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수은
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식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 7439-97-6 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | Hg |
| 평균 분자량 | 200.59 g/mol |
| 단동위원소 질량 | 201.970643 g/mol |
| SMILES | [Hg] |
| InChIKey | QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 23931 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:16170 |
| EC No. | 231-106-7 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID1024172 |
| 현지명 | 수은 |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| 극성 표면적 | 0 |
|---|---|
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 0 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 0 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 0 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 1 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 0 |
| 물질 분류 | Metals -> Elements, MetallicCorrosives-> NIOSH Emergency Response CategoriesTrace element |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | thermal expansion coefficient |
| 농약 | Pesticide -> EPA IRIS |
| 냄새 | Odorless냄새 없는 |
| 밀도 | 13.55 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink13.534 @ 25 °C13.5 g/cm³Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.00913.6 (metal)13.54 |
| Viscosity | 1.55 mPa.sec (15.5 millipoise) at 20 °C |
| Color/Form | Silver-white, heavy, mobile, liquid metalsolid mercury is tin-whiteMetal: silver-white, heavy liquid. |
| 용해도 | Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)0.28 umoles/l of water at 25 °CSOL IN NITRIC ACIDINSOL IN THE FOLLOWING: DILUTE HYDROCHLORIC ACID, HYDROGEN BROMIDE, HYDROGEN IODIDE, COLD SULFURIC ACIDDISSOLVES TO SOME EXTENT IN LIPIDS2.7 MG/L IN PENTANESolubility in water: noneH2O: 용해성 |
| Corrosivity | The high mobility and tendency to dispersion exhibited by mercury, and the ease with which it forms alloys (amalga) with many laboratory and electrical contact metals, can cause severe corrosion problems in laboratories.Special precautions: Mercury can attack copper and copper alloy materials. |
| 끓는 점 | 675 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)356.73 °C357 °C266 °F674 °F356.6 °C(lit.) |
| 녹는점 | -38 °F (USCG, 1999)-38.87 °C-39 °C-38.9 °C |
| 증기 밀도 | Relative vapor density (air = 1): 6.937 (vs air) |
| 증기압 | <0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| 저장 조건 | Poison room |
| 물리적 상태 | 삼중 증류액 |
| 비중 | 13.5 (20/4℃) |
| 색상 | Silver |
| Flame Color | Red |
| 용해도 | H2O에서는 20~30μg/L끓는 물에 용해됨 H2SO4, HNO3 [KIR81] [HAW93] |
| 비열 | Cp(liquid): 0.14 J/(g·K)Cp(gas): 0.1 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 13,5925 |
| 헨리 상수 | 1.3×10-3 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Burkholder et al. (2019) |
| 유전율 | 1.0(148℃) |
| 안정성 | 안정적인. 강산, 티오황산나트륨, 수산화암모늄과 호환되지 않습니다. |
| InChI | 1S/Hg |
| InChIKey | QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | [Hg] |
| 표면장력 | 425.41mN/m at 20°C |
| EPA | Mercury (7439-97-6) |
화학적 성질
Mercury is a silvery, mobile, odorless, extremely heavy liquid , sometimes found native. Insoluble in hydrochloric acid; soluble in sulfuric acid upon boiling; readily soluble in nitric acid; insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether; soluble in lipids; extremely high surface tension.
