염화제이철무수물

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) /Ferric chloride, anhydrous/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. /Ferric chloride, solution/

Solution of ferric chloride should be stored in polyethylene bottles and should be protected from exposure to light and heat. ...If solutions ...become cloudy, they should be discarded. Solution stored in glass bottles must be refrigerated. Solution stored in glass bottles may reach alkali from glass and the rubber stoppers, forming yellow precipitate of ferric oxide.

Keep well closed.

Environmental consideration: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /Ferric chloride, anhydrous/

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). /Ferric chloride, solution/

Environmental consideration: Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. Adjust pH to neutral (pH= 7). /Ferric chloride, solution/

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Adjust pH to neutral (pH= 7). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Ferric chloride, anhydrous/

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Ferric chloride, solution/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Neutralization & landfill: Bury neutralized (with lime or soda ash) waste material in an approved landfill or dispose of through a licensed waste disposal firm.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for iron (Fe+2): Concentration process: Biological treatment. /Iron (Fe+2)/

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered plastic containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

The effect of di- and trivalent iron on the intestinal absorption of aluminum (Al) was studied in an in situ perfusion system of rat small intestine in combination with systemic and portal blood sampling. The small intestine of female Wistar rats (6 animals/group) was perfused with media containing 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, and 25.0 mmol/L Al as aluminum chloride hexahydrate (AlCl3.6H2O), with or without 5 mmol/L ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2.4H2O) or ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O) for 60 min. The disappearance of Al or Fe from the perfusion medium, which is a measure for uptake from the intestinal lumen, was calculated. After perfusion, samples of small intestine were collected. Control tissue samples were taken from a rat perfused with saline for 60 min and from a nonperfused rat. In the rats perfused with Al and/or Fe there was no morphological damage to the intestinal wall compared with the saline and nonperfused controls. Fe(III) did not affect Al disappearance at any point during perfusion (p>0.05 for all concentrations of Al perfusion media). Al appeared after the 60 min perfusion period in both systemic and portal blood. Both Fe(II) and Fe(III) were absorbed after 60 min perfusion, with the divalent iron being more extensively absorbed. The rise of the Al level in portal blood was slightly higher than that in systemic blood suggesting a possible liver trapping of Al before entering the peripheral circulation. Fe(III) did not affect Al absorption during 60 min perfusion for all concentrations of Al perfusion media (0.10< p<0.25). /Ferric chloride hexahydrate/

Benzo(a)pyrene (0.5 mg), in itself weakly carcinogenic, when given in combination with ferric chloride (0.16 mg) or iodine (0.2 mg), alone noncarcinogen, induced a number of tumors of different parts of the respiratory tract of Syrian golden hamsters.

TLm Daphnia 15 ppm/96 hr fresh water /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Ceriodaphnia dubia (Water flea) 30.06 mg/L/48 hr (95% confidence interval: 28.20-31.72 mg/L); static

LC50 Gambusia affinis (Western mosquitofish) >26 mg/L/24, 48, 96 hr; static

LC50 Nitocra spinipes (Harpacticoid copepod) 21 mg/L/96 hr (95% confidence interval: 16-28 mg/L); static

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for FERRIC CHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Harmful to aquatic life in very low concentrations.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Among populations of Paracentrotus lividus living near the sewage outlet of Marseilles' conurbation, ...individuals with brown to black gonads /have been observed/. An ultrastructural study demonstrated the presence of extracellular and intracellular crystals. In the latter they are in nucleus, vacuoles and cytoplasm of phagocytic coelomocytes. An X-ray microanalysis indicates the presence of iron, chlorine and sulfur in these crystals. ...A relationship between this bioaccumulation and the release into coastal water of iron chloride from the sewage treatment plant of Marseilles /is proposed/. This element may be found in both the coelomic fluid and food of sea-urchin. It is collected and transformed by phagocytic coelomocytes. When this bioaccumulation becomes excessive coelomocytes are injured and free crystals may be found within the gonads and hemal system.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

Abdominal pain. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Shock or collapse.

/CASE REPORTS/ Contact sensitization to iron and positive patch test to a 2% ferric chloride solution were reported in a 66 yr old white male tool maker. The patient's 5 yr history of allergic contact dermatitis was not associated with any other exposure to metals. This is the second documented case of allergic contact sensitization to iron.

