6-니트로크리센

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Carcinogens that are alkylating, arylating or acylating agents per se can be destroyed by reaction with appropriate nucleophiles, such as water, hydroxyl ions, ammonia, thiols & thiosulfate. The reactivity of various alkylating agents varies greatly ... & is also influenced by sol of agent in the reaction medium. To facilitate the complete reaction, it is suggested that the agents be dissolved in ethanol or similar solvents. ... No method should be applied ... until it has been thoroughly tested for its effectiveness & safety on material to be inactivated. For example, in case of destruction of alkylating agents, it is possible to detect residual compounds by reaction with 4(4-nitrobenzyl)-pyridine. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Small quantities of ... some carcinogens can be destroyed using chem reactions ... but no general rules can be given. ... As a general technique ... treatment with sodium dichromate in strong sulfuric acid can be used. The time necessary for destruction ... is seldom known ... but 1-2 days is generally considered sufficient when freshly prepd reagent is used. ... Carcinogens that are easily oxidizable can be destroyed with milder oxidative agents, such as saturated soln of potassium permanganate in acetone, which appears to be a suitable agent for destruction of hydrazines or of compounds containing isolated carbon-carbon double bonds. Concn or 50% aqueous sodium hypochlorite can also be used as an oxidizing agent. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 6-Nitrochrysene (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Doors leading into areas where carcinogens are used ... should be marked distinctively with appropriate labels. Access ... limited to persons involved in expt. ... A prominently displayed notice should give the name of the Scientific Investigator or other person who can advise in an emergency & who can inform others (such as firemen) on the handling of carcinogenic substances. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Rooms in which obvious contamination has occurred, such as spillage, should be decontaminated by lab personnel engaged in expt. Design of expt should ... avoid contamination of permanent equipment. ... Procedures should ensure that maintenance workers are not exposed to carcinogens. ... Particular care should be taken to avoid contamination of drains or ventilation ducts. In cleaning labs, procedures should be used which do not produce aerosols or dispersal of dust, ie, wet mop or vacuum cleaner equipped with high-efficiency particulate filter on exhaust, which are avail commercially, should be used. Sweeping, brushing & use of dry dusters or mops should be prohibited. Grossly contaminated cleaning materials should not be re-used ... If gowns or towels are contaminated, they should not be sent to laundry, but ... decontaminated or burnt, to avoid any hazard to laundry personnel. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": To eliminate risk that ... contamination in lab could build up during conduct of expt, periodic checks should be carried out on lab atmospheres, surfaces, such as walls, floors & benches, & ... interior of fume hoods & airducts. As well as regular monitoring, check must be carried out after cleaning-up of spillage. Sensitive methods are required when testing lab atmospheres. ... Methods ... should ... where possible, be simple & sensitive. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When ... admin in diet or applied to skin, animals should be kept in cages with solid bottoms & sides & fitted with a filter top. When volatile carcinogens are given, filter tops should not be used. Cages which have been used to house animals that received carcinogens should be decontaminated. Cage-cleaning facilities should be installed in area in which carcinogens are being used, to avoid moving of ... contaminated /cages/. It is difficult to ensure that cages are decontaminated, & monitoring methods are necessary. Situations may exist in which the use of disposable cages should be recommended, depending on type & amt of carcinogen & efficiency with which it can be removed. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 6-Nitrochrysene (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge, i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter). (NTP, 1992)

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2.9X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 6-nitrochrysene is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 6-nitrochrysene from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.5X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). 6-Nitrochrysene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 7.6X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). A 2.0% mineralization after 2 weeks of incubation with a sediment Mycobacterium sp. inoculum acclimated to pyrene(5) indicates that this compound may not be expected to biodegrade rapidly in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2.9X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 6-nitrochrysene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.5X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 1,500(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 5.3(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). A 2.0% mineralization after 2 weeks of incubation with a sediment Mycobacterium sp. inoculum acclimated to pyrene(8) indicates that this compound may not be expected to biodegrade rapidly in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 6-nitrochrysene, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 7.6X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase 6-nitrochrysene may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). 6-Nitrochrysene does contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 6-nitrochyrsene can be estimated to be 2.9X10+5(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 6-nitrochrysene is expected to be immobile in soil.