안전 및 규제
| GHS 분류 | DangerH330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]P203, P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P304+P340, P316, P318, P319, P320, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H290 (18.2%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]P203, P234, P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P304+P340, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P390, P391, P403+P233, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| 규제 정보 | Chemical: MercuryMercury is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Mercury are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)S - indicates a substance that is identified in a final Significant New Use Rule.Status: Active Update: 20-11-2010 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/5169Restricted substance: MercuryMercury: HSNO Approval: HSR003014 Approved with controls |
| 기타 안전 정보 | IMAP assessments - Mercury: Human health tier II assessment- Indoor Air: Mercury can be released into indoor air as a liquid spray (aerosol) or as a vapor. |
| 운송 라벨(DOT) | Corrosive Poison |
| 화재 위험 | Behavior in Fire: Not flammable (USCG, 1999)· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may react upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion. |
| 건강 유해성 | No immediate symptoms. As poisoning becomes established, slight muscular tremor, loss of appetite, nausea, and diarrhea are observed. Psychic, kidney, and cardiovascular disturbances may occur. (USCG, 1999)· Inhalation of vapors or contact with substance will result in contamination and potential harmful effects. |
| 유해성 요약 | Mercurycombines with other elements, such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen, to form inorganic mercury compounds or "salts", which are usually white powders or crystals. Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. The most common one, methylmercury, is produced mainly by microscopic organisms in the water and soil. More mercury in the environment can increase the amounts of methylmercury that these small organisms make.Metallic Mercuryis a dense liquid that vaporizes easily at room temperature. Metallic mercury is not easily absorbed into unbroken skin. However, it vaporizes, even at room temperature. The higher the temperature, the more vapors are released. Mercury vapors are colorless and odorless, though they can be seen with the aid of an ultraviolet light.Metallic mercury is used to produce chlorine gas and caustic soda, and is also used in thermometers, dental fillings, and batteries. Mercury salts are sometimes used in skin lightening creams and as antiseptic creams and ointments.Elemental liquid mercury is poorly absorbed from the GI tract, and it is considered nontoxic by ingestion in patients with normal GI anatomy and motility. Elemental mercury vapor is toxic predominantly to the lung and central nervous system. Pneumonitis can result from exposure to high concentrations of heated mercury vapor in a confined space. Otherwise, inhalation of mercury vapor is toxic over a period of months or years when air levels exceed 0.05-0.2 mg/m3. The main adverse effects after chronic exposure to mercury vapor are neuropsychiatric and include tremor, memory loss, insomnia, anorexia, irritability, and other mood changes. Kidney disease and peripheral neuropathy have been rarely reported after chronic exposure to mercury vapor. Acrodynia is a rare idiosyncratic disorder reported in children after mercury vapor exposure. [Olson, p. 305-7] Data is limited on the fetal effects of mercury in forms other than methyl mercury. Experimental animals exposed to high doses of mercury vapor and salts have increased developmental abnormalities. [ATSDR Case Studies #29] Mercury may produce slight hepatic injury in experimental animals. [Zimmerman, p. 419] Background levels of mercury are generally <10 ug/L for whole blood and <20 ug/L for urine. Regarding dental amalgams as a source of mercury vapor, occupational exposures can be controlled and personal exposures from fillings are insignificant. [Goldfrank, p. 1302, 1304] Exposure to metallic mercury, for example from amalgam teeth fillings and other dental exposure, may give rise to sensitization. [Nordberg, p. 1041] See Mercury, inorganic compounds. |
| 운송 번호 및 가이드(DOT) | 2809 1722809 172(metal) |
| 반응성 그룹 | Metals, Less Reactive |
| EC 분류 | H330H372H400H410H360D |
| UN 분류 | UN Hazard Class: 8UN Subsidiary Risks: 6.1UN Pack Group: III |
| Explosion Hazards | - A violent heat-producing (exothermic) reaction, possibly an explosion, occurs when mercury comes in contact with chlorine dioxide, lithium, rubidium, halogens, or acetylide. |
