C.I. 산성 레드 114

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing dust. Ensure adequate ventilation. Do not let product enter drains. Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. You should then dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% methanol, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with methanol to pick up any remaining material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent-wash contaminated surfaces with 60-70% methanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for C.I. Acid Red 114 (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... Clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for C.I. Acid Red 114 (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Handle with gloves. Safety glasses. Choose body protection according to the amount and concentration of the dangerous substance at the work place.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Due to its ability to bind to surfaces, particularly to clay, by ion-exchange processes(1), and mineral surfaces such as goethite(2), C.I. Acid Red 114 is expected to absorb strongly to soils(SRC). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the acid exists as an ion and ions do not volatilize. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 1% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(3) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process under aerobic conditions. C.I. Acid Red 114 degraded 33-90% after 42 days in anaerobic sludge(4). These data indicate that anaerobic biodegradation may be an important fate process; however, the anaerobic reduction product, 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine, is classified as an A2 carcinogen(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Due to its ability to bind to surfaces, particularly to clay, by ion-exchange processes(1), and mineral surfaces such as goethite(2), C.I. Acid Red 114 is expected to absorb to aquatic soils and sediments(SRC). C.I. Acid Red 114 will exist almost entirely in ionic form at pH values of 5 to 9(3) and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(4), measured BCF ranges of 42-76 and 52-84(5) suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 1% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(5) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process under aerobic conditions. C.I. Acid Red 114 degraded 33-90% after 42 days in anaerobic sludge(6). These data indicate that anaerobic biodegradation may be an important fate process; however, the anaerobic reduction product, 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine, is classified as an A2 carcinogen(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: C.I. Acid Red 114 is an ionic compound that will be essentially non-volatile in the environment(1,2). Therefore it is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Particulate-phase C.I. Acid Red 114 may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). C.I. Acid Red 114 absorbs light at 365 nm and 514 nm(3) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=6459-94-5]

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Due to its ionic nature, the retention of C.I. Acid Red 114 by ion-exchange processes(1), particularly on clay surfaces and adsorption at mineral surfaces such as geothite(2), indicates that it will be immobile in soil(SRC). It was noted during a biodegradation experiment that C.I. Acid Red 114 tended to adsorb onto sludge(3).

The mutagenicity of acid red 114 was evaluated in Salmonella tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538, both in the presence and absence of added metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction. Acid red 114 was tested at concentrations of 20, 100, 500, 2500 and 5000 ug/plate. No mutagenicity was observed without added metabolic activation or in tester strains TA1535 and TA1537 with activation. Acid red 114 caused a positive response at 250 ug/plate (TA98) and 500-1000 ug/plate (TA1538) with activation. Inconsistent results were obtained in tester strain TA100.

C. I. acid red 114 was examined for mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98 and E. coli WP2uvrA. The test article was administered to cells at concentrations ranging from 4 to 10,000 ug/plate both with and without metabolic activation provided by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction. A small reproducible mutagenic effect was observed in TA1538 in activated and non-activated assays; the effect was dose dependent between 100 and 2500 ug/plate in activated assays. Small reproducible increases in the number of revertant colonies (up to 2.1 fold) were also observed in TA98 both with and without activation. Doses up to 10,000 ug/plate were reported to be non-toxic in a preliminary toxicity test.

C.I. acid red 114, disodium salt (CAS # 6459-94-5) was evaluated for subchronic oral toxicity and carcinogenicity. The test substance was administered in the drinking water of male and female F344/N rats (number not reported) for 13-days (doses of 0, 10,000, 20,000, and 30,000 ppm); 13-weeks (doses of 0, 600, 1200, 2500, 5000, 10,000 ppm); and 9 or 15 months, or 2 years [doses of 0, 70 (males only), 150, 300, and 600 (females only) ppm]. It was concluded that there was evidence of carcinogenic activity. No further information was submitted

C.I. acid red 114, disodium salt (CAS # 6459-94-5) was evaluated for carcinogenicity. The test substance was administered in the drinking water of male and female F344/N rats (number not reported) for 13-days (doses of 0, 10,000, 20,000, and 30,000 ppm); 13-weeks (doses of 0, 600, 1200, 2500, 5000, 10,000 ppm); and 9 or 15 months, or 2 years [doses of 0, 70 (males only), 150, 300, and 600 (females only) ppm]. It was concluded that there was evidence of carcinogenic activity. No further information was submitted

For more TSCA Test Submissions (Complete) data for C.I. Acid Red 114 (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

AEROBIC: C.I. Acid Red 114, present at 100 mg/L, reached 1% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1).

