포스핀(기체)
포스핀 · 포스핀(기체) · 포스파인 · 인화수소 · PH3 · phosphane · PHOSPHINE LIGAND · Phosphene
식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 13967-14-1 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | H3P |
| 평균 분자량 | 33.998 g/mol |
| 단동위원소 질량 | 33.99723673 g/mol |
| SMILES | P |
| InChIKey | XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 24404 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL2227836 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:30278 |
| EC No. | 232-260-8 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID2021157 |
| 현지명 | 포스핀(기체) |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| XLogP | -0.1 |
|---|---|
| 극성 표면적 | 0 |
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 0 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 0 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 0 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 1 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 0 |
| 물질 분류 | Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)Toxic Gases & Vapors -> HydridesFlammable agents - 4th degree-> NIOSH Emergency Response Categories |
| pH | SOLN ARE NEUTRAL |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Coriolis coupling |
| 농약 | Pesticide -> EPA IRISInsecticidesActive substance -> EU Pesticides database: Approved |
| 냄새 | Disagreeable, garlic-like odor.Almost odorless in purest form, but odor of decaying fish when occurring industrially.Foul odor of decaying fishFish- or garlic-like odor [Note: Pure compound is odorless]. |
| 밀도 | 0.746 at -130 °F (EPA, 1998) - Less dense than waterwill float1.390 g/L at 25 °CDensity: 1.529 g/L at 0 °CDensity (gas): 1.53 kg/m³Relative density (water = 1): 0.80.491 (estimate) |
| Color/Form | Colorless gasflammableColorless gas [Note: Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas]. |
| 용해도 | Slight (NIOSH, 2024)Slightly soluble in water (0.26 volume at 20 °C)Insoluble in waterSlightly soluble in cold water. Insoluble in hot water.Soluble in alcohol, ether, and cuprous chloride solutionSlightly soluble in ethanol, etherinsoluble in H2Oslightly soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether |
| 인화점 | Flammable gasNA (Gas) |
| 끓는 점 | -126 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)-87.75 °C-87.7 °C-87.75 °C @760 [mm Hg]−87.5 °C(lit.) |
| Decomposition | Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions - Oxides of phosphorus.When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /phosphorus oxides/. |
| 녹는점 | -207 °F (EPA, 1998)-133.8 °C-132.5 °C-133 °C-209 °F-133° |
| 증기 밀도 | 1.15 (vs air) |
| 증기압 | 3905kPa at 25℃ |
| 물리적 상태 | 무색 가스 |
| 색상 | colorless gasflammable |
| 용해도 | H2O(20°C)에서 0.26 부피불용성 뜨거운 H2O난용성 알코올, 에테르, 염화 제1구리 용액 [HAW93] [MER06] |
| 비열 | Cp(gas): 1.09 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 13,7424 |
| 헨리 상수 | 8.1×10-5 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Wilhelm et al. (1977) |
| 유전율 | 2.5(-60℃) |
| 안정성 | 안정적이지만 자연발화성 - 공기 중에서 자연 발화성이 있음. 폭발 한계가 매우 넓다는 점에 유의하십시오. 산화제, 할로겐, 질산과 호환되지 않습니다. |
| NIST | Phosphine(7803-51-2) |
| EPA | Phosphine (7803-51-2) |
화학적 성질
Phosphine is a pyrophoric chemical and spontaneously flammable in air. It is incompatible with strong oxidising agents, halogens, nitric acid. It has the odour of garlic or decaying fish. It is slightly soluble in water. It is flammable and is an explosive gas at ambient temperature. Phosphine decomposes on heating or on burning producing toxic fumes including phosphorus oxides. It reacts violently with air, oxygen, oxidants such as chlorine and nitrogen oxides, metal nitrates, halogens, and other toxic substances, and causes fire and explosion hazard.