| Special Reports | USEPA/Office of Emergency and Remedial ResponseTask Force on Ritualistic Uses of Mercury Report (December 2002) EPA/540-R-01-005 |
| 소화 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 172 [Gallium and Mercury]:In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.- Mercury is non-combustible. |
| 응급 조치 | Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Refer for medical attention . |
| 누출 비상 조치 | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Do not touch or walk through spilled material. |
| 응급 처치 | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Mercury compounds [except (organo) alkyls] (as Hg):General First Aid:(General first aid procedures) |
| 안전 보관 | Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. |
| 노출 관리 및 개인 보호 | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Mercury in urine = 20 ug/g creatininesample prior to shiftIndicate average exposure during the past monthBEI for blood mercury withdrawn: may reflect recent exposure, but also affected by dietary exposure to methyl mercury in fish[TLVs and BEIs]0.02 [mg/m3], as Hg, inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)] |
| 보관 조건 | Storage temperature: AmbientVenting: Open |
| 정리 방법 | The following treatment processes have shown possible applicability for spill countermeasures: clarification/sedimentation >99% removalclarification/ sedimentation with chemical addition: (alum) >62% removal, (alum, polymer) 88% removal, (lime) >96% removal, (BaCl2) 87% removal, and (polymer) 99% removal.In mining and primary metal recovery operations, it has been a standard practice to liberally dust mercury spills with flowers (microcrystalline) of sulfur or preferably calcium polysulfide, to encourage the formation of a surface coating of mercuric sulfide which would reduce the rate of Hg vapor loss during the period of cleanup.The chloralkali industry has long relied upon wet operation, that is maintaining a water flow over the concrete floors underlying the electrolytic mercury (Hg) cells to reduce Hg vapor loss in this way. Sumps in the underfloor drainage systems were used to collect Hg from spills which were flushed into them, but the design of these was not highly effective. To reduce Hg losses via this route, water use for this purpose is now kept to a minimum necessity and the sump discharge is either fed into the brine circuit or treated for Hg removal prior to discharge.A small aspirator-driven vacuum trap with a "mercury sweeper", an amalgamated copper roller operating in a small, tin-plate "dustpan" or "mercury scoop" is effective. This can be followed, if necessary, (and with an appropriate choice, for the surface on which the spill took place) by washes with dilute nitric acid (approx 1 M), concentrated sulfuric acid, or bleach washes, and then by clear water rinses.For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for MERCURY, ELEMENTAL (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 비화재 누출 대응 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 172 [Gallium and Mercury]: |
| 처리 방법 | Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D009, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U151, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.Mercury is a poor candidate for incineration.Mercury (Hg) bearing brine purification muds from Hg cell process in chlorine production or Hg bearing wastewater treatment sludges from the production of Hg sulfide pigment is a poor candidate for incineration.Chemical Treatability of MercuryConcentration Process: Activated carbonChemical Classification: MetalsScale of Study: Literature reviewType of Wastewater Used: UnknownResults of Study: 80% reduction by PAC and Alum coagulation. |
| 누출 처리 | Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit and filter respirator for mercury adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable non-metallic containers as far as possible. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| Preventive Measures | If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. /Mercury compound, liquid, NOS/Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ... If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Mercury compound, solid, NOS/Personnel protection: Keep upwind. Avoid breathing vapors. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. /Mercury compounds, liquid, NOS/Preventative measure: adequate ventilationcareful attention to good housekeeping, e.g., avoidance of spills, and prompt and proper cleaning if a spill occursall containers of mercury and its compounds should be kept tightly closedshould be washed on a regular basis with dilute calcium sulfide solution or other suitable reactantfloors should be nonporousall workers directly involved in the plant operation should shower thoroughly each day before leaving. /Mercury compounds/ |