/CASE REPORTS/ ...A 25-y-old woman presented with vomiting after ingestion of 200 mL ferric chloride solution (pH 1.0). She had hypoxemia and severe metabolic acidosis with respiratory alkalosis initially. Three hours after her ingestion she presented with drowsy consciousness, tachycardia, tachypnea and protracted vomiting. Laboratory studies showed leukocytosis, elevated glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, amylase, lactate dehydrogenase, and total bilirubin, coagulation defect and hemolysis. Aspiration pneumonia and vision loss were also noted. Four hours after ingestion cardiopulmonary arrest suddenly occurred after severe vomiting and she expired. Toxicological studies showed marked elevation of serum iron (2440 ug/dL); the estimated oral dose of ferric chloride was equivalent to 11.52 g (230 mg/kg) of elemental iron. This patient did not receive deferoxamine due to rapid deterioration and a late diagnosis.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Diagnosis of iron intraocular foreign body has usually been based on x-ray demonstration of an opaque foreign body by establishing that the foreign body can be made to move with a magnet, but in some instances either one or both of these diagnostic measures are inconclusive, yet clinical findings suggestive of siderosis indicate that there may be an intraocular iron foreign body. To help establish the diagnosis, analysis of the aqueous humor for iron, to detect an abnormally high content, has proven useful in a few cases. Also as a help in diagnosis, particularly in eyes where surgery for cataract is required, histologic staining of an excised piece of iris or analysis of the lens for iron has been helpful diagnostically. However, to make a definite diagnosis on the basis of histologic examination it is essential to rule out hemosiderosis, which can be produced by persistent intraocular hemorrhage, because the histologic findings and iron staining are indistinguishable in these two conditions. ... /Iron Compounds/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ...Injection of 0.05 - 0.1 cc of 10% solution of ferric chloride into vitreous humor of rabbits caused in 1-4 wk a loss of pupillary response to light, marked drop in resting potential of eye measured at cornea and subnormal intraocular pressure.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A single injection of 5 or 10 uL of ferrous or ferric chloride into rat or cat sensorimotor cortex resulted in chronic recurrent focal paroxysmal electroencaphalographic discharges as well as behavioral convulsions and electrical seizures. Recurrent focal epileptiform discharge caused by cortical injection of iron salts suggests that the development of human posttraumatic epilepsy may depend, in part, on the neurochemical alterations induced by the principal metallic ions found in whole blood.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ...A thermocouple was inserted under a carotid artery of the anesthetized rat and vessel temperature was recorded continuously. Arterial injury was induced by FeCl3 solution applied topically to the artery above the thermocouple. To validate the relationship between thrombotic occlusion and vessel temperature, blood flow velocity, proximal to the injury, and temperature were recorded simultaneously. Temperature decreased rapidly when velocity averaged 24 +/- 12% of control and velocity did not differ from zero within 20 sec. In normal vessels, average flow velocity did not decrease significantly from control until a fixed stenosis decreased diameter by 78%. Average time to occlusion (TTO), signaled by the abrupt temperature inflection, ranged from 56 +/- 4 min to 14 +/- 1 min after 10 and 65% FeCl3 application respectively. Vessel segments were fixed at various times after FeCl3 exposure and examined by scanning electron microscopy. Endothelial damage was observed and was associated with thrombus composed of activated platelets, fibrin strands and entrapped erythrocytes. The results demonstrate that FeCl3 dose-dependently induced formation of an occlusive mixed thrombus that was indexed by monitoring the time between FeCl3 application and a rapid temperature decrease in the carotid artery of the rat.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ The effects of inhaled iron-chloride on rabbit lung alveolar macrophages, alveolar epithelial cells, and surfactant were studied. Animals were exposed for 2 months to either 3.1 mg/cu cm or 1.4 mg/cu m nebulized iron-chloride. Lung and alveolar macrophage morphology were examined under light and electron microscopy. Macrophage oxidative metabolism and lung phospholipids were also analyzed. Iron-chloride inhalation increased macrophage number and caused them to aggregate into large granulomas in the alveoli. Macrophage ultrastructure revealed marked alterations with enlarged lysosomal complexes that often contained iron rich inclusions. Oxidative metabolism was not affected. Rabbits exposed to high iron-chloride concentrations showed a small increase in the volume density of type-II cells and a significant increase in total phospholipid concentration of the lung.

...There is concern that the individual with metabolic defects that impair the ability to regulate iron absorption will be at risk from excessive exposure to iron, primarily as a result of acceleration of accumulation of iron in the body and an earlier onset of clinical symptoms of the disease. /Iron salts/

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).

Ferric chloride is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

Ferric chloride (not > 2% of suspending, dispersing agent, pesticide formulation) is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Ferric chloride is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.