URBAN/SUBURBAN: 6-Nitrochrysene was detected in 2 out of 4 airborne samples in the vapor plus particulate phase collected from Houston, Texas between August 26, 1990 - September 5, 1990 (summer) and between September 30, 1990 - November 18, 1990 (fall) at concentrations ranging from 1.5-5.2 pg/cu m(1). 6-Nitrochrysene was detected in an unknown amount of airborne samples in the atmosphere of Baltimore, Maryland in January 2001 at concentrations ranging from 0.27-0.64 pg/cu m and in July 2001 at concentrations ranging from 0.05-0.13 pg/cu m(2). 6-Nitrochrysene was also detected in an unknown amount of airborne samples in the atmosphere of Fort Meade, Maryland in January 2001 at concentrations ranging from 0.20-0.73 pg/cu m and in July 2001 at concentrations ranging from 0.10-0.70 pg/cu m(2).

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ ... Using human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells and immortalized human mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells, ... the effects of 6-nitrochrysene (6-NC) on the expression of p53 protein and its direct downstream target cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(Cip1) as well as on the cell cycle progression /were determined/. Western blot analysis demonstrated that treatments of MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells with 6-NC for 12, 24 or 48 hr did not increase the level of total p53 protein; however, an increase of p21(Cip1) protein and a commitment increase of G(1) phase were observed in MCF-10A cells but not in MCF-7 cells. Further studies using 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-6-hydroxylaminochrysene (1,2-DHD-6-NHOH-C), the putative ultimate genotoxic metabolite of 6-NC, were conducted and showed a significant induction of p53 (p < 0.05) in MCF-7 cells; however, this effect was not evident in MCF-10A cells, indicating the varied DNA damage responses between the two cell lines. By contrast to numerous DNA damaging agents such as BaP which is known to stimulate p53 expression, the lack of p53 response by 6-NC imply the lack of protective functions mediated by p53 (e.g. DNA repair machinery) after exposure to 6-NC and this may, in part, account for its remarkable carcinogenicity in the mammary tissue.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ... Treatment of HepG2 cells with 6-nitrochrysene (6-NC) increased the activities of microsomal benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase, 7-ethoxycoumarin and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylases, cytosolic glutathione S-transferase and N-acetyltransferase, and S9 metabolic activation of 6-NC in the Ames mutagenicity test. Immunoblot and RNA blot analyses revealed that 6-NC induced CYP1A1 protein and mRNA levels in the hepatoma cells. Nuclear transcription assay demonstrated that 6-NC increased the transcription rate of CYP1A1 gene in HepG2 cells. Treatment of human lung carcinoma NCI-H322 cells with 6-NC increased benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity and CYP1A1 protein and mRNA levels. These results demonstrate that 6-NC is an inducer of human CYP1A1 and the induction occurs at a transcriptional level in HepG2 cells ...

6-Nitrochrysene

Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

2014

2012

NB Overall evaluation upgraded to Group 2A with supporting evidence from other relevant data

An estimated BCF of 1,500 was calculated in fish for 6-nitrochrysene(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 5.3(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 6-nitrochrysene is estimated as 1.5X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 6-nitrochrysene is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 6-Nitrochrysene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces will not occur(SRC). 6-Nitrochrysene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 7.6X10-9 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

Used as the internal standard in the analysis of nitroarenes; [HSDB] Produced directly or indirectly from incomplete combustion; NitroPAHs are formed from PAHs through nitration during combustion (i.e. diesel exhaust) or in the atmosphere; [INCHEM EHC]

Internal standard in the chemical analysis of nitroarenes. It is available for research purposes at greater than or equal to 98% purity and is also available at a certified purity of 98.9% as a reference material.