안전 및 규제
| GHS 분류 | DangerH220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]P203, P210, P222, P260, P264, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P320, P321, P363, P377, P381, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H220 (100%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]P203, P210, P222, P260, P264, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P320, P321, P363, P377, P381, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| Hazards Identification | Toxic/poison by inhalation (TIH/PIH) |
| 규제 정보 | Chemical: PhosphineHazard Traits - HematotoxicityHepatotoxicity and Digestive System ToxicityNephrotoxicity and Other Toxicity to the Urinary SystemNeurotoxicityRespiratory ToxicityCouncil Directive (EEC) No 414/1991 (Repealed by Reg. EC No 1107/2009 (amended))Phosphine is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Phosphine are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Dossier complete 08/566/EC, Reg. (EU) 2018/155, Reg. (EU) 2024/324, Reg. (EU) No 1043/2012, Reg. (EU) No 2023/114Status: Active Update: 20-04-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/18616 |
| 기타 안전 정보 | IMAP assessments - Phosphine: Environment tier I assessment- Indoor Air: Phosphine can be released into indoor air as a gas. |
| 운송 라벨(DOT) | Poison Gas Flammable Gas |
| 화재 위험 | Phosphine can explode with powerful oxidizers. The gas is heavier than air and may travel along the ground to an ignition source. Container may explode in heat of fire. When heated to decomposition, it emits highly toxic fumes of phosphorus oxides. Reacts violently with: airboron trichloridebrominechlorinechlorine monoxidenitric acid |
용도
개요
Phosphine is a colorless, flammable gas that is heavier than air and has a characteristic odor described as being similar to decaying fish. Pure phosphine is claimed to be odorless, even at a level of 200 ppm. The odor threshold for commercially available phosphine ranges from 0.02 ppm to 3 ppm. It has an autoignition temperature of 100°F (37.8°C) and ignites spontaneously when traces of other phosphorous hydrides such as diphosphine are present. For all practical purposes, phosphine should be handled both as a pyrophoric and highly toxic gas. Phosphine is stable at room temperature and begins to decompose at about 707°F (375°C), with complete decomposition at about 1100°F (593°C). Phosphine is readily oxidized by common oxidizers such as potassium permanganate and sodium hypochlorite. Unlike arsine, it will have some reaction with the alkalis. Phosphine is a strong reducing agent and can precipitate a number of heavy metals from solutions of their salts. It will react violently with oxidizers such as oxygen, chlorine, fluorine, and nitric oxide. Phosphine is shipped in the pure form as a liquefied gas, and is also commonly available as a mixture when blended with hydrogen or inert gases.
출처
Phosphine is produced naturally in small amounts in marshy lands, especially in damp graveyards, resulting from bacterial decay of animal and vegetable matter containing phosphorus. The atmospheric oxidation of impure phosphine (containing trace amounts of diphosphine, P2H4) emits pale flickering lights, the so-called “Will o’ the wisps” or “corpse candles” seen on dark nights. The compound has very little commercial application. It is used to prepare phosphonium salts, which also can be made by other processes.
용도
Phosphine is the most widely used fumigant for insect con-trol in the durable commodities throughout the world. It is increasingly used as a treatment to re-place methyl bromide especially because of its low cost, fast dispersion in the air and low residues. Versatility of use is a major advantage for phosphine, as it can be used in a variety of storage buildings, during transit (e.g. in ship holds) or in plastic sheet enclosures. It is close to an ideal fumigant except for few drawbacks: slow activity, the rapid increase in insect resistance, flammability at higher concentrations (>900 ppm) and corrosion of copper, silver and gold. The phosphine resistance among the insect populations was found to be the result of selection pressure caused by inadequate fumigations in the storage units; storage facilities not adequately sealed before fumigation; and fumigant concentrations not being monitored. The understanding of phosphine resistance mechanism, improved monitoring tactics and management of resistance are the priorities in tackling the problem (Rajendran, 2001). The other problems like corrosion and flammability were found to be limited by using the combination of heat (30–36℃), carbon dioxide (3–7%) and phosphine at 80–100 ppm, while achieving a complete insect control.
제조 및 합성 방법
생산 방법
Phosphine, also known as phosphorated hydrogen or hydrogen phosphide (PH3), has no direct commercial use. However, it may be generated from aluminum or zinc phosphide and water for grain fumigation. It may be present in phosphorus as a polymer or generated at low rates under alkaline conditions and at a temperature of 85C. The generation of acetylene from calcium carbide containing calcium phosphide as an impurity and metal processing procedures in which phosphides are formed are the most frequent sources of industrial hygiene problems with phosphine.