxication, immobilization /55% purity/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 1,3-DIMETHYLOL-5,5-DIMETHYLHYDANTOIN (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a measured Koc value of <17.8(2) indicates that 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.9X10-14 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-8 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 7.73X10+5 mg/L(3). 1,3-Dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure(SRC). 1,3-Dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin was found to be readily biodegradable using OECD Guideline 301 A (Ready Biodegradability: DOC Die Away Test) with 75% degradation in 10 days and 95% degradation in 28 days(2). 1,3-Dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin is susceptible to aqueous hydrolysis with half-lives of <1 day at pH 7 and pH 9(2); no hydrolysis occurs at pH 4(2). This suggests that abiotic hydrolysis may be an important fate process in neutral or alkaline soils(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a measured Koc value of <17.8(2), indicates that 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.9X10-14 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-8 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 7.73X10+5 mg/L(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from a log Kow of -2.9(3) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 1,3-Dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin was found to be readily biodegradable using OECD Guideline 301 A (Ready Biodegradability: DOC Die Away Test) with 75% degradation in 10 days and 95% degradation in 28 days(3). Aqueous hydrolysis tests conducted pH 4, pH 7 and pH 9, determined respective hydrolysis half-lives of >1 year, <1 day and < 1 day at 25 °C(3) suggesting that hydrolysis is an important fate process in neutral and alkaline waters(SRC). 5,5-Dimethylhydantoin and formaldehyde were identified as the hydrolysis products(3).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, which has a vapor pressure of 9X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 13 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Based on direct photolysis tests with 5,5-dimethylhydantoin(2), 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: DMDM hydantoin is a cosmetic preservative. It is described as being a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, effective against fungi, yeast, and gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: DMDM Hydantoin is a formaldehyde releaser, which means that the substance can release a formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is classified as carcinogenic and allergenic. A 1-year study was conducted to examine the frequency of sensitization to a series of 13 common preservatives. A group of 2,295 consecutive outpatients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis was tested in this study. The rates of positive reactions to the preservatives studied are as follows: formaldehyde 5.7%, and DMDM hydantoin 1.7%. DMDH hydantoin also causes irreversible eye damage. ANIMAL STUDIES: From the dermal study in rabbits it was concluded that the test material was practically nonirritating to the skins of rabbits receiving the 0.008 g/kg dose and mildly to moderately irritating to those receiving the 0.8 g/kg dose. In a developmental study a 55% DMDM Hydantoin solution was administered orally via gavage to rabbits. Only one test substance-related death was reported. There were no significant differences between control (positive and negative) and experimental groups concerning the incidence of necropsy findings. The results of external and skeletal fetal examinations were not significantly different between negative control and experimental groups. The test substance did not induce strand breaks or cross-links in rat testicular DNA after oral administration to rats. A 55% DMDM Hydantoin solution was tested in the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome preincubation mutagenicity assay using the following strains of S. typhimurium with and without metabolic activation: TA-98, TA-100, TA-1535, TA-1537, and TA-1538. A positive response (3.2 fold increase in average number of revertants) was noted for strain TA-98, without metabolic activation; with metabolic activation, a 1.9-fold increase was noted. Additionally, increases of 2.2-fold and 1.7-fold were noted for strain TA-100 with and without activation, respectively. A 55% DMDM Hydantoin solution was tested in the L5178Y TK+/- mouse lymphoma assay, with and without metabolic activation. Under the conditions of testing, the test substance caused a significant dose-dependent increase in the mutant frequency of cultures treated in both the presence and absence of metabolic activation.

DMDM hydantoin is a formaldehyde releaser. It is likely that formaldehyde toxicity occurs when intracellular levels saturate formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity, allowing the unmetabolized intact molecule to exert its effects. Formaldehyde is known to form cross links between protein and DNA and undergo metabolic incorporation into macromolecules (DNA, RNA, and proteins). (L962, L1896)

