산소 디플루오르화물

Excerpt from ERG Guide 124 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive - Oxidizing]:

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Oxygen difluoride:

General First Aid:

(General first aid procedures)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. Do not apply water to point of leak in tank car or container.

If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame, consider evacuation of one-third (1/3) mile radius.

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.

IN GENERAL MATERIALS ... TOXIC AS STORED OR WHICH CAN DECOMP INTO TOXIC COMPONENTS ... SHOULD BE STORED IN COOL ... VENTILATED PLACE, OUT OF ... SUN, AWAY FROM ... FIRE HAZARD ... BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED & MONITORED. INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS SHOULD BE ISOLATED.

Do not place combustibles and reducing agents ... /near fluorine monoxide/. Protect cylinder containers against physical damage. Do not use wood pallets.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

PROCESSES /WITH/ ... POTENTIAL EXPOSURE HAZARD SHOULD BE EQUIPPED WITH LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION. ... WORKERS SHOULD NOT CONSUME FOOD OR BEVERAGES IN THE WORKPLACE AND RIGOROUS PERSONAL HYGIENE SHOULD BE OBSERVED BEFORE MEALS ARE TAKEN. /FLUORINE AND FLUORINE COMPOUNDS/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

If material not involved in fire: Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Do not use water.

Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for FLUORINE MONOXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance can be absorbed into the body in hazardous amounts by inhalation.

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Headache. Laboured breathing. Sore throat.

Watering of the eyes.

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; headache; pulmonary edema; eye, skin burns (from contact with the gas under pressure)

... Inhalation of oxygen difluoride (at the ppb level) ... produced intractable headaches in personnel performing the controlled studies in animals.

AT VERY HIGH CONCN ... OXYGEN DIFLUORIDE MAY CAUSE TISSUE DAMAGE THAT RESEMBLES THERMAL BURNS.

... /Fluorine monoxide/ Attacks lung with delayed appearance of symptoms.

... Immediately prior to death, which followed a latent period of from 9 to 66 hr, ... overt respiratory distress /was/ seen. Damage ranged from slight to moderate hemorrhage to swelling, edema, and consolidation of entire lobes /of lung/.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for FLUORINE MONOXIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Five animal species, including one nonrodent species, showed no detectable adverse signs by any of several parameters of toxicity following daily, repeated 7-hr exposure at 0.1 ppm oxygen difluoride for 30 days. The oxygen difluoride gas employed /in the study/ ... had a purity range of 70% to 90%, the impurities appearing to be chiefly oxygen and nitrogen ... .

... INHALATION OF OXYGEN DIFLUORIDE AT FRACTIONS OF A PPM WAS SOPORIFIC AND WAS AN IRRITANT TO THE ENTIRE RESPIRATORY TRACT, RESULTING IN PULMONARY EDEMA AND HEMORRHAGE AT ALL CONCN GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.5 PPM IN EXPOSURES OF ANIMALS FOR A FEW HR DURATION.

... YOUNG ANIMALS WERE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO THE PULMONARY ACTION OF OXYGEN DIFLUORIDE THAN OLDER ANIMALS; TOLERANCE AGAINST THE ACUTE PULMONARY RESPONSE DEVELOPED FOLLOWING A SINGLE LOW-LEVEL (0.1 PPM) EXPOSURE.

LIKE ELEMENTAL FLUORINE GAS, EFFECTS OF OXYGEN DIFLUORIDE WERE NOTED IN THE KIDNEY ON THE CORTICA MEDULLARY ZONE AND IN THE INTERNAL SEX ORGANS CONSISTING OF DISTENTION AND CONGESTION OF THE ORGANS.

... LC50 values of 20 ppm were reported in monkeys and dogs exposed to oxygen difluoride. Signs of toxicity included lacrimation, dyspnea, muscular weakness, and vomiting. At autopsy, massive pulmonary edema and hemorrhage were observed.

Excess cancer rates have been documented in various occupational groups exposed to fluorides. Thus, fluorspar miners ... and aluminum production workers ... have been subject to lung cancer more frequently than expected. ... Because most occupational exposures that include fluoride are mixed exposures, only limited evidence from such studies bears specific relevance to the wider concept of the possible carcinogenic effects of long-term fluoride exposures on human beings. /Fluorides/

For immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If victim is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep victim quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Fluorine and related compounds/

For basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. ... Cover skin burns with sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Fluorine and related compounds/

Treatment /of acute poisoning/ includes the iv admin of glucose in saline and gastric lavage with lime water (0.15% calcium hydroxide soln) or other Ca+2 salts to precipitate the fluoride. Calcium gluconate is given iv for tetany; urine volume is kept high with vigorous fluid resuscitation. /Fluoride/

LC50 RAT INHALATION 2.6 PPM/1 HR

LC50 MOUSE INHALATION 1.5 PPM/1 HR

LC50 Dog inhalation 26 ppm/60 min

LC50 Monkey inhalation 16 ppm/60 min

Oxygen difluoride

0.09

15

Weapons of Mass Effect chemical material that, if stolen or diverted, can be converted into weapons using simple chemistry, equipment, or techniques.

Used as an oxidizer for rocket fuels; [ACGIH]

OXIDIZER IN ROCKET FUEL SYSTEMS

The gas had a purity range of 70 to 90%, the impurities being chiefly oxygen and nitrogen ... .

... 97% /pure/, with oxygen and carbon tetrafluoride being the main impurities.