| 독성학 정보 | CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile |
| 상호 작용 | IT HAS BEEN FOUND ... THAT ETHANOL DEPRESSES CONVERSION OF INHALED ELEMENTAL MERCURY INTO IONIC FORM IN BLOOD. IN ADDN, ETHANOL ENHANCES PULMONARY EXHALATION OF ABSORBED MERCURY, WITH RESULTANT EFFECT OF SUPPRESSING LUNG RETENTION OF MERCURY TOGETHER WITH LOWERING BLOOD MERCURY CONTENT.... Concn of NTA in surface waters had no interaction with barium, antimony, molybdenum, strontium, chromium, silver, tin, iron, lead, cadmium, copper, and mercury ... and not enough with nickel, zinc, manganese, cobalt, magnesium, and calcium ... to be of environmental concern.The oxidation of elemental mercury vapor in the body ... can be reduced considerably (to about 50% of normal values) by moderate amt of alcohol. In an in vivo study, the uptake of labelled mercury into human red cells was reduced by a factor of ten by ethanol, while there was an incr in liver mercury concn ... . |
| 표적 장기 | Cardiovascular (Heart and Blood Vessels), Developmental (effects during periods when organs are developing) , Immunological (Immune System), Neurological (Nervous System), Renal (Urinary System or Kidneys), Reproductive (Producing Children)Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, kidneys |
| 생태독성 수치 | LC50 Catfish 0.35 mg/l/96 hr. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/LC50 Modiolus carvalhoi (mollusk) 0.5 ppm/48 hr0.19 ppm/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/LC50 Rana hexadactyla (tadpoles) 0.051 ppm/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/ |
| 환경 거동 | ENVIRONMENTAL ACCUMULATION: TWO CHARACTERISTICS, VOLATILITY & BIOTRANSFORMATION, MAKE HG SOMEWHAT UNIQUE AS ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICANT. ITS VOLATILITY ACCOUNTS FOR HIGH ATMOSPHERIC CONCN, 20 TO 200 UG/CU M NEAR AREAS CONTAINING HIGH SOIL LEVELS (10 PPM) AS COMPARED TO NORMAL ATMOSPHERIC CONCN OF 5 UG/CU M. ... GROUND WATER CONCN IN USA ... BELOW 1 PPB. |
| 유해 작용 | Neurotoxin - Sensorimotor |
| 노출 경로 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and through the skin also as a vapour.inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contactElemental mercury is toxic primarily through inhalation of mercury vapors. It is only slowly absorbed through the skin, although it may cause skin and eye irritation. Elemental mercury droplets may be absorbed through eye contact. Ingestion is not an important route of acute exposure as almost no elemental mercury is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. |
| 독성 요약 | IDENTIFICATION: In its elemental form, mercury is a heavy silvery liquid at room temperature and has a very high vapour pressure. Mercury vapor is more soluble in plasma, whole blood, and hemoglobin than in distilled water, where it dissolves only slightly. The major natural sources of mercury are degassing of the earth's crust, emissions from volcanoes, and evaporation from natural bodies of water. (The world-wide mining of mercury is estimated to yield about 10,000 tons per year. The activities lead to some losses of mercury and direct discharges to the atmosphere). Other important sources are fossil fuel combustion, metal sulfide ore smelting, gold refining, cement production, refuse incineration, and industrial applications of metals. A major use of mercury is as a cathode in the electrolysis of sodium chloride. Mercury is used in the electrical industry, in control instruments in the home and industry, and in laboratory and medical instruments. A very large amount of mercury is used for the extraction of gold. Dental silver amalgam for tooth filling contains large amounts of mercury. Use of skin-lightening soap and creams can give rise to substantial mercury exposure. Occupational exposure to inorganic mercury has been investigated in chloralkali plants, mercury mines, thermometer factories, refineries, and in dental clinics. High mercury levels have been reported for all these occupational exposure situations, although levels vary according to work environment conditions. HUMAN EXPOSURE: The general population is primarily exposed to mercury through the diet and dental amalgam. Acute inhalation exposure to mercury vapor may be followed by chest pains, dyspnea, coughing, hemoptysis, and sometimes interstitial pneumonitis leading to death. (The ingestion of mercuric compounds, in particular mercuric chloride, has caused ulcerative gastroenteritis and acute tubular necrosis causing death from anuria