Using OECD Guideline 121 (Estimation of the Adsorption Coefficient (Koc) on Soil and on Sewage Sludge using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)), the Koc of 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin was determined to be <17.8(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ From April 2001 to December 2002, a group of 514 patients (178 men, 336 women, average age 42.8 years) suffering from chronic eczema were tested by means of epicutaneous tests for contact hypersensitivity to selected auxiliary substances of dermatological external and cosmetic preparations. In 194 patients, the principal diagnosis was atopic eczema. Of the preservatives, the most frequently sensitizing agents were thiomersal in 13.6%, phenylmercuric acetate in 7.8%, formaldehyde in 5.6%, bronopol in 5.1%, chlorohexidine in 3.3%, dibromodicyanobutane/phenoxyethanol in 2.9%, chloroacetamide in 2.1%, Kathon CG and parabenes in 1.9%, imidazolidinyl urea and diazolidinyl urea in 1.4%, glutaraldehyde in 1.2%, DMDM-hydantoin in 1.0%, dichlorophen in 0.8%, sorbic acid, phenoxyethanol and triclosan in 0.6%, benzalkonium chloride, Quaternium-15 and chlorocresol in 0.4% and chloroquinaldol in 0.2% of the group of patients. Of antioxidizing agents, it was dodecyl gallate in 2.3%, butylhydroxyanisol in 1.2%, propyl gallate in 0.6%, butylhydroxytoluen in 0.4% of the group of patients and of emulsifiers, alcohols lanae in 5.1%, triethanolamine in 1.6% and propylene glycol in 0.4% of the group of patients.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... 35 formaldehyde-allergic patients were patch tested with serial dilutions of formaldehyde (0.1%-0.3%-1.0% aq.) and DM hydantoin (the non-formaldehyde-containing parent compound of DMDM hydantoin). 21 were also patch tested with MDM hydantoin (1 molecule formaldehyde) in serial dilutions: 7 (33%) reacted to 1 or more concentrations. The other 14 were also tested with DMDM hydantoin (2 molecules formaldehyde) in serial dilutions: 8 (57%) reacted to 1 or more concentrations. Patients patch-test-positive to formaldehyde 0.1% and/or 0.3% tended to show more patch test reactivity to DMDM hydantoin than those who reacted only to 1%. Aqueous solutions of DMDM hydantoin in concentrations as used in cosmetic products therefore contain enough free formaldehyde to cause dermatitis in a patch test system in some formaldehyde-allergic patients: 12 such patients applied a cream containing 1% DMDM hydantoin to the flexor aspect of the lower arm twice daily for 1 week; 4 (33%) developed dermatitis. The use of a cream containing 0.25% DMDM hydantoin in these 4 patients still caused dermatitis in 1 and provoked itching in another.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Results of patch testing with standard screening allergens (32 chemicals) in 1199 patients, 19 vehicle and preservative allergens in 707 patients, and 10 special studies allergens in 613 patients by 10 dermatologists of the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) over a 4 month period are presented. The most common standard allergens were, in order of frequency, nickel, p-phenylenediamine, quaternium-15, neomycin, thimerosal, formaldehyde, cinnamic aldehyde, ethylenediamine, chromate, and thiuram mix. The most common vehicle and preservative allergens were ammoniated mercury, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (Bronopol), diazolidinyl urea, captan, chloxylenol, and DMDM hydantoin. There were few (7/661, 1.06%) paraben mix reactions in spite of the attention they have received as potential sensitizers.

1,3-Dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin's production and use as an antimicrobial in adhesives, air fresheners, caulking compounds, clay slurries, cleansers, coatings, dispersed colors, resin emulsions, fabric softeners, hydraulic fluids, inks, latex, liquid detergents, metal working cutting fluids, paints (emulsion, latex, water-based), paper/paperboard coatings, polishes, polymers (synthetic), powdered detergents, sealants, carpet shampoos, soap, stains (preservative incorporation), starch solutions, textiles, and wax(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use in numerous household products, such as antibacterial hand soaps, shampoos, moisturizing creams, body washes, conditioners, hair care products(2) and its use as an inert ingredient in pesticide formulations(3) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

AEROBIC: Using OECD Guideline 301 A (new version) (Ready Biodegradability: DOC Die Away Test), 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin was found to be readily biodegradable in activated sludge with 75% degradation in 10 days and 95% degradation in 28 days(1). The degradation product of 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, was found to be readily biodegradable via OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test) with 87% CO2 evolution within 28 days of incubation and >60% degradation in 10 days(1). 5,5-Dimethylhydantoin was steadily biodegraded using OECD Guideline 308 (Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformation in Aquatic Sediment Systems) with half-lives of 13-24 days(1).

New Active Ingredients ... includes pesticide active ingredients initially registered after November 1, 1984, that currently have active product registrations. By law, these newer pesticides are not subject to the reregistration program. They must, however, meet the new safety standard of the FQPA, and will be reviewed on a 15-year cycle under the registration review program. ... Active Ingredient Number: 115501; Type of Pesticide: antimicrobial, fungicide; Use Site: non-food use, household, commercial, industrial use; Year: 1987.