ANAEROBIC: Several laboratories studying the anaerobic degradation of C.I. Acid Red 114 obtained results of 33-90% degradation within 42 days using a sludge inoculum; some loss may be due to adsorption onto the sludge(1). C.I. Acid Red 114, present at 100 mg/L, was completely degraded within 7 days using an anaerobic sludge inoculum incubated at 35 °C. The main metabolites were 3,3'-dimethylbbenzidene and 4-methylbenzenesulphonic acid-(4'-aminophenyl) ester; 3,3'-dimethylbenzidene is classified as an A2 carcinogen(2).

CI Acid Red 114

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 57: (1993) Occupational Exposures of Hairdressers and Barbers and Personal Use of Hair Colourants; Some Hair Dyes, Cosmetic Colourants, Industrial Dyestuffs and Aromatic Amines

1993

1992

C.I. Acid Red 114

Carp exposed to 0.2 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L of C.I. Acid Red 114 over an 8 week period had measured BCF values of 42-76 and 52-84, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine-based dyes that are metabolized to 3,3'- dimethoxybenzidine are reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens based on the fact that 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine is carcinogenic in male and female rats and that metabolism of 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine-based dyes to release free 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine is a generalized phenomenon that occurs in all animal species studied. Furthermore, a representative 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine-based dye, C.I. direct blue 15, is carcinogenic in male and female rats. The pattern of tumors observed with 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine and C.I. direct blue 15 is similar to that observed with the structurally similar chemical 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine and the 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine-based dye C.I. acid red 114. Each of these four chemicals induces tumors of the skin, Zymbal gland, liver, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, preputial gland of male rats, and clitoral gland of female rats. /3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine-based dyes/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Retrospective characterization of morphological and stereological features of altered hepatocellular foci in hematoxylin & eosin stained sections was performed on 6 conventional 2 yr carcinogenicity studies conducted in Fischer 344 (F344) rats by the National Toxicology Program. In 3 of these studies where there was clear evidence of hepatocarcinogenicity [l-amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone, CI Acid Red 114, methyl carbamate], there was greater morphological variability in altered hepatocellular foci than in the studies of chemicals that were not hepatocarcinogenic [4-hydroxyacetanilide, epinephrine, dimethoxane]. In addition to having the expected types of altered hepatocellular foci, rats treated with 1-amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone, CI Acid Red 114, and methyl carbamate had atypical basophilic altered hepatocellular foci.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Neoplasms of preputial gland and skin were obtained from Fischer 344 male rats on lifetime drinking water studies of the benzidine congener 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine, CI Direct Blue 15 or CI Acid Red 114, bisazobiphenyl dyes derived from 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine and 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine. Portions of these well differentiated neoplasms were implanted into the left mammary fat pad of Fischer 344 male recipients. The rate of growth, presence of local invasion and distant metastases, and morphologic features were observed following 4 serial transplantations. All implants appeared early, grew rapidly, and were histomorphologically similar to the original neoplasms. Metastases from transplants were observed with both preputial gland and skin tumor lines in serial passages. The transplantation results confirm the malignant nature of these neoplasms.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies were conducted by administering desalted, industrial grade C.I. Acid Red 114 in drinking water to groups of F344/N rats of each sex for 9 or 15 months. ... Male rats received doses of 0, 70, 150, or 300 ppm of C.I. Acid Red 114, and female rats received 0, 150, 300, or 600 ppm. ... Ten animals were evaluated from the control and high-dose groups at 9 months, and ten animals from all dose groups were evaluated at 15 months. The average amount of compound consumed per day was 4, 8, or 20 mg/kg for males and 9, 20, or 70 mg/kg for females. At 9 and 15 months, a few neoplasms were seen in the liver, lung, clitoral gland, skin, Zymbal's gland, oral cavity epithelium, and small and large intestine, and the number of neoplasms at these sites increased as the studies progressed.