where dialysis was not available). The central nervous system is the critical organ for mercury vapor exposure. Subacute exposure has given rise to psychotic reactions characterized by delerium, hallucinations, and suicidal tendency. Occupational exposure has resulted in erethism as the principal feature of a broad ranging functional disturbance. The kidney is the critical organ following the ingestion of inorganic divalent mercury salts. Occupational exposure to metallic mercury has long been associated with the development of proteinuria. Both metallic mercury vapor and mercury compounds have given rise to contact dermatitis. Mercurial pharmaceuticals have been responsible for Pink disease (acrodynia) in children, and mercury vapor exposure may be a cause of "Kawasaki" disease. Results of both human and animal studies indicate that about 80% of inhaled metallic mercury vapour is retained by the body, whereas liquid metallic mercury is poorly absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract. ANIMAL STUDIES: Evidence of damage to brain, kidney, heart, and lungs have been reported in rabbits exposed acutely to metallic mercury vapor at certain concentrations. Both reversible and irreversible toxic effects may be caused by mercury and its compounds. In two studies, tremor and behavioural effects were observed in rabbits and rats after several weeks of exposure to metallic mercury vapour. Depending upon the animal strain tested, either auto-immunity or immunosuppression is observed. The most sensitive adverse effect caused by mercuric mercury is the formation of mercuric-mercury-induced auto-immune glomerulonephritis. Mercuric chloride was found to induce gene mutations in mouse lymphoma cells and DNA damage in rat and mouse fibroblasts. The World Health Organization reported no evidence that inorganic mercury is carcinogenic. The neurotoxic effect seen after exposure to metallic mercury vapour is attributable to the divalent mercury ion formed through oxidation in the brain tissue. Significantly more mercury is transported to the brain of mice and monkeys after the inhalation of elemental mercury than after the intravenous injection of equivalent doses of the mercuric form. |
| Average Daily Intake | Assuming an ambient air level of 50 ng/cu m, the average daily intake of metallic mercury vapor would amount to 1 ug/day due to inhalation. ... The average daily intake of those sub-groups of the general population living in specially polluted areas is difficult to estimate with any accuracy. ... Daily intake from occupational exposure is almost impossible to estimate because of the wide variation in exposure conditions in industry. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Sore throat. Shortness of breath. Fever. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Abdominal pain. Headache. Weakness.MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness.irritation eyes, skincough, chest pain, dyspnea (breathing difficulty), bronchitis, pneumonitistremor, insomnia, irritability, indecision, headache, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion)stomatitis, salivationgastrointestinal disturbance, anorexia, weight lossproteinuria- Irritation- Ingestion does not normally result in whole-body (systemic) toxicity.- Acute exposure to high levels of elemental mercury vapor may cause inflammation of the lungs (chemical pneumonitis), difficulty breathing or shortness of breath (dyspnea), chest pain, and dry cough. Effects may improve or, conversely, worsen, leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary edema), respiratory failure, and death. Acute toxicity may also cause kidney damage (sometimes severe) and kidney failure, rapid heart rate (tachycardia), and high blood pressure (hypertension). The patient/victim may have a metallic taste, salivation, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. Central nervous system (CNS) effects include headache, weakness, and visual disturbances. |
| ICSC Environmental Data | The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur in fish and seafood. |
| EPA IRIS Information | Mercury, elementalNervous3 x 10 ^-4 mg/m^3 |
| RCRA 요건 | U151As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when mercury, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).D009A solid waste containing mercury may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Mercury/ |
| 대기 기준 | Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Mercury is included on this list.Emissions to the atmosphere from mercury ore processing facilities and mercury cell chlor-alkali plants shall not exceed 2300 grams of mercury per 24-hour period. /Mercury/Emissions to the atmosphere from sludge incineration plants, sludge drying plants, or a combination of these that process wastewater treatment plant sludges shall not exceed 3200 grams of mercury per 24-hour period. /Mercury/ |
