칼슘 하이포인산염

Suitable extinguishing media: Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers. The product itself does not burn.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Sweep up and shovel. Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wetbrushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. Contain spillage, pick up with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and transfer to a container for disposal according to local regulations.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Calcium hypophosphite (Ca(H2PO2)2) is a solid. This is a DEA List 1 chemical substance. It is used as a corrosion inhibitor, and in nickel plating. Calcium hypophosphite is also used as a pharmaceutic aid (retards oxidation of ferrous salts). It has been used as a veterinary dietary supplement. HUMAN STUDIES: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: The acute toxicity of calcium hypophosphite was investigated following a single oral administration to the Sprague Dawley rat followed by a 14-day observation period. Calcium hypophosphite was lethal in the rat following oral administration of a single dose at 2000 mg/kg. No mortality or severe signs of toxicity were observed following dosing at 300 mg/kg. Calcium hypophosphite was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli (Salmonella strains TA 1535, TA 100, TA 1537, TA 98 and E. coli WP2 uvrA).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The acute toxicity of Ca(H2PO2)2 was investigated following a single oral administration to the Sprague Dawley rat followed by a 14-day observation period. A first sub-group of 3 female animals was initially dosed at 300 mg/kg (Step 1). No mortality occurred. Clinical signs were limited to piloerection, observed on the day of dosing. A second sub-group of 3 female animals was then dosed at the same dose level (Step 2). No deaths occurred. Piloerection was observed on the day of dosing. A third sub-group was dosed at a higher dose level of 2000 mg/kg (Step 3). No deaths occurred. Clinical signs observed were reduced activity and semiclosed eyes. Recovery occurred by Day 3. A fourth sub-group was finally dosed at 2000 mg/kg (Step 4). Two animals were found dead on Days 1 and 3 of the observation period. The following signs were noted after dosing: reduced activity, piloerection, hunched posture, semiclosed eyes, pallor and scab on the neck. Recovery occurred in the surviving animal by Day 4. Body weight changes recorded during the observation period in the animals treated at 300 mg/kg were within the expected range for this strain and age of animals. Body weight losses/reduced body weight gain were observed in the animals treated at 2000 mg/kg on Day 2 of the observation period. Changes in body weight observed at the end of the observation period in surviving females were within the expected range for this strain and age of animals. No abnormalities were observed at necropsy examination performed on animals treated at 300 mg/kg at the end of the observation period. Necropsy examination performed in the early decedent females treated at 2000 mg/kg revealed abnormal areas in the stomach of both animals. In addition, abnormal red color of the stomach, jejunum and cecum and mucoid material in the stomach and jejunum were observed in one of these early decedent females. The necropsy examination performed at the end of the observation period on surviving females dosed at 2000 mg/kg did not reveal any external or internal alterations. These results indicate that the test item Ca(H2PO2)2 induced effects of toxicological relevance (mortality) in the rat following oral administration of a single dose at 2000 mg/kg. No mortality or severe signs of toxicity were observed following dosing at 300 mg/kg. These results indicate the LD50 to be greater than 300 but lower than 2000 mg/kg body weight.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Calcium hypophosphite was tested on rats according to OECD 423. No mortality and no severe signs of toxicity were recorded at 200 mg/kg for both sexes. At the higher dose of 2000 mg/kg, 1 rat died after 48 hr and another one died at day 7. At necroscopy, the survived male rat presented yellow abscess in the right epididymis, white, thread-like calcification in the testes. No abnormality was recorded on animals treated at 200 mg/kg.

/GENOTOXICITY/ The substance calcium phosphinate was tested for its mutagenic potential based on the ability to induce point mutations in selected loci of several bacterial strains, i.e. Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, in a reverse mutation assay. /The strains tested were/ TA 1535, TA 100, TA 1537, TA 98 and E. coli WP2 uvrA. /The dose range was/ 20 pg- 5,000 pg/plate, /tested/ with and without metabolic activation (Aroclor-induced rat liver S-9 mix). No precipitation of the test substance was found. A weak bacteriotoxic effect was occasionally observed. An increase in the number of his+ or trp+ revertants was not observed in the standard plate test or in the preincubation test either without S-9 mix or after the addition of a metabolizing system. According to the results of the present study, the test substance calcium phosphinate is not mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium/Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay.

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Calcium hypophosphite was analyzed in vitro with the Hen's Egg Test - Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) in vitro corrosion test. ... The final score is the sum of the effects on hemorragia, Lysis and coagulation. Final score after 3 min is 3.3 which corresponds to severe eye irritant.

The calcium and potassium hypophosphites do not appear to be currently used as ingredients in foods as indicated by a survey of the food industry conducted by a National Research Council subcommittee in 1970 and more recent information obtained from industry by the Select Committee. They had limited medical use many years ago in tonics and as therapeutic agents but appear to be no longer used for these purposes(1).

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Phosphine and Related Compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . /Phosphine and Related Compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Phosphine and Related Compounds/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for Calcium hypophosphite (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The following chemicals have been specifically designated by the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration as the listed chemicals subject to the provisions of this part and parts 1309 and 1313 of this chapter. Each chemical has been assigned the DEA Chemical Code Number set forth opposite it. Hypophosphorous acid and its salts (Including ammonium hypophosphite, calcium hypophosphite, iron hypophosphite, potassium hypophosphite, manganese hypophosphite, magnesium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite) (DEA Code Number: 6797) are included on List 1 chemicals.