Pentobarbital Sodium

Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Barbiturates; Hypnotics and Sedatives; GABA Modulators

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

Danger

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P203, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P308+P316, P318, P321, P330, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 77 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Hazard Traits - Developmental Toxicity

Pentobarbitone sodium: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Treatment of overdosage is mainly supportive and consists of maintaining an adequate airway, with assisted respiration and oxygen administration as necessary, monitoring of vital signs and fluid balance, and fluid therapy and other standard treatment for shock, if needed. If renal function is normal, forced diuresis may aid in the elimination of the barbiturate. Alkalinization of the urine increases renal excretion of some barbiturates, especially phenobarbital, also aprobarbital and mephobarbital (which is metabolized to phenobarbital). Although not recommended as a routine procedure, hemodialysis may be used in severe barbiturate intoxications or if the patient is anuric or in shock. The patient should be rolled from side to side every 30 minutes and antibiotics should be given if pneumonia is suspected. Appropriate nursing care to prevent hypostatic pneumonia, decubiti, aspiration, and other complications of patients with altered states of consciousness. (L1712)

Pentobarbital binds at a distinct binding site associated with a Cl- ionopore at the GABAA receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl- ionopore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged. All of these effects are associated with marked decreases in GABA-sensitive neuronal calcium conductance (gCa). The net result of barbiturate action is acute potentiation of inhibitory GABAergic tone. Barbiturates also act through potent (if less well characterized) and direct inhibition of excitatory AMPA-type glutamate receptors, resulting in a profound suppression of glutamatergic neurotransmission.

Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)

Pentobarbital sodium

Ambiguous-DILI-concern

3

Warnings & precautions

DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015

By hepatic microsomal enzyme system. Route of Elimination: Barbiturates are metabolized primarily by the hepatic microsomal enzyme system, and the metabolic products are excreted in the urine, and less commonly, in the feces. Approximately 25 to 50 percent of a dose of aprobarbital or phenobarbital is eliminated unchanged in the urine, whereas the amount of other barbiturates excreted unchanged in the urine is negligible. Half Life: 5 to 50 hours (dose dependent)

Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve delivery, or decrease required dosage.

Drugs used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.

Substances that do not act as agonists or antagonists but do affect the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor-ionophore complex. GABA-A receptors (RECEPTORS, GABA-A) appear to have at least three allosteric sites at which modulators act: a site at which BENZODIAZEPINES act by increasing the opening frequency of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride channels; a site at which BARBITURATES act to prolong the duration of channel opening; and a site at which some steroids may act. GENERAL ANESTHETICS probably act at least partly by potentiating GABAergic responses, but they are not included here.