| CERCLA 보고 수량 | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1 lb or 0.454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
| 청정수법 요건 | Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Clean Water Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Mercury and cmpd/ |
| 주 식수 지침 | (AZ) ARIZONA 3 ug/l |
| Federal Drinking Water Standards | EPA 2 ug/l |
| 연방 식수 지침 | EPA 2 ug/l |
| 직업 노출 한계(OEL) | STEL: 0.1 mg/m3 |
| 수질 위해 등급(WGK) | 3 |
| 즉시 생명 위험 농도 | 10 mg Hg/m3 |
| TSCA 등재 상태 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 번호 | OV4550000 |
| 운송 번호(UN) | UN 2809 |
| 독성 | LCLO inhal (rabbit) 29 mg/m3 (30 h) PEL (OSHA) 0.1 mg/m3 (ceiling) TLV-TWA (ACGIH) 0.025 mg/m3—skin |
| 관세 코드 | 2805 40 90 |
| 위험 문구(R) | 25-48/21/22-51/53-50/53-33-23-20/21/22-34-36/37/38-23/24/25-48/23-26-61-52/53-36/38 |
| 위험 표시 | T,N,Xn,C,T+ |
| 안전 문구(S) | 7-45-60-61-36-36/37/39-26-36/37-53 |
| 포장분류 | III |
| 위험 등급 | 8Acute Tox. 2 InhalationAquatic Acute 1Aquatic Chronic 1Repr. 1BSTOT RE 1 |
| 기존화학 물질 | KE-23117 |
| F 고인화성물질 | 10 |
| 저장 분류 | 6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2very toxic hazardous materials |
| 유해 물질 데이터 | 7439-97-6(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| 함량 및 규제정보 | 물질구분: 유독물질혼합물(제품)함량정보: 수은 또는 그 화합물과 수은화합물을 1% 이상 함유한 혼합물. 다만 황화 제이수은(Mercuric sulfide), 요오드화 제일수은(Mercuric iodide), 오레인산 수은(Mercuric oleate), 아미노 염화 제이수은(Amino mercury(II) chloride), 뇌산 제이수은(Mercury(II) fulminate) 및 그 중 하나를 함유한 혼합물은 제외 |
| 유해화학물질 필터링 | 97-1-140 |
| 중점관리물질 필터링 | 별표1-121 |
용도
개요
Elemental mercury, a silver-white metal, is also known ‘quicksilver’ or ‘hydrargyrum.’ Mercury has been discovered in Egyptian tombs dating as far back as 1500 BC. The chemical symbol, Hg, is derived from the Greek word hydrargyros, meaning ‘water silver.’ Mercury was known in antiquity and used by alchemists. Its neurological effects were recognized early, and its use in the hat-making trade gave rise to the phrase ‘mad as a hatter.’ Mercury has been used commercially and medically for centuries. In the past it was a common constituent of many medications, for example, it was used in the treatment of syphilis. Use of mercury has been drastically reduced in recent years. Within the twentieth century, mercury used to be in every physician’s or pharmacist’s armamentarium, for example, calomel was commonly used in infant teething powders in the 1930s and 1940s.
역사
The name of Hg derives from the Roman god “Mercury”, the nimble messenger of the gods, since the ancients used that name for the element, which was known from prehistoric times. The name mercury originated in 6th-century alchemy, in which the symbol of the planet was used to represent the metal; the chemical symbol Hg derives from the Latin hydrargyrum, “liquid silver or quick silver.” Although its toxicity was recognized at an early date, its main application was for medical purposes.
용도
Amalgams, catalyst, electrical apparatus, cathodes for production of chlorine and caustic soda, instruments (thermometers, barometers, etc.), mercury vapor lamps, extractive metallurgy, mirror coating, arc lamps, boilers, coolant, and neutron absorber in nuclear power plants.
일반 설명
An odorless, silvery metallic liquid. Insoluble in water. Toxic by ingestion, absorption and inhalation of the fumes. Corrosive to aluminum. Used as a catalyst in instruments, boilers, mirror coatings.
제조 및 합성 방법
생산 방법
Mercury is mined primarily in underground mines as the metal or as the red sulfide cinnabar (HgS). Like HgO, the sulfide decomposes at higher temperatures. Heating of the ore and condensation of the mercury vapor constitute a convenient procedure for reducing, extracting, and purifying mercury from its ore. In the United States, mercury is produced primarily from secondary sources; this involves recycling a variety of industrial waste products. A survey in 1980 conducted by the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health suggested that about 70,000 workers were exposed to mercury and its compounds; the majority of these exposures involves mercury vapor. However, this number has probably already decreased considerably, and occupational mercury vapor exposure has now become fairly rare in industrialized countries. On the other hand, numbers of workers exposed to mercury vapor from informal mining in developing countries has increased disproportionally and is causing health risks to workers